PANJAB UNIVERSITY CHANDIGARH- 160 014 (INDIA)

(Estted. under the Panjab Univerasity Act VII of 1947-enacted by the Govt. of India)

FACULTY OF SCIENCE

SYLLABI FOR

M.Sc. ENVIRONMENT SCIENCE (SEMESTER SYSTEM) EXAMINATIONS 2011 - 2012

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M.Sc. (Environment Science)

Outlines of the Tests, Syllabi & Courses of Reading for M. Sc (Environment Science) 1st to 4th Semester for the Session 2011-2012.

Semester -1 Paper-I Paper-II Paper-III Paper-IV ENV-6101 ENV-6102 ENV-6103 ENV-6104 (T+P) Geo-Environment and Meteorological Science 100+25 Ecological Principles 100+25 Environmental Chemistry & Toxicology 100+25 Environmental Impact Assessment and 100+25 Auditing Conservation of Life Support Systems 100+25 Environmental Analysis: Techniques and 100+25 Instrumentation Environmental Technology 100+25 Solid Waste Management and Techniques 100+25

Semester -2 Paper-I ENV-6201 Paper-II ENV-6202 Paper-III Paper-IV ENV-6203 ENV-6204

Each semester shall comprise of 4 Papers, each of 125 marks and a total of 500 marks per semester. Except for the Seminars and Projects, Each paper shall consist of 100 marks for theory (including 20 of the continuous internal assessment based on tests) and 25 for the Practical. There shall be no internal assessment for the Seminar and Project Paper. Every student shall be required to do a project training of at least one-month and submit a project report based upon their training / research undertaken during the course of study. There shall be a presentation and viva voce examination based upon the project submitted by the student. The evaluation of the Project and Seminar shall be done during the course of study. Instructions for Final Theory Paper Setters: The question paper shall comprise of a total of nine questions containing two questions from each unit and one compulsory question from whole of the syllabus Candidates will attempt five questions including one from each section and the compulsory question. Each question will carry equal marks. Instructions / Rules for Continuous Internal Assessment: There shall two tests each of 20 marks based upon the definitions / short answer questions / multiple choice questions etc. to be conducted during the course of each paper. The marks obtained by the student in two tests shall be rationalized out of 20 and counted as Internal Assessment. To qualify for the degree, a student has to score a total of 50 percent marks in each semester with a minimum of 40 percent in each paper, including marks of internal assessment. 2

Semester -3 Paper-I Paper-II Paper-III Paper-IV Semester -4 Paper-I Paper-II Paper-III Paper-IV

ENV-6301 ENV-6302 ENV-6303 ENV-6304 ENV-6401 ENV-6402 ENV-6403 ENV-6404

Regional & Global Environmental Issues Environment Impact Assessment and Auditing Environment and Energy Management Industrial & Biomedical Waste Management Environmental Technology Environmental Biotechnology Project Seminar

100+50 100+50 100+50 100+50 100+50 100+50 200 100

Each semester shall comprise of 4 Papers, with a total of 600 marks per semester. Except for the Seminars and Projects, Each paper shall be of 3 hour duration with a credit of 100 marks for theory (including 20 of the continuous internal assessment based on tests) and 50 for the Practical / Assignments. The evaluation for the Project and Seminar shall be done during the course of study. There shall be no internal assessment for the Seminar and Project Paper. Every student shall be required to submit a project report based upon their training / research undertaken during the course of study. There shall be a Viva Voce examination based upon the project submitted by the student. Both Project Report and Viva voce shall be of 200 marks. Every student will give a seminar based on his/her project and shall be of 100 marks including the end test paper from amongst the seminars. Instructions for Final Theory Paper Setters: The final paper shall comprise of nine questions covering the whole syllabus with 2 questions from each unit. Candidates are to attempt five questions in all selecting one from each unit and one objective type compulsory question carrying 20 marks covering the entire syllabus. Instructions / Rules for Continuous Internal Assessment: There shall be three term tests each of 20 marks based upon the definitions / short answer questions / multiple choice questions etc. to be conducted during the course of each paper. The marks from the best of these two tests shall be counted for Internal Assessment. To qualify for the degree, a student has to score a total of 50 percent marks in each semester with a minimum of 40 percent in each paper, including marks of internal assessment.

SEMESTER I Paper I: Geo-Environment and Meteorological Science Objective: To acquaint the students with the fundamental concepts of geo science in relation to environmental aspects UNIT- I Environmental Geo-science: Fundamental concepts, Primary differentiation and formation of core, mantle, crust, atmosphere and hydrosphere; magma generation and formation of rocks: plate tectonics sea floor spreading, mountain building, rock deformation and evolution of continents. Mineral Resources and Environment: Resources and reserves. abundance of elements and mineral resources; classifications; plate tectonics and mineral resources; resources, population and development. Oceans as new areas for exploration of mineral resources. Environmental impact of exploration, processing and smelting of minerals. (12 lectures) UNIT-II Atmosphere: Different layers, their characteristics and temperature relationships; Atmospheric stability, inversions and mixing heights, windroses. Meteorology: Weather and Climate, Atmospheric general circulation, Air mass and weather fronts, Weather elements, Precipitation and types of storms, Indian monsoon, El Nino effect, and western disturbances Weather forecasting, Methods of weather forecasting on short- and long range, World Meteorological Organization (12 lectures)

UNIT-III Water resources and Environment: Global water balance. Hydrological cycle. Factors influencing the surface water Types of water. Human use of surface and ground waters; Global Water crisis, Rainwater harvesting, Ground water recharge Ecological and Environmental impacts of dams, with particular reference to Narmada Dam and Tehri Dam Land-use Planning: The land-use plan. Soil surveys in relation to land-use planning. Methods of site selection and evaluation (12 lectures) UNIT-IV Principles of remote sensing and its application in Environmental Sciences, Application of GIS in Environmental Management Environmental Geochemistry: The periodic table and geochemical classification of elements; abundance of elements in the bulk earth, crust, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. Biogeochemical factors in environmental health. Human use, trace elements and health. Possible effects of imbalance of some trace elements. Diseases induced by human use of land. (12 lectures)

Practical 1. Studying the internal structure of earth 2. Studying the hand specimens of rock samples 3. Diagrammatic representation of different layers of atmosphere, their characteristics and temperature relationships; 4. Wind Roses: their preparation and interpretation. 5. Reading of topo maps and Geological maps. 6. Interpretation of Remotely sensed data. 7. Map work related to meteorology 8. Assignments/project as assigned by the teacher Suggested Readings 1. Barrett, E.C. and Curtis, D.E.. Introduction to Environmental Remote Sensing. Springer, USA 1992. 2. Botkin, Daniel B. and Keller, Edward A.. Environmental Science: Earth as a Living Planet. 6th ed. John Wiley & Sons, USA. 2007 3. Bouwer, H. Groundwater Hydrology. McGraw-Hill, New York. 1978. 4. Butz, S.D.. Science of Earth Systems. 2nd ed. Thomson Delmar Learning, USA 2004 5. DeMers, M.N. Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems. 3rd ed. Wiley & Sons, USA. 2002. 6. Eby, N.. Principles of Environmental Geochemistry. Brooks Cole, USA. 2003 7. Faure, G.. Inorganic Geochemistry. Prentice Hall. 1991 8. Fetter, C.W.. Applied Hydrogeology. 4th ed. Prentice Hall of India. 2001 9. Joseph, G. Fundamentals of Remote Sensing. Universities Press (India) Pvt. Ltd. 2007 10. Keller, E.A.. Introduction to Environmental Geology. 4th ed. Prentice Hall of India 2007 11. Keller, E.A.. Environmental Geology. 8th ed. Prentice Hall of India 1999 12. Krauskopf, K.B.. Introduction to Geochemistry. McGraw Hill. 1994 13. Mason, B.. Principles of Geochemistry, Wiley Eastern, USA1982 14. Raven, Peter H., Berg, Linda R. and Hassenzahl, David M.. Environment. 6th ed. John Wiley & Sons., USA. 2008 15. Schwartz, F.W. and H. Zhang. Fundamentals of Ground Water. John Wiley & Sons, USA. 2003. 16. Todd, D.K. Groundwater Hydrology. 2nd ed., Wiley, New York. 1980.

Paper II: Ecological Principles Objective: To acquaint the students with the concept of ecology so that they get well versed with different ecosystems and try to relate them in their day to day life UNIT-I Ecology: A brief history; Concept, and major branches Population Ecology: Characteristics of population; Dynamics and Interactions; Regulation; Population genetics Community Ecology: Concept, Characteristics and dynamics; Interactions; Development of community (Plant Succession); Parasitism; Prey-Predator relationship (12 lectures) UNIT-II Aquatic Ecosystem: Fresh water and Marine system, their types, characteristics and components; Wetlands and, their significance Terrestrial ecosystems: Major terrestrial biomes - Forest, Desert, and Grassland (a brief account); Relationship between Precipitation and temperature in determining the vegetation; Forest Types of India (a concise account) (12 lectures) UNIT-III Biological Invasion: Concept; Pathways of Invasion; Process of Invasion; Mechanism of Invasions; Impact of Invasive Species - Ecological, Environmental, Economical; Some examples of major invasive plants and animals in India Concept of Speciation: Types and process; Extinction: A brief history and reasons (12 lectures) UNIT-IV Biodiversity: Definition; levels of diversity; alpha, beta and gamma diversity, and their measurement; Biodiversity Hotspots concept and a brief account; Biodiversity hotspots of India: a short account; Concept of endangered and threatened species: IUCN Categories of Extinction; Names of a few endangered and threatened animals and plants (of India); Strategies for biodiversity conservation: Concept of Protected Area Networks - National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves (A brief account) (12 lectures) Practical 1. To determine minimum number and size of quadrat for studying vegetation in a grassland. 2. To calculate density, frequency, abundance and dominance of plant species in grassland using quadrat method. 3. To calculate the Importance Value Index (IVI) of species. 4. To calculate index of diversity, richness, evenness and dominance of species. 6

5. To find out association between two species using Chi-square method. 6. To calculate similarity index between two adjoining communities. 7. To study and enlist various biotic and abiotic components of pond and forest ecosystem. 8. To study ecology of some major exotic invasive weeds. Suggested Readings 1. Begon, M., Townsend, C. R., and Harper, J. L.. Ecology from Individuals to Ecosystems. Wiley-Blackwell, USA. 2005. 2. Botkin, Daniel B. and Keller, Edward A. Environmental Science: Earth as a Living Planet. 6th ed. John Wiley & Sons, USA. 2007. 3. Chapman, J. L. and Reiss, M. J. Ecology: Principles and Applications. Cambridge University Press, UK. 1998. 4. Cotgreave, Peter and Forseth, Irwin. Introductory Ecology. Wiley-Blackwell, USA. 2002. 5. Cunningham, W. P. and Cunningham, M. A. Principles of Environment Science. Enquiry and Applications. 2nd ed. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi. 2004. 6. Frankel, O. H., Brown, A. H. D. and Burdon, J. J. Conservation of Plant Biodiversity. Cambridge University Press, UK. 1995. 7. Gadgil, Madhav and Rao, P.R.S. Nurturing Biodiversity: An Indian Agenda. Centre for Environment Education, Ahmadabad, India. 1999. 8. Gaston, K. J. and Spicer, J. I. Biodiversity: An Introduction. Blackwell, UK. 1998. 9. Jeffries, M. Biodiversity and Conservation. 2nd ed. Routledge, USA.1997. 10. Kohli, R. K., Jose, S., Singh, H. P. and Batish, D. R.. Invasive Plants and Forest Ecosystems. CRC Press / Taylor and Francis. 2009. 11. Leveque, C. Ecology: From Ecosystem to Biosphere. Science Publishers, USA. 2003. 12. Odum, E.P. Fundamentals of Ecology. W.B. Saunders, USA. Indian Reprint 1996 by Natraj Publishers, Dehradun. 1991. 13. Odum, E.P. Ecology: A Bridge between Science and Society. Sinauer Associates, Inc., USA. 1997. 14. Perrings, Charles, Maler, Karl-Goran, Folke, Carl, Holling, C. S. and Jansson, Bengt-Owe. Biodiversity Loss: Economic and Ecological Issues. Cambridge University Press, UK. 1997. 15. Ramakrishnan, P. S. Ecology and Sustainable Development. National Book Trust of India, Delhi, India. 2001. 16. Raven, Peter H., Berg, Linda R. and Hassenzahl, David M. Environment. 6th ed. John Wiley & Sons., USA. 2008. 17. Riordan, Tim O' and Stoll-Kleemann, Susanne. Biodiversity, Sustainability and Human Communities: Protecting Beyond the Protected. Cambridge University Press, UK. 2002. 18. Silvertown J. W. and Charlesworth, D. Introduction to Plant Population Biology. 4th ed. Wiley-Blackwell. 2001. 7

19. Singh, J.S., Singh, S.P. and Gupta, S.R. Ecology, Environment and Resource Conservation. Anamaya Publishers, New Delhi, India. 2006. 20. Townsend, C. R. Ecological Applications: Toward a Sustainable World. WileyBlackwell, USA .2007. 21. Townsend, C. R., Begon, M., and Harper, J. L. Essentials of Ecology. WileyBlackwell, USA. 2008. 22. Van Andel, J. and Aronson, J. Restoration Ecology: The New Frontier. Blackwell, UK. 2005. Paper III: Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology Objective: To acquaint the students with the dynamics and principle of environmental chemistry and their toxicological effects on environment. UNIT- I Fundamental of Environmental Chemistry: Henry Law, Photochemistry, Electrochemistry, Elements and organics in nature, Petroleum and its products, Gibbs energy; chemical potential; chemical equilibria, Chemistry of Earth: Mineral and Organic components of soil; Reactions in soil solution; Ion exchange (Physiosorption); Ligand exchange (Chemisorption); Complexations, Chelation; Precipitation / dissolution (12 lectures) UNIT-II Chemical composition of Air: Classification of elements, chemical speciation. Particles, ions, and radicals in the atmosphere. Chemical processes for formation of inorganic and organic particulate matter. Sources of trace gases in the atmosphere; Thermo-chemical and photochemical reactions in the atmosphere. Tropospheric oxidation chemistry; Oxygen and ozone chemistry. Chemistry of air pollutants. Role of hydrocarbons; Sulphur chemistry; Halogen Chemistry in the atmosphere Green Chemistry: Concept and a Brief account (12 lectures) UNIT-III Water Chemistry: Chemistry of water, dissolution / precipitation reactions; complexation reactions; concept of DO, BOD, COD; concept of salinity; composition of seawater and physic-chemical speciation in oceans; Suspended particles; concept of sedimentation, coagulation, filtration, Environmental Toxicology: Emergence as a science; concepts and definitions; Factors affecting toxicity; Evaluation of Toxicity: Evaluation of LC50, LD50, LCIC and IT. (12 lectures)

UNIT-IV Toxic Chemical in the Environment: Metals and other inorganic contaminants; Organic contaminants; Fate of organic contaminants; Pesticides; Biochemical aspects of Arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, carbon monoxide, ozone and PAN Pesticides; Insecticides, MIC, carcinogens in the air. Photochemistry of Brominated Flame Retardants (BFR) Genetoxicity of toxic chemicals. (12 lectures) Practical Based upon the theory classes. Suggested Readings 1. Banerji, S. K. Environmental Chemistry. 2nd ed. Prentice-Hall, New Delhi, India. 1999. 2. De, A. K. Environmental Chemistry. 4th ed. New Age International (P) Ltd., New Delhi, India. 2000. 3. Harrison, R. M. and de Mora, S. J. Introductory Chemistry for the Environment Science. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, New Delhi. 1996. 4. Hobbes, P.B. Introduction to Atmospheric Chemistry. Cambridge University Press, UK. 2000. 5. Kothandaaman, H. and Swaminathan, G. Principles of Environmental Chemistry. B.I. Publications, Chennai, India. 1997. 6. Mahan, B. M. and Myers, R. J. University Chemistry. 4th ed. International Students Edition. Benjamin / Cummings Publishing Co., USA. 1987. 7. Manahan, S. E. Fundamentals of Environmental Chemistry. 2nd ed. CRC Press, Inc., USA. 2001. 8. Plunkett, E. R. Industrial Toxicology. 3rd ed. Edward Arnold (Australia) Pty. Ltd., Australia. 1987. 9. Richards, I. S.Principles and Practice of Toxicology in Public Health. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, London. 2008. 10. Seinfeld, J. H. and Pandis, S. N. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., USA. 2006. Paper IV: Environmental Impact Assessment and Auditing Objective: To acquaint the students with importance of Environment Impact assessment and various methodologies of impact assessment and auditing. UNIT-I Introduction to Environmental Impact Analysis , Environmental impact statement & environmental management plan Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) principles & potential, EIA guidelines 1994, notification of the Government of India, 2006; various appendices and forms for application, EIA in project planning and implementation; (12 lectures) 9

UNIT-II EIA Methodology: Project screening, scoping, base-line data, impact identification; prediction, evaluation, valuation of environmental impacts, mitigation. Public participation, presentation, review and decision making, Monitoring and auditing in EIA process. Component of EIA (12 lectures) UNIT-III Guidelines for environmental audit & Introduction to environmental planning, Environmental Auditing Procedure : Matrix methods and Batelle method of auditing, Types of Project activities requiring Environmental Clearance , Checklist for EIA, Generic structure of EIA Document, Procedure of Public hearing, Composition of EAC, SEAC Influence of EIA on projects and organizations, Benefits and future of EIA (12 lecture) UNIT-IV Coastal Regulation Zone Notification, 1991, Role of GIS in EIA Case Studies: Mining industry, Thermal power plant, textile industry; pulp and paper industry (12 lecture) Practical 1. Perform EIA on: dam / air post / Industry / Bridge / railway tract/ urban city. 2. Prepare an environmental audit of hostel / institute / industrial area / city 3. Assignments as suggested by teacher Suggested Readings 1. 2. 3. 4. Kulkarni, V. and Ramachandra, T.V.. Environmental Management. Capitol Pub. Co., New Delhi. 2006 Cutter, S.L.. Environmental Risks and Hazards. Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi. 1999 Petts, J. Handbook of Environmental Impact Assessment- Volume 1 and 2. Blackwell Publishers, UK 2005. Glasson, J. Therivel, R. and Chadwick, A.. Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment. Routledge, London. 2006

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SEMESTER II Paper I: Conservation of Life Support Systems Objective: To acquaint the students with knowledge as to how they can conserve the natural resources and support sustainable development UNIT-I Concept of conservation; Objectives and aims of conservation, Renewable and nonrenewable resources, Policies of conservation, strategies of conservation, Conservation of Mineral Resources: Demographic quotient, depletion curves Conservation of Soil: Soil health, types of soil, soil components, Reasons of soil degradation, Soil erosion and its check, Soil micro-organisms; Reclamation of Alkaline and Saline soil (12 lectures) UNIT-II Conservation of Forests: Joint Forest Management, Plantation Programmes in India Social Forestry, Community Forestry, Farm Forestry, Urban Forestry; Forest Conservation Act, Wildlife Conservation: Concept of wildlife, Role of wildlife in nature, Preservation of Breeding Stock; Artificial stocking; Habitat Improvement, Game Farming; Wildlife Protection Act (12 lectures) UNIT-III Conservation of Agriculture: Conservation of arable land, Conservation of crop genome, Strategies of conservation of crops; Pesticides and herbicides in crop protection, Organic, inorganic and hormonal pesticides and herbicides; Environmental hazards of pesticides their impact on life and life support system; Role of botanicals and natural plant products in crop protection; Biological management of pests; Integrated approach of pest and weed management. (12 lectures) UNIT-IV Conservation of Aquatic System: Need and strategies of conservation of Aquatic systems: Conservation of aquatic life; Conservation of Wetlands Conservation of Rangeland and Deserts: Concept of desertification; UNCCD; Strategies for conservation of wastelands and desert (12 lectures) Practical 1. To study some most frequently found weeds in post rainy / winter season. 2. To prepare a list of herbicides / pesticides / insecticides commonly used in this area. 3. To study different types of soil 11

4. To undertake a field visit to understand the concept and consequences soil degradation and erosion 5. To study different types of plantation systems 6. To prepare a list of wild and cultivated varieties of cereal crops (Maize, Wheat and Rice) commonly used in adjoining areas of Chandigarh. 7. To prepare a list of plants which are the sources of botanicals? 8. To make a list of various botanical pesticides available in the market Suggested Readings 1. Botkin, Daniel B. and Keller, Edward A. Environmental Science: Earth as a Living Planet. 6th ed. John Wiley & Sons, USA. 2007. 2. Cunningham, W. P. and Cunningham, M. A. Principles of Environment Science. Enquiry and Applications. 2nd ed. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi. 2004. 3. Enger, E.D. and Smith, B. F. Environmental Science: A Study of Interrelationships. 11th ed. McGraw Hill Inc., USA. 2006. 4. Frankel, O.H., Brown A.H.D. and Burdon, J.J. Conservation of Plant Biodiversity. Cambridge University Press, UK. 1995. 5. Gadgil, Madhav and Rao, P.R.S. Nurturing Biodiversity: An Indian Agenda. Centre for Environment Education, Ahmadabad, India. 1999. 6. Groom, Martha J., Meffe, Gary K. and Carroll, C. Ronald. Principles of Conservation Biology. 3rd ed. Sinaeur Associates, Inc., USA. 2005. 7. Hunter, Malcolm L., Jr., and Gibbs, James P. Fundamentals of Conservation Biology. 3rd ed. Wiley-Blackwell. 2006. 8. Jeffries, M. Biodiversity and Conservation. 2nd ed. Routledge, UK. 1997. 9. Leveque, C. Ecology: From Ecosystem to Biosphere. Science Publishers, USA. 2003. 10. Odum, E.P. Fundamentals of Ecology. W.B. Saunders, USA. 1991. 11. Indian Reprint by Natraj Publishers, Dehradun. 1996. 12. Primack, Richard. Essentials of Conservation Biology. 4th ed. Sinaeur Associates, Inc., USA. 2006. 13. Raven, Peter H., Berg, Linda R. and Hassenzahl, David M. Environment. 6th ed. John Wiley & Sons., USA. 2008. 14. Singh, H.P., Batish, D.R. and Kohli, R.K. Handbook of Sustainable Weed Management. Haworth Press, Inc., USA. 2006. 15. Singh, J.S., Singh, S.P. and Gupta, S.R. Ecology, Environment and Resource Conservation. Anamaya Publishers, New Delhi, India. 2006. 16. Townsend, Colin R. Ecological Applications: Toward a Sustainable World. WileyBlackwell. 2007.

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Paper II: Environmental Analysis: Techniques and Instrumentation Objective: To upgrade the students with knowledge on instrumental techniques of chemical analysis, practical work with the realistic samples from the environment so that they could become familiar with the instrumentation this is inevitable for contemporary investigations of environmental pollution. UNIT-I Concept of accuracy, precision and error, Sample preservations, handling of samples and chemical in lab, Sample handling of Volatile and non-volatile organic compounds, pH metry, Solvent partitioning, Titrimetry, Gravimetry (12 lectures) UNIT-II Instrumentation and analytical methods involved in the following techniques and their applications in environment: Colorimetry, Spectrophotometry, Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Visible, Atomic and Infrared spectrometry, Flame photometry, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (12 lectures) UNIT-III Chromatography, Gas Chromatography, HPLC, Supercritical Fluid chromatography, Reverse phase liquid chromatography, Electrophoresis: Capillary, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, Bomb colorimetrry, Mass Spectroscopy, Microscopy; Fluorescence (12 lectures) UNIT-IV Basics of Microbiological analysis, Laminar flow, autoclaving etc, preparations of media for culture growth. Handling of radioactive and hazardous samples, Determination of radionuclide in the environmental samples: gamma spectrometry, alpha particle spectrometry, beta particle spectrometry, liquid scintillation measurement. Utilization of different techniques for analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), Pesticide residues, Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Environment. Management of chemicals and waste generated in labs, safety measures while handling chemicals and instruments, familiarity about various symbols used on the bottles of chemicals etc. (12 lectures) Practical 1. Preparation of a standard solution in lab 2. Preparation of a standard curve 3. To analyse the moisture content of a sample using gravimetry 4. Analysis of sample using titrimetry. 5. To analyse the pH of a sample 6. To analyse the sample Using Spectrophotometery 7. A visit to different labs to demonstrate the functioning of instrumentation as listed in the syllabi. 13

Suggested Readings 1. Chatwal, G. R., and Anand, S. K. Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis. Himalaya Publishing House, Delhi. 2007. 2. De, A.K. Environmental Chemistry, New Age International, New Delhi. 2000. 3. Murphy, W.J. Analytical Chemistry, American Chemical Society, USA. 1977. Paper III: Environmental Technology Objective: To acquaint the students with latest environmental technology on how to combat with common environmental issues and related problems without altering the natural environmental conditions. UNIT-I Air pollution Sampling and Monitoring Air Matrices : Scope, Purpose and Objectives of Air Quality Monitoring Programme; Preliminary information required for planning an air quality survey; Guidelines for planning a survey; Design of an air quality surveillance network; Period, frequency and duration of sampling; Averaging times; Sample size determination; Principles and instruments for measurement of (i)ambient air pollutants; and (ii) stack emissions (monitoring), Sampling of gaseous and particulate air pollutants, measurement of SO2, NOx, CO, SPM, Oxidants and Ozone, Hydrocarbons and particulate matter. (12 lectures) UNIT-II Meteorology and Dispersion of Pollutants: maximum mixing depth, lapse rate, stability conciliations, plume behaviour, calculation of effective stack height, Control of Air Pollution: General methods of control of Gaseous pollutants- scrubbers, condensers, control equipment for particulate matter-gravity settling chambers, cyclone, fabric filters, electrostatic precipitators, case study of thermal power plants Control of Mobile Source Emissions. Automobile Exhausts, Type of pollutants: Indian auto emission standards: Problems associated with automobile pollution; (12 lectures) UNIT-III Water Pollution Control: Treatment for Clean Water: Water Treatment Plant Procedures, flocculation, settling, filtration, reverse sand filter, cleaning, chlorination, Methods of Cleaning Potable Water: Filtration, Electro-dialysis, principle & theory of chemical oxidation, Disinfection mechanism: Ozone, permanganate, chlorination. Reverse osmosis, Ultra filtration; Water quality standards. (10 lectures) UNIT-IV Industrial Effluent Treatment: Standards of Stream, River and industrial discharge; Disposal of industrial wastes-on land, in creeks / sea / in inland streams/ impoundments; 14

Importance of planning location of industries and industrial estates; Common Effluent Treatment plants, their economics and management. Sewage Treatment: Pre-treatment, Primary- secondary and tertiary treatment methods; Percentage removal and overall efficiency; Physical, chemical and biological methods of treatment. Screening: Designs of Fixed and Rotary Screens; Separation & design of girt chambers; velocity control devices; Detritus tanks; Centrifugal devices; Disposal of grit; Oil and grease separation. (12 lectures) Practical 1. To study the different methods of air monitoring 2. To study the different methods of water sampling 3. A visit to nearby Sewage Treatment Plant 4. A visit to nearby Effluent Treatment Plant 5. Ambient air monitoring for SO2, NOx, CO, SPM 6. Project work as assigned by the teacher Suggested Readings 1. Bhargava, S. K. Practical Methods for Water and Air Pollution Monitoring, New Age International Pub., New Delhi. 2008. 2. Bhatia, S.C. Textbook of Air Pollution and Its Control. Atlantic Pub., New Delhi. 2007. 3. Clarke, Andrew G. Industrial Air Pollution Monitoring, Gaseous and Particulate Emissions, Springer. 2008. 4. Eckenfelder. Industrial Water Pollution Control 3rd ed. McGraw-Hill Education (Asia). 2003. 5. Evans, G. Biowaste and Biological Waste Treatment. James and James (Science Publishers) Ltd, U.K. 2005. 6. Gurnham, C. F. Principle of Industrial Waste Treatment. John Wiley & Sons Inc, New York. 2004. 7. Hammer, M.J. and Hammer Jr, M.J. Water and Wastewater Technology. 3rd ed. Prentice Hall of India. 2000. 8. Hammer, M.J. and Hammer, M.J. Jr, Water & Waste Water Technology. Prentice Hall, USA. 2000. 9. Heck, R.M. and Farrauto, R. J. Catalytic Air Pollution Control: Commercial Technology. Wiley-Interscience. 2002. 10. Kumar, R and Singh, R.N. Municipal Water and Wastewater Treatment. Capitol Pub. Co., New Delhi. 2006. 11. Ray, T.K. Air Pollution Control in Industries. Tech Books International, New Delhi (2 volumes). 2006. 12. Tchobanoglous, G., Burton, F.H., and Stensel, D. Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse. Metcalf & Eddy, Inc., McGraw-Hill, USA. 2003. 13. Perkins, H.C. Air Pollution, McGraw Hill. (1974), 14. Stern, A.C. Air Pollution, Vol. 1-VIII, Academic Press. (1980), 15. Nevers, Nod, DAir Pollution Control Engineering, McGraw Hill Int. . (2000), 15

Paper IV: Solid Waste Management and Techniques Objective: To acquaint the students with the common municipal solid wastes, their characteristic and the chaos caused by these wastes in the environment and to study the latest technologies to dispose of such wastes. UNIT- I Waste generation, Need and requirements for management and planning Solid wastetypes, generation trends, quality and quantity aspects Types of solid waste Municipal waste, urban -, rural - and industrial wastes, Special wastes- tyres, household hazardous wastes, demolition waste, domestic waste; sewage sludge and municipal waste; slaughterhouse waste; agricultural waste; Mining waste Integrated Solid waste Management; Solid waste characterization: ultimate and proximate analysis; Waste reduction at source, volume reduction Collection techniques. Transport of solid waste and its optimization, transfer stations (12 lectures) UNIT- II Materials recovery/recycling; - Recycling of Aluminum, glass, plastic and, paper Treatment and disposal techniques - Burning, Open dumping, Landfill : landfilling methods and operation Landfill liners: clay, Geo-membrane, HDPE, Geonet, Geotextile Landfill emissions : Leachate and Landfill gas Leachate collection & analysis (12 lectures) UNIT- III Composting, Vermi-composting, Incineration Energy from Waste: Pyrolysis, Gasification, Refuse derived fuels, Biogas Merits and demerits of waste disposal methods UNIT- IV Municipal Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2000 Recycled Plastics (Manufacture and usage) Rules Vadose and saturated zone monitoring of solid waste dumps Protection at disposal sites Landfill closure methods and operations Role of GIS in Waste Management

(12 lectures)

(12 lectures)

Practical 1. A visit to Composting/Vermicomposting Unit 2. Ultimate analysis of Solid waste 3. Practical knowledge and working of incinerators 4. To prepare a list of materials from municipal waste stream that can be reused /recycled 16

5. 6. 7. 8.

A visit to the RDF plant. Practice exercises on computer related to handling of data To determine moisture content of sample To determine the pH of the given sample.

Suggested Readings 1. Evans, G. Biowaste and Biological Waste Treatment. James and James (Science Publishers) Ltd, U.K. 2005. 2. Hammer, M.J. and Hammer Jr, M.J. Water and Wastewater Technology. 3rd ed. Prentice Hall of India. 2000. 3. Kreith, F. Handbook of Solid Waste Management. McGraw Hill Publishers, USA. 1999. 4. Kumar, R and Singh, R.N. Municipal Water and Wastewater Treatment. Capitol Pub. Co., New Delhi. 2006. 5. Noble, G. Sanitary Landfill Design Handbook. Technomic Westport Connecticut, USA. 1976. 6. Peavey, H. S, Rowe, D. R and Tchobanoglous, G. Environmental Engineering. International Ed. McGraw-Hill, New York, USA. 1985. 7. Shah, K. L. Basics of Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Technology. McGraw Hill, USA. 1999. 8. Tchobanogloas, G. Integrated Solid Waste Management: Engineering, Principle and Management. McGraw Hill, USA. 1993. 9. Vesilind, P. A., Worrell, W. and Reinhart, D. Solid Waste Engineering. Brooks/Cole Thomson Learning Inc., USA. 2002. 10. White, P, Frank, M. and Hindle, P. Integrated Solid Waste Management- A Life Cycle Inventory. Chapman &Hall, USA. 1999. 11. Jaswal, P.S. and Jaswal, N. Environmental Law. Pioneer Publications, Delhi. 2003. 12. Leelakrishnan, P. Environmental Law in India. LexisNexis Butterworths Wadhwa, Nagpur. 2005. Shastri, S.C. Environmental law in India. Eastern Book Co, Lucknow. 2008.

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SEMESTER -III

Paper I: Regional and Global Environmental Issues

Objective: To provide assessments of the current status and trends in major developmental and environmental issues at the national, sub regional, regional and global levels. UNIT-I National and international Environmental issues, Stockholm conference, Creation of UNEP and its role, World earth summits; Agenda 21, UNFCCC, Convention on Biodiversity and Convention on Climate Change, CoPs, Climate Change and Global Warming; IPPC and its reports (a brief account), Basal Convention (12 lectures) UNIT-II Human Population and its implications, PAT Formula, Indian census, Population Regulation, Problems of slums in urban cities, Cancer and AIDS ,Descriptive and analytical markers and indicators of pollutants in the body; Water-borne, air borne, vectorborne, genetic, contagious and non-contagious diseases and their management, Sanitation measures to control infectious diseases, impact of population explosion and poverty on the environment, smoking and its impact on environment (12 lectures) UNIT-III Stratospheric Ozone depletion, Ozone hole, history, reasons and Impacts on Biota ,concept of carbon trading; carbon credits; Ecological Footprints; Carbon Footprints; Montreal and Kyoto Protocols; Basics of CDM, Green Buildings, Green house effects, Acid rain, Photochemical smog, (12 lectures) UNIT-IV Food additives and Preservatives, Food Allergens , Environmental ethics, environment education and awareness, Fly ash utilization Epidemiological issues - Goiter, Fluorosis, Arsenic toxicity; New emerging diseases (a brief concept) , Bio-terrorism and Ecoterrorism, role of Environment organizations like MOEF,CPCB,WHO, UNESCO, World Bank , NGOs, Scheme of labelling of environmentally friendly products (Ecomark), (12 lectures) Practical 1. To prepare a list of preservatives and additives used in candies, chocolates and toffees, curd, yoghurt and processed cheese available in the market.

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2. To prepare a profile of smokers and analysis in terms of: Type of products like cigarettes, Bidis and Cigars, Number of persons in the family, Health effects, Number of cigarettes per person 3. Project file on a global environmental issues 4. To prepare a list of various eco-terrorism and bioterrorism events 5. To calculate the carbon footprint of some anthropogenic activities 6. Enlist various green buildings in India and world Suggested Readings 1. Andel, J. Van and Aronson, J. Restoration Ecology: The New Frontier. Blackwell, UK. 2005. 2. Botkin, Daniel B. and Keller, Edward A. Environmental Science: Earth as a Living Planet. 6th ed. John Wiley & Sons, USA. 2007. 3. Burroughs, W.J. Climate Change: A Multidisciplinary Approach. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press. 2007. 4. Chandra, P. Global Ecotourism Codes, Protocols & Charters. Kanishka Publishers, Distributors, New Delhi. 2003. 5. Chasek, P. S. The Global Environment in the Twenty-First Century - Prospects for International Co-operation. Indian Reprint by Manas Publications, New Delhi. 2004. 6. Cunningham, W. P. and Cunningham, M. A. Principles of Environment Science. Enquiry and Applications. 2nd ed. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi. 2004. 7. Dash, S. K. Climate Change-An Indian Perspective. Centre for Environment Education and Cambridge University Press Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 2007. 8. Dodds, F. (ed.). Earth Summit. 2002. A New Deal. Earthscan Publications Ltd., UK. 2002. 9. Enger, E.D. and Smith, B. F. Environmental Science: A Study of Interrelationships. 11th ed. McGraw Hill Inc., USA. 2006. 10. Hardy, John T. Climate Change: Causes, Effects, Solutions. Wiley & Sons, USA. 2003. 11. Harris, F. Global Environmental Issues. Wiley & Sons, Inc., USA. 2004. 12. Kasperson, J. X. and Kasperson, R. E. (ed.). Global Environmental Risk. United nations University Press & EarthScan Publications, UK. 2001. 13. Metcalfe, S. and Derwent, D. Atmospheric Pollution and Environmental Change. A. Hodder Arnold Publications. 2005. 14. Raven, Peter H., Berg, Linda R. and Hassenzahl, David M. Environment. 6th ed. John Wiley & Sons., USA. 2008. 15. Singh, J.S., Singh, S.P. and Gupta, S.R. Ecology, Environment and Resource Conservation. Anamaya Publishers, New Delhi, India. 2006. 16. Speth, J. C. Global Environmental Challenges Transitions to a Sustainable World. Orient Longman Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 2004. 17. UNEP (United Nationals Environment Programme). Agenda 21. Available online at http://www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.asp?documentID=52 19

18. UNEP. Global Environmental Outlook 3: Past, Present and Future. Earthscan Publications. 2002. 19. Webber, R. Communicable Diseases: Epidemiology and Control. 2nd ed. CABI. UK. 1996.

Paper II: Environmental Impact Assessment and Auditing

Objective: To acquaint the students with importance of Environment Impact assessment and various methodologies of impact assessment and auditing. UNIT-1 Introduction to Environmental Impact Analysis , Environmental impact statement & environmental management plan Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) principles & potential, EIA guidelines 1994, notification of the Government of India, 2006; various appendices and forms for application, EIA in project planning and implementation, (12 lectures) UNIT-1I EIA Methodology: Project screening, scoping, base-line data, impact identification; prediction, evaluation, valuation of environmental impacts, mitigation. Public participation, presentation, review and decision making, Monitoring and auditing in EIA process. Component of EIA (12 lectures) UNIT-III Guidelines for environmental audit & Introduction to environmental planning, Environmental Auditing Procedure : Matrix methods and Batelle method of auditing, Types of Project activities requiring Environmental Clearance , Checklist for EIA, Generic structure of EIA Document, Procedure of Public hearing, Composition of EAC, SEAC Influence of EIA on projects and organizations, Benefits and future of EIA (12 lectures) UNIT-IV Coastal Regulation Zone Notification, 1991, Role of GIS in EIA Case Studies: Mining industry, Thermal power plant, textile industry; pulp and paper industry (12 lecture) Practical 1. Perform EIA on: dam / air post / Industry / Bridge / railway tract/ urban city. 2. Prepare an environmental audit of hostel / institute / industrial area / city 3. Assignments as suggested by teacher Suggested Readings 1. Kulkarni, V. and Ramachandra, T.V.. Environmental Management. Capitol Pub. Co., New Delhi. 2006 20

2. Cutter, S.L.. Environmental Risks and Hazards. Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi. 1999 3. Petts, J. Handbook of Environmental Impact Assessment- Volume 1 and 2. Blackwell Publishers, UK 2005. 4.Glasson, J. Therivel, R. and Chadwick, A.. Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment. Routledge, London. 2006.

Paper III - Environment and Energy Management

Objective: To provide the students with information on how to manage the natural resources on a sustainable basis, reducing the threat of degradation, and conforming to various environmental regulations. UNIT-I Environmental Economics and Management: Planning Levels, physical planning and development Cost-Benefit analysis, methods of economic evaluation of intangible environmental resources; contingent method, travel cost, opportunity cost concept of consumer behaviour, environmental consumerism Disaster Management: Definition, nature, types and classification of disasters, risk analysis; Disasters - causes and effects; Factors affecting damage- Type, scale, population density, socio-economic status of population, habitation pattern, physiology and climate; Factors affecting mitigation measures- Prediction, preparation, communication, aerial extent, accessibility, population density (12 lecture) UNIT-II Planning for disaster mitigation Floods River flooding, flood palins, drainage basins, nature and frequency of flooding, flood hazards, urbanisation and flooding, flood hydrographs, flood plain management and control. Land slides causes, human use and land slide analysis, determination of stability and safety factor. Volcanoes nature, extent and causes of volcanism, volcanic materials, geographic distribution of volcanoes. Coastal hazards tropical cyclone, coastal erosion, sea level changes and its impact on coastal areas and coastal zone management. Earth quakes causes, intensity and magnitude of earthquakes, geographic distribution of earthquakes zones, seismic waves, travel-time and location of epicenter, nature of destruction, quake resistant buildings and dams. (12 lecture)

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UNIT-III Watershed Management: Definition, concepts, principles; Classification by size; Rainfall and runoff; Water balance approach; Water budgeting; Topographic surveying; Water conservation and harvesting methods - Importance and techniques of Rain Water Harvesting; Agriculture and Water management- Participatory Rural Appraisal in watershed Programmes. Energy Environment: Fossil fuels classification, composition, physico-chemical characteristics and energy content of coal, petroleum and natural gas. Sun as source of energy; solar collectors, photovoltaic, solar ponds (12 lectures) UNIT-IV Principles of generation of hydroelectric power, tidal, ocean, wind, geothermal energy, nuclear energy fission and fusion, magneto hydrodynamic power, bio-energy energy from biomass and biogas Environmental implication of energy use, Carbon dioxide emissions, air and thermal pollution, radioactive waste and radioactivity from nuclear reactors, impacts of large scale exploitation of solar, wind hydro and ocean energy, Conservation of energy (12 lectures) Practical Based upon Theory Suggested Readings 1. Boland, R.G.A. General Environmental Management. Sterling Pub. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 1993. 2. Kulkarni, V. and Ramachandra, T.V.. Environmental Management. Capitol Pub. Co., New Delhi. 2006 3. Aslokar, S.R. and Gopichandran, R. Preventive Environmental Management- An Indian Perspective. Foundation Book, New Delhi. 2005. 4. Dhameja, S.K.. Environmental Engineering and Management. S.K. Kataria and Sons, New Delhi. 2000 5. Pandey, G.N.. Environmental Management. Vikas Pub. House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi 1997. 6. Saxena, H.M. Environmental Management. Rawat Pub., New Delhi 2000. 7. Stavins, R.N.,. Economics of the Environment Selected Readings. 5th ed. W.W. Nations and Co., New Delhi. 2005 8. Mukherjee, B.. Environmental Management. Vikas Pub. House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 1997 9. Kolstad, C.D.. Environmental Economics. Oxford University Press. 2000 10. Hussen, A.. Principles of .Environmental Economics. 2nd ed. Routledge, U.K. 2004

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11. Tietenberg, T. 2004. Environmental and Natural Resource Economics. 6th ed. Pearson Education. 12.Ravindranath, N.H., Rao, U.K. Natarajan, B. and Monga, P.. Renewable Energy and Environment A Policy Analysis of India. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi. 2002 13 Rai, G.D. Non Conventional Energy Sources. Khanna Publishers, New Delhi. 1998. 15. Coley, D.. Energy and Environment Change. John Wiley and Sons. 2008 16. Quaschning, V. Understanding Renewable Energy Systems. Earthscan Pub Ltd., U.K. 2006. 17. Sukhatme, S.P. Solar Energy Principles of Thermal Collection and Storage. Tata McGraw Hill. 2000.

Paper IV: Hazardous and Biomedical Waste Management

Objective: To acquaint the students to understand the difference in perception of hazardous

and biomedical wastes management, applications and their limitations.

UNIT-I Radioactive waste and its Management Electronic waste, types and Management Basic Considerations of Wastes from Industries like textile, sugar, pulp and paper, cement, distilleries, dairy, food processing, mining Types and Environmental problems of hazardous wastes: Lead and Mercury poisoning (12 lectures) UNIT-II Industrial Effluent Treatment: Standards of Disposal of industrial wastes-on land, in sea / in inland streams; Importance of planning location of industries and industrial estates; Common Effluent Treatment plants, Types and Environmental problems of hazardous wastes Generation, collection, segregation, treatment, transport and disposal of hazardous waste Waste destruction, separation and Immobilization Technologies (12 lectures) UNIT-III Biomedical waste: Introduction: definition, Classification, types and composition, Types of solids, liquids, sharps, blood and blood tissue, radioactive material, biological and chemical material Documentation of Biomedical waste types and guidelines 23

Storage of hospital waste; Types of bags and containers used for storage; Segregation of biomedical waste into different type; Handling and transport of hospital waste Transport of medical waste: Authorization and accidental spilling reporting (12 lectures) UNIT-IV Biomedical waste treatment/disposal methods: Incineration, autoclaving, microwave radiations, chemical treatments Biomedical Waste Treatment Facility: record keeping, collection, transport and storage facilities Hospital Effluent treatment plant: Its structure and Functioning Hazardous waste (Management and Handling) Rules; Bio-medical wastes (Management and Handling) Rules; (12 lectures) Practical 1. Survey of the town to make a list of various clinics / nursing homes / tertiary medical care centers / dispensaries / health care centers / multi-specialty hospitals and medical centers 2. Knowledge about the different types of wastes generated in clinics, nursing homes and hospitals in the city/town etc 3. Report about the types and amount of waste generated in a nursing home and clinic. 4. Data on the various methods of handling and transport of hospital wastes in the city 5. A visit to the Hazardous waste Generation or disposal site. 6. Visit to Industrial area especially the handling Hazardous material 7. Preparation of Project report based on a case study of one hospital Suggested Readings 1. Acharya, D.B. and Singh, M. Hospital Waste Management. Minerva Press, Delhi. 2003. 2. Blackman, W.C. Basic Hazardous Waste Management. CRC Press, USA. 2001. 3. Pichtel, J. Waste Management Practices: Municipal, Hazardous, and Industrial. CRC Press, USA. 2005. 4. Pruss, A., Giroult, E. and Rushbrook, P. Safe Management of Wastes from Healthcare Activities. World Health Organization, Geneva. 1999. 5. Williams, P.T. Waste Treatment and Disposal. John Wiley and Sons, USA. 2005. 6. Jaswal, P.S. and Jaswal, N. Environmental Law. Pioneer Publications, Delhi. 2003. 7. Leelakrishnan, P. Environmental Law in India. LexisNexis Butterworths Wadhwa, Nagpur. 2005. 8. Shastri, S.C. Environmental law in India. Eastern Book Co, Lucknow. 2008. 24

SEMESTER IV Paper I: Environmental Technology

Objective: To acquaint the students with latest environmental technology on how to combat with common environmental issues and related problems without altering the natural environmental conditions.

UNIT-I
Air pollution Sampling and Monitoring Air Matrices : Scope, Purpose and Objectives of Air Quality Monitoring Programme; Preliminary information required for planning an air quality survey; Guidelines for planning a survey; Design of an air quality surveillance network; Period, frequency and duration of sampling; Averaging times; Sample size determination; Principles and instruments for measurement of (i)ambient air pollutants; and (ii) stack emissions (monitoring), Sampling of gaseous and particulate air pollutants, measurement of SO2, NOx, CO, SPM, Oxidants and Ozone, Hydrocarbons and particulate matter. (12 lectures)

UNIT-II
Meteorology and Dispersion of Pollutants: maximum mixing depth, lapse rate, stability conciliations, plume behaviour, calculation of effective stack height, Control of Air Pollution: General methods of control of Gaseous pollutants- scrubbers, condensers, control equipment for particulate matter-gravity settling chambers, cyclone, fabric filters, electrostatic precipitators, case study of thermal power plants Control of Mobile Source Emissions. Automobile Exhausts, Type of pollutants: Indian auto emission standards: Problems associated with automobile pollution; (12 lectures)

UNIT-III
Water Pollution Control: Treatment for Clean Water: Water Treatment Plant Procedures, flocculation, settling, filtration, reverse sand filter, cleaning, chlorination, Methods of Cleaning Potable Water: Filtration, Electro-dialysis, principle & theory of chemical oxidation, Disinfection mechanism: Ozone, permanganate, chlorination. Reverse osmosis, Ultra filtration; Water quality standards. (10 lectures)

UNIT-IV
Industrial Effluent Treatment: Standards of Stream, River and industrial discharge; Disposal of industrial wastes-on land, in creeks / sea / in inland streams/ impoundments; Importance of planning location of industries and industrial estates; Common Effluent Treatment plants, their economics and management.

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Sewage Treatment: Pre-treatment, Primary- secondary and tertiary treatment methods; Percentage removal and overall efficiency; Physical, chemical and biological methods of treatment. Screening: Designs of Fixed and Rotary Screens; Separation & design of girt chambers; velocity control devices; Detritus tanks; Centrifugal devices; Disposal of grit; Oil and grease separation. (12 lectures) Practical 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. To study the different methods of air monitoring To study the different methods of water sampling A visit to nearby Sewage Treatment Plant A visit to nearby Effluent Treatment Plant Ambient air monitoring for SO2, NOx, CO, SPM Project work as assigned by the teacher

Suggested Readings 1. Bhargava, S. K. Practical Methods for Water and Air Pollution Monitoring, New Age International Pub., New Delhi. 2008. 2. Bhatia, S.C. Textbook of Air Pollution and Its Control. Atlantic Pub., New Delhi. 2007. 3. Clarke, Andrew G. Industrial Air Pollution Monitoring, Gaseous and Particulate Emissions, Springer. 2008. 4. Eckenfelder. Industrial Water Pollution Control 3rd ed. McGraw-Hill Education (Asia). 2003. 5. Evans, G. Biowaste and Biological Waste Treatment. James and James (Science Publishers) Ltd, U.K. 2005. 6. Gurnham, C. F. Principle of Industrial Waste Treatment. John Wiley & Sons Inc, New York. 2004. 7. Hammer, M.J. and Hammer Jr, M.J. Water and Wastewater Technology. 3rd ed. Prentice Hall of India. 2000. 8. Hammer, M.J. and Hammer, M.J. Jr, Water & Waste Water Technology. Prentice Hall, USA. 2000. 9. Heck, R.M. and Farrauto, R. J. Catalytic Air Pollution Control: Commercial Technology. Wiley-Interscience. 2002. 10. Kumar, R and Singh, R.N. Municipal Water and Wastewater Treatment. Capitol Pub. Co., New Delhi. 2006. 11. Ray, T.K. Air Pollution Control in Industries. Tech Books International, New Delhi (2 volumes). 2006. 26

12. 13. 14. 15.

Tchobanoglous, G., Burton, F.H., and Stensel, D. Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse. Metcalf & Eddy, Inc., McGraw-Hill, USA. 2003. Perkins, H.C. Air Pollution, McGraw Hill. (1974), Stern, A.C. Air Pollution, Vol. 1-VIII, Academic Press. (1980), Nevers, Nod, DAir Pollution Control Engineering, McGraw Hill Int. . (2000),

Paper II: Environmental Biotechnology

Objective: To acquaint the students with information on how to improve understanding, identification, and prevention of environmental problems, remediation & restoration through biotechnological methods. UNIT-I Bioremediation: Planning and management of bioremediation; In situ and Ex situ bioremediation; Constrains and priorities of bioremediation; Evaluating Bioremediation; Bioremediation of VOCs. (8 lectures) Phytoremediation: Phytoremediation of xenobiotics and bioaccumulation of metals using plants. (4 lectures) UNIT-II Biodegradation: Factors affecting process of biodegradation; Methods in determining biodegradability; Contaminant availability for biodegradation. Xenobiotics; Persistence and biomagnification of xenobiotic molecules; Microbial interactions with xenobiotics; Phase I and Phase II reactions; Cyt P 450 mediated reactions; Xenobiotics and microbial biotransformation. Use of microbes (bacteria and fungi) and plants in biodegradation and Biotransformation. (12 lectures) UNIT-III Biodegradation of petroleum constituents and associated heavy metal; Biodegradation of halogenated hydrocarbons; polycyclic aromatic hydrogen; Pesticides and Detergents. Biosorption: Biotechnology and heavy metal pollution; Oil field microbiology; Improved oil recovery; Biotechnology and oil spills; Hydrocarbon degradation (12 lectures) UNIT-IV Biotechnology for Management of Resources: Role of environmental biotechnology in management of resources; Reclamation of wasteland; Biomass production; Biogas and biofuel production; Microorganisms in mineral and energy recovery and fuel and biomass production. Application of Biotechnology in Environment. (12 lectures)

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Practical Based upon theory Suggested Readings 1. Evano, G.H. and Furlong, J.C. Environmental Biotechnology Theory and Application. John Wiley and Sons, USA. 2004. 2. Jjemba, P.K. Environmental Microbiology Theory and Application. Science Pub. Inc., USA. 2004. 3. Pepper, I.L. and Gerba, C.P. Environmental Microbiology - Laboratory Manaul. Elsevier, USA. 2005. 4. Ratledge, C. and Kristiansen, B. Basic Biotechnology. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 2002. 5. Rittman, B. and McCarty, P. L. Environmental Biotechnology: Principles and Applications. 2nd edition. Tata McGraw-Hill, USA. 2000. 6. Rittmann, B.E. and McCarty, P.L. Environmental Biotechnology Theory and Application. McGraw Hill, USA. 2001. Paper III Project (200 marks) Paper IV Seminar (100 marks) ********

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