Levelling and Contouring 1. What is level and leveling ? 2. What instruments are required for leveling? 3.

Write the names of different types of levels and which levels are mostly used ? 4. Describe different types of levels. (just read) 5. Write short note on leveling staff. 6. What adjustments are required for levels? 7. What are the permanent adjustments of dumpy level? 8. Describe permanent adjustments of dumpy level. ( read only) 9. How the line of collimation can be adjusted in a dumpy level? / Explain or describe two peg test. 10. What are the permanent adjustments of Y-levels? 11. Describe the permanent adjustments of Y levels. ( read only) 12. Define: Mean Sea Level ( M.S.L.), Geoid, Datum, Reduced Level (R.L.), Bench Mark (B.M.), Height of Instrument (H.I.), Station, Change Point (C.P.), Back, inter and Fore readings. 13. Why leveling is done? (purpose of leveling) 14. How leveling is carried out/done? or Describe the procedure of leveling briefly. (read only, but should know well) 15. What are the methods of calculating Reduced Level (R.L.) ? 16. Describe the methods of calculating reduced levels. (read only, should know well) 17. Write short note on: i) Effect of curvature on leveling, ii) Effect of refraction on leveling. 18. Show that, the error due to curvature in ft is approximately equal to two2 third of the square of the distance in miles. / curvature correction = l 2 . 3 ( draw necessary figures) 19. Prove that, total Correction (in ft) due to curvature and refraction =
4 2 l . 7

20. Describe different types of leveling. ( read only) 21. Write short note on: i) Fly or differential leveling, ii) Check Leveling, iii) Reciprocal Leveling. 22. Write short note on contouring. 23. Write the characteristics of contours. 24. What are the uses of contour map. 25. Describe briefly the methods of contouring. 26. Describe the indirect methods of contouring. ( may be asked for any particular type, should have good idea on the methods ) 27. Describe the interpolation methods in contouring. ( should have good idea ) 28. What are the causes of error in leveling? 29. How much accuracy is required in leveling?

Problems: 1. To test the line of collimation of a dumpy level, the instrument was placed exactly mid way between two points A and B, 200 ft apart, on a fairly level ground. The staff readings at A and B were 6.78 and 3.92 respectively. the instrument was then placed at D 45 ft behind A in the same straight line and staff reading at A and B were 5.25 and 2.20 ft respectively. a) Is the line of collimation in adjustment? b) If not, is it inclined upwards or downwards? c) What should be the staff reading at A and B when the level is adjusted?

2. A dumpy level was placed at the mid point C of A and B which were 200 ft apart. The readings at A and B were 2.5 ft and 4.6 ft respectively. the instrument was then shifted and placed midway between A and C . The readings at A and B were 3.2 ft and 5.6 ft respectively. Find the corrected readings on A and B.

3. In the two peg test of a dumpy level, the following observations were recorded. Instrument Station Staff Reading A B A 6.42 8.33 B 5.39 7.32 When the instrument is at B, what staff reading on A should be obtained so that the line of collimation be adjusted? 4. There are two set ups of the instrument at A and B. From the position A staff readings on p,p1, p2, p3, p4 and c.p. are 5.42, 7.24, 6.46, 5.38, 6.55 and 6.92 respectively. From the position B staff readings on c.p., p5, p6, p7, p8 and p9 are 8.78, 8.52, 6.24, 5.96, 6.35 and 7.54 respectively. If the R.L. of the bench mark P is 100.00, calculate the reduced levels of the above points by both the height of instrument method, the rise and fall method and apply necessary checks. Draw also the profile of the earth surface through these points.

5. The following is the page of a Level Book. Calculate the missing data and apply necessary checks. Distance Back Inter Fore Rise Fall R.L. 0 4.25 ? 50 7.65 100 9.86 150 ? 11.78 108.6 200 5.84 250 4.96 300 7.24 13.21 105.60 350 6.88 400 ? 103.75 ? s are missing data. 6. A dumpy level was placed at C on a line AB, 2200 ft from A and 4500 ft from B. The back reading on A was 4.98 and the fore reading on B is 12.76. calculate the true difference of level between A and B.

7. The top of the kutubdia lighthouse is visible just above the horizon from a certain place in the Bay of Bengal. The distance of the lighthouse from the observer is 20 miles. Calculate the height of the lighthouse. 8. In the above problem if the height of the observer is 50 ft from the sea level, what is the height of the lighthouse? 9. A Ship having a must 100 ft was leaving the Chittagong port sailing at a speed of 15 miles per hour. How long the ship will be visible from a jetty 10 ft above the sea level. Assume the height of the observer to be 5-6. 10. In the leveling across an irrigation canal, the following observations were made: Staff Reading Instrument Station A B C 6.72 5.86 D 4.96 4.18 If the reduced level of B is 108.92, calculate the R.L. of A.

11. Draw the contour lines for R.L. 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100 and 101. ( see the figure of square or grid system )