BT v BJT1

HQG Tp HCM HBK

Khoa in-TB mn in T
Mn hc: Dng c bn dn
GVPT: H Trung M
Chng 5
Bi tp gii sn v BJTAY1112-S1
(Gi s cc BJT Si c in p J
E
dn l 0.7V, c in p bo ha[NPN]: V
BEsat
=0.8V v V
CEsat
=0.2V)

1. Vi cc trng hp sau BJT hot ng min no?
a) NPN: V
BE
= 0.8 V, V
CE
= 0.4 V d) PNP: V
CB
= 0.9 V, V
CE
= 0.4 V
b) NPN: V
CB
= 1.4 V, V
CE
= 2.1 V e) PNP: V
EB
= 0.6 V, V
CE
= 0.4 V
c) NPN: V
BE
= 1.2 V, V
CB
= 0.6 V f) PNP: V
BC
= 0.6 V, V
EC
= 1.3 V
S.
Qui tc chung gii loi bi ton ny nh sau:
i) Vi BJT NPN, ta xt phn cc thun/ngc ca J
E
v J
C
theo:

J
E
: V
BE
= V
B
V
E
= V
BC
+ V
CE
= V
CE
V
CB
= V
BC
V
EC

J
C
: V
BC
= V
B
V
C
= V
BE
+ V
EC
= V
BE
V
CE

> 0 : phn cc thun
< 0 : phn cc ngc

ii) Vi BJT PNP, ta xt phn cc thun/ngc ca J
E
v J
C
theo:

J
E
: V
EB
= V
E
V
B
= V
EC
+V
CB
= V
EC
V
BC
=V
CB
V
CE

J
C
: V
CB
= V
C
V
B
= V
CE
+ V
EB
= V
EB
V
EC

> 0 : phn cc thun
< 0 : phn cc ngc

p dng BJT NPN vo cc cu a), b), v c), ta c kt qu sau:
Trng hp V
BE
[V] J
E
V
BC
[V] J
C
Min hot ng
a) 0.8 > 0 thun 0.8 0.4 = 0.4 > 0 thun Bo ha
b) 2.1 1.4 > 0 thun 1.4 < 0 ngc Tch cc thun
c) 1.2 < 0 ngc 0.6 < 0 ngc Tt

p dng BJT PNP vo cc cu d), e), v f), ta c kt qu sau:
Trng hp V
EB
[V] J
E
V
CB
[V] J
C
Min hot ng
d) 0.9 0.4 > 0 thun 0.9 > 0 thun Bo ha
e) 0.6 > 0 thun 0.6 0.4 > 0 thun Bo ha
f) 1.3 0.6 > 0 thun 0.6 < 0 ngc Tch cc thun

2. Hy tm I
E,
V
CE
v V
BC
ca BJT trong mch hnh 1.
S.
Vi phn cc trong mch ta thy J
E
v J
C
u b phn cc ngc => BJT min tt => I
E
= I
C
= I
B
= 0
Nh vy (nu chn in th ti cc B l in th t): V
CE
= V
C
V
E
= 10V 15V = 5V
Cn V
BC
= 10V

Hnh 1 Hnh 2

3. Hy tm I
E
, V
EC
v V
CB
ca BJT trong mch hnh 1.
S.
Vi phn cc trong mch ta thy J
E
c phn cc thun v J
C
c phn cc ngc => BJT min tch cc
thun => I
E
= (20V0.7V)/39KO = 0.495 mA
BT v BJT2
Nu chn in th t ti cc B th ta c
V
E
= 0.7V v V
C
= 20V + 20KO x I
C
~ 20V + 20KO x I
E
= 20V + 20KO x0.495mA = 10.1V
Suy ra:
V
EC
= V
E
V
C
= 0.7V (10.1V) = 10.8V
V
CB
= V
C
V
B
= V
C
= 10.1V

4.Hy tm hiu sut pht
e
, h s vn chuyn min nn B v li dng E chung | ca BJT NPN vi cc
tham s sau: N
DE
= 1x10
18
cm
3
, N
AB
= 1x10
16
cm
3
, D
n
= D
p
, W
B
= 100nm, v L
p
= L
n
= 1m.
S.
a) Hiu sut pht
e

Theo LT ta c
0
0
1 1
e EP E B
e
EN b B E
p I D W
I n D L
~ =

vi p
e0
= n
i
2
/N
DE
; n
b0
= n
i
2
/N
AB

D
E
= h s khuch tn ca ht dn thiu s ti E = D
p

D
B
= h s khuch tn ca ht dn thiu s ti B = D
n

L
E
= chiu di khuch tn ca ht dn thiu s ti E= L
p

Thay cc biu thc trn vo
e
, ta c dng biu din khc ca
e
nh sau:
1
p
AB B
e
DE n p
D
N W
N D L
~

T tnh c
e
= 1 (10
16
/10
18
)(1)(100/1000) = 1 10
-3
= 0.999
Nh vy
e
= 0.999
b) H s vn chuyn min nn B
Theo LT ta c
2
1
1
2
Bn
B
W
B
L
| |
~
|
\ .

vi W
Bn
= b rng min nn phn trung ha ~ W
B

L
B
= chiu di khuch tn ca ht dn thiu s ti B= L
n

Suy ra: B = 1 (1/2)(100/1000)
2
= 0.995
Nh vy B

= 0.995
c) li dng E chung |
Ta c: o = B
e
= 0.995 x 0.999 = 0.994 => | = o/(1o) = 0.994/(10.994) ~166
Nh vy |

= 166

Hnh 3 Hnh 4 Hnh 5
BT v BJT3
5. Cho mch li LED hnh 3, vi BJT c | =100. LED ny c in p dn V
LED
(on) = 1.5V v cn li vi
dng I
LED
= 20mA. in p iu khin V
I
= 0V lm LED tt, V
I
= 5V lm LED sng. Hy tm:
a) Gi tr ca R
C
cho BJT min bo ha khi LED sng nu R
B
= 1KO.
b) Di gi tr ca R
C
cho BJT min bo ha khi LED sng nu R
B
= 1KO.
c) Di gi tr ca R
C
cho BJT tch cc thun khi LED sng nu R
B
= 1KO.
d) Di gi tr ca R
B
cho BJT min bo ha khi LED sng nu R
C
c tr cu b).
e) BJT c | l bao nhiu cho BJT min bo ha khi LED sng nu R
B
= 1KO v R
C
=170O.
S.
a) Gi tr ca R
C
cho BJT min bo ha khi LED sng nu R
B
= 1KO.
Khi bo ha ta c:
V
CC
= 5V = R
C
I
C
+ V
LED
+ V
CEsat
vi I
C
= I
LED
=20mA
Suy ra R
C
= (V
CC
V
LED
V
CEsat
)/I
LED
= ( 5V1.5V0.2V)/20mA = 3.3V/20mA = 165O.
Nh vy R
C
=165O

b) Di gi tr ca R
C
cho BJT min bo ha khi LED sng nu R
B
= 1KO.
Cch 1: Xt 0 s V
CE
s V
CEsat
= 0.2V
Ta c: V
CE
= V
CC
R
C
I
LED
V
LED
hay 0 s V
CC
R
C
I
LED
V
LED
s V
CEsat
= 0.2V
Hay (V
CC
V
LED
V
CEsat
)/I
LED
s R
C
s (V
CC
V
LED
)/I
LED
(5V 1.5

0.2)/20mA s R
C
s (5V 1.5V)/20mA

165O s R
C
s 175O
Cch 2: J
C
c phn cc thun, ngha l V
BC
> 0 hay V
B
> V
C

Ta c: V
B
= V
BEsat
= 0.8V v V
C
= V
CC
R
C
I
C
V
LED
= V
CC
R
C
I
LED
V
LED

Hay 0.8V > V
CC
R
C
I
LED
V
LED
= 5V R
C
x20mA1.5V
R
C
> (5V1.5V0.8V)/20mA = 135O
R
C
> 135O
Ngoi ra cn iu kin V
CE
> 0 => V
CC
R
C
I
LED
V
LED
> 0 => R
C
s (V
CC
V
LED
)/I
LED
= 175O
Tm li: 135O < R
C
s 175O

Ch :
- Cch 2 cho tr chnh xc hn v V
CEsat
= 0.2V l tr tiu biu m trong thc t c th thay i
nhiu.
- Thc t thng phn cc cho J
C
dn thun (V
BC
= 0.7V).

c) Di gi tr ca R
C
cho BJT tch cc thun khi LED sng nu R
B
= 1KO.
Khi tch cc thun th J
C
c phn cc ngc, ngha l V
BC
< 0 hay V
B
< V
C

Ta c: V
B
= V
BEsat
= 0.8V v V
C
= V
CC
R
C
I
C
V
LED
= V
CC
R
C
I
LED
V
LED

Hay 0.8V < V
CC
R
C
I
LED
V
LED
= 5V R
C
x20mA1.5V
R
C
< (5V1.5V0.8V)/20mA = 135O
R
C
< 135O
Ch : Thc t phn cc V
CB
> 0.4V

d) Di gi tr ca R
B
cho BJT min bo ha khi LED sng nu R
C
c tr b)
Khi bo ha th |I
Bsat
> I
Csat

Vi I
Bsat
= (V
I
V
BEsat
)/R
B
v I
Csat
= I
LED

Suy ra R
B
< |(V
I
V
BEsat
)/ I
LED
= 100(5V0.8)/20mA = 21KO
Nh vy: 0 < R
B
< 21KO

e) BJT c | l bao nhiu cho BJT min bo ha khi LED sng nu R
B
= 1KO v R
C
=170O.
Khi bo ha th |I
Bsat
> I
Csat

Vi I
Bsat
= (V
I
V
BEsat
)/R
B
v I
Csat
= I
LED

Suy ra | > I
Csat
/ I
Bsat
= R
B
I
LED
/(V
I
V
BEsat
)= 1KO x 20mA/(5V0.8V) = 4.76
Nh vy: | > 4.76 (cc BJT thng dng u c | t vi chc n vi trm => lun tha)


BT v BJT4
6. Thit k mch np pin theo hnh 4 c th chnh c dng np pin t 10mA n 100mA. C ngha l ta
phi tm cc gi tr V
CC
, R
1
, R
2
(bin tr) lm cho Q
1
(c | = 100) hot ng nh ngun dng hng chnh c
I
C
= 10mA n 100mA.
S.
Gi s BJT min tch cc thun v dng m hnh tn hiu ln vi V
BE
=0.7V.
Khi I
C
= | I
B
vi I
B
=(V
CC
V
BE
)/(R
1
+R
2
) v thay vo yu cu vi IC: 10mA s I
C
s 100mA , ta c:
1 2
10 100
CC BE
V V
mA mA
R R
|
| |
s s
|
+
\ .

Bin tr R
2
c th c chnh t 0 n R
2
, v I
C
max khi R
2
=0. Nh vy ta c th chn R
1
bng:
1
100
CC BE
V V
mA
R
|

= hay ( )
1
10
CC BE
R V V | = [O]
Ta c th chn V
CC
=12V (ch cn ln hn in p danh nh ca pin np c), suy ra R
1
=11.3KO
Thc t th ta phi dng in tr vi gi tr chun, do nn chn R
1
=12KO (ngha l I
C
max hi nh hn
100mA).
Gi tr ca R
2
c tm nh sau:
2 1
10
CC BE
V V
R R
mA
|

=
Thay cc tr s vo ta c R
2
= 101.7KO
Nu dng in tr chun th chn bin tr 100K cho R
2
, khi I
C
min hi ln hn 10mA!
Ch : Thc t th cc pin NiCd nh loi 9V c lm t 8 pin nh 1.2V, ngha l in p danh nh ca n l
9.6V. Khi pin c np y th mi pin nh c in p l 1.3V, dn n in p np y l 10.4V. Nh vy
ch cn chn V
CC
> 10.4V + V
CEsat
th t yu cu!

7. Hy tm im tnh ca BJT trong mch hnh 5. Cho trc cc gi tr linh kin: R1 = 100KO; R2 = 50 KO;
R
C
= 5 KO; R
E
= 3 KO; V
CC
= 15 V; V
BE
(on) = 0.7 V, v = 100.
S.
tin tnh ton ta s bin i mch cc nn thnh mch tng ng Thvenin nh sau:

Vi V
BB
=V
CC
R
2
/(R
1
+R
2
) v R
B
=R
1
R
2
/(R
1
+R
2
).
Gi s BJT min tch cc thun, nu tnh ra khng ng th ta phi i li gi thit BJT min bo ha v
tnh li! Ti mch nn-pht ta c phng trnh sau:
V
BB
= I
B
R
B
+ V
BE
+ I
E
R
E
= [R
B
+ ( + 1)R
E
]I
B
+ V
BE

Suy ra dng I
B
c tnh theo cng thc sau:
( ) 1
BB BE
B
B E
V V
I
R R |

=
+ +

T suy ra: I
C
= I
B

Ti mch cc thu, ta c:
V
CC
= I
C
R
C
+ V
CE
+ I
E
R
E
= I
C
R
C
+ V
CE
+ ( + 1)I
C
R
E
/
Suy ra:

1
CE CC C C E
V V I R R
|
|
| | +
= +
|
\ .

BT v BJT5
Nu >> 1 th ta c ( )
CE CC C C E
V V I R R = +
Thay cc gi tr vo ta c:
V
BB
= 5V; R
B
= 33.3 KO; I
B
= 12.8 A; I
C
= 1.28 mA; V
CE
= 4.78 V > V
CEsat
= 0.2V (ng tch cc thun)
Nh vy BJT c im tnh:
V
CEQ
= 4.78 V I
CQ
= 1.28 mA I
BQ
= 12.8 A


Hnh 6 Hnh 7

8. Mch hnh 6 c 2 BJT ging nhau hon ton v c phn cc min tch cc thun. Hy tm:
a) Dng I
X
khi V
1
=V
2

b) Hiu s V
1
V
2
cho I
C1
= 10I
C2

S.
a) Dng I
X
khi V
1
=V
2

Ta c: I
X
= I
C1
+ I
C2
vi I
C1
= I
C2
= I
S
exp(V
1
/V
T
)
Hay I
X
= 2I
S
exp(V
1
/V
T
)=I
SX
exp(V
1
/V
T
)
Khi ging nh tng ng 1 BJT c dng bo ha ngc l I
SX
v din tch mt ct ngang gp
i BJT ban u!

b) Hiu s V
1
V
2
cho I
C1
= 10I
C2

Lp t s 2 dng I
C
ta c
1
1 2
2
1
2
T
T
T
V
V V
V
V C S
V
C
V
S
I I e
e
I
I e

= = suy ra:
1
1 2
2
ln
C
T
C
I
V V V
I
| |
=
|
\ .

V
1
V
2
= V
T
ln10 = 25mV x ln10 ~ 58mV 300
o
K

9. Xt mch hnh 7, trong V
1
biu din tn hiu c to ra t microphone, I
S
= 3 x 10
16
A, = 100, V
A
=
v Q
1
hot ng min tch cc thun.
a) Nu V
1
= 0, hy xc nh cc tham s tn hiu nh ca BJT?
b) Nu V
1
= 1mV, hy tm nhng thay i trong dng thu v dng nn?
S.
a) Tnh cc tham s tn hiu nh. Cho V
1
= 0 ta tm im tnh ca BJT
Ta c I
C
= I
S
exp(V
BE
/V
T
) = 3 x 10
16
A exp(800mV/25mV) = 23.69 mA
Suy ra h dn g
m
= I
C
/V
T
= 23.69mA/25mV =0.9476 mho
V in tr vo r
t
= /g
m
= 100/0.9476mho ~103.53O


b) Nu V
1
= 1mV, hy tm nhng thay i trong dng thu v dng nn?
Vi mch tng ng tn hiu nh ta thy V
1
= v
t
, do ta c s thay i dng thu l:
AI
C
= g
m
V
1
= 0.9476 mho x 1mV = 0.9476 mA
V s thay i dng nn l:
AI
B
= AI
C
/ = 0.9476 mA /100 = 9.476 A
(c th tnh AI
B
= v
t
/ r
t
= 1mV/(100/0.9476)O

= 9.476 A)

BT v BJT6
Mch tng ng tn hiu nh ca hnh 7

10. Hy xc nh in p ra V
o
v dng I
C
trong mch sau. V tnh tip gi tr cc tham s tn hiu nh ca
BJT ny. Gi s BJT c | = 100 v V
A
= .

S.
d tnh ton ta s v li mch vi tng ng Thvenin cho mch phn cc ti cc nn:

Nh vy ta c:
V
o
= 1.07V; I
C
= 1.93mA; g
m
= 0.072 mho ; v r
t
=1.39KO