POLITICALLAW

and
PUBLICINTERNATIONAL
LAW

GOLDENNOTES2011
UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
FACULTYOFCIVILLAW
MANILA

AcademicYear20112012
CIVILLAWSTUDENTCOUNCIL

LesterJohnA.Lomeda
WilfredoT.Bonilla,Jr.
RaissaS.Saipudin
BernadetteFaustineC.Balao
MarcMikhaeleJ.Santos
VictorLorenzoL.Villanuea

President
VicePresident
Secretary
Treasurer
Auditor
PublicRelationsOfficer

TEAM:BAROPS2011

DianeCamillaR.Borja
CarloArtemusV.Diaz
MaryGraceL.Javier
RonnRobbyD.Rosales
MarkArthurM.Catabona
AngeliP.Albaa
VicenteO.PlatonIII
KimverlyA.Ong

Chairperson
ViceChairperson
Secretary
LogisticsCommitteeHead
Asst.LogisticsCommitteeHead
FinanceCommitteeHead
HotelAccommodationsHead
Asst.HotelAccommodationsHead

The UST GOLDEN NOTES is a student-edited work of the University

of Santo Tomas, Faculty of Civil Law. It is updated annually.
Communications regarding the NOTES should be addressed to the
Academics Committee of the Team: Bar-Ops.
ADDRESS:

TEL. NO.:

Team Bar-Ops
Academics Committee
Faculty of Civil Law
University of Santo Tomas
Espaa, Manila 1008
(02) 731-4027
(02) 4061611 loc. 8578

2011ACADEMICSCOMMITTEE

LesterJayAlanE.FloresII
KarenJoyG.Sabugo
JohnHenryC.Mendoza
JeanelleC.Lee
TheenaC.Martinez
EarlLouieM.Masacayan

Chairperson
ViceChairforAcademics
ViceChairforAcademics
ViceChairforAdministrationandFinance
ViceChairforLayoutandDesign
ViceChairforLayoutandDesign

POLITICALLAWCOMMITTEE

RachelMarieL.Felices
WivinoE.BraceroII
HerazeusChristineY.Uy
LawrencePauloH.Aquino
LeandroRodelV.Atienza
MarinethEasterAnD.Ayos
CarloR.Bala
WilfredoT.Bonilla,Jr.
KeelAchernarR.Dinoy
AprilV.Enrile
AnabellaD.Hernandez
KennethJamesCarloC.Hizon
JoseMarieG.Mendoza
RogerChristopherR.Reyes
RomilindaC.Sibal
JasminM.Sison
ZarahPatriciaT.Suarez
RalphJuliousL.Villamor

PoliticalLawCommitteeHead
Asst.PoliticalLawCommitteeHead
Asst.PoliticalLawCommitteeHead
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member

ADVISER

Atty.EdwinR.Sandoval

FACULTYOFCIVILLAW
UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
AcademicYear20112012

ACADEMICOFFICIALS

Atty.NILOT.DIVINA
Dean

Rev.Fr.ISIDROC.ABAO,O.P.
Regent

Atty.MARIANJOANNEK.COPUA
FacultySecretary

Atty.ELGINMICHAELC.PEREZ
LegalCounsel
USTChiefJusticeRobertoConcepcionLegalAidClinic

JudgePHILIPA.AGUINALDO
SWDBCoordinator

LENYG.GADIANA,RGC
GuidanceCounselor

Ourdeepestappreciationtoour
Mentors&Inspiration

JusticeOswaldoD.Agcaoili
Atty.PedroJoseF.Bernardo
Atty.EnriqueV.DelaCruz,Jr.
Atty.JoevenD.Dellosa
Atty.ReneB.Gorospe
JusticeAmyC.Javier
Atty.MarlonJ.Manuel
JudgeMyraB.Quiambao
Atty.EdwinR.Sandoval
Atty.MauricioC.Ulep
JusticeRosalindaA.Vicente

For activating our magnets of curiosity, knowledge and

wisdom and helping us understand the intricate
sphere of Political Law.

AcademicsCommittee2011

DISCLAIMER

Theriskofuse,nonuseandmisuseof
thismaterialshallbebornesolely
bytheuser.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SYLLABUSFOR2011BAREXAMINATIONS
POLITICALLAW

November6,2011
(FirstSunday,Morning)

A.

TheConstitution
1. Definition,NatureandConcepts
2. Parts
3. AmendmentsandRevisions
a. R.A.6735(InitiativeandreferendumLaw)
4. SelfExecutingandNonSelfExecutingProvisions

B.

GeneralConsiderations
1. NationalTerritory
a. ArchipelagicDoctrine
2. StateImmunity
3. PrinciplesandPolicies
4. SeparationofPowers
5. ChecksandBalances
6. DelegationofPowers
7. FormsofGovernment

LegislativeDepartment
1. HousesofCongress
a. Compositions,QualificationsandTermsofOffice
b. HouseofRepresentatives
a) DistrictRepresentativesandQuestionsofApportionment
b) PartyListSystem
2. LegislativePrivileges,InhibitionsandDisqualifications
a. ParliamentaryImmunitiesandPrivileges
b. IncompatibleandForbiddenOffices
c. ParliamentaryInhibitionsandDisqualifications
3. Sessions
4. InternalGovernmentofCongress
a. Quorum
b. MajorityVote
5. DisciplineofMembers
6. ElectoralTribunalsandtheCommissiononAppointments
7. PowersofCongress
a. Legislative
b. PowerofAppropriation
c. LegislativeInquiries
d. PowerofOversight
8. LegislativeProcessandtheBicameralConferenceCommittee
9. LimitationsonLegislativePower
a. LimitationsonRevenue,AppropriationsandTariffMeasures
b. PresidentialVetoandCongressionalOverride
10. NonLegislativePowers

ExecutiveDepartment
1. Privileges,InhibitionsandDisqualifications
a. ImmunityandPrivileges
(1) ExecutiveImmunity
(2) ExecutivePrivilege
b. Prohibitions,InhibitionsandDisqualifications
2. PowersofthePresident

C.

D.

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a.
b.

E.

F.

G.

ExecutiveandAdministrativePowersinGeneral
AppointingPower
(1) InGeneral
(2) CommissiononAppointmentsConfirmation
(3) MidnightAppointments
c. PowerofRemoval
d. PowerofControlandSupervision
(1) DoctrineofQualifiedPoliticalAgency
(2) ExecutiveDepartmentsandOffices
(3) LocalGovernmentUnits
e. CommanderinChiefPower
f. PardoningPower
g. DiplomaticPower
h. BudgetaryPower
i.
ResidualPower
j.
ImpoundmentPower

JudicialDepartment
1. JudicialPower
2. JudicialReview
a. OperativeFactDoctrine
b. MootQuestions
c. PoliticalQuestionDoctrine
3. JudicialIndependenceSafeguards
4. JudicialRestraint
5. AppointmentstotheJudiciary
6. SupremeCourt
a. EnBancandDivisionCases
b. ProceduralRuleMakingPower
c. AdministrativeSupervisionOverLowerCourts

ConstitutionalCommissions
1. InstitutionalIndependenceSafeguards
2. Concepts,CompositionandFunctions
a. CivilServiceCommission
b. CommissiononElections
c. CommissiononAudit
3. JudicialReview
4. QuasiJudicialFunctions

BillofRights
1. FundamentalPowersoftheState
a. PolicePower
b. EminentDomain
c. Taxation
2. PrivateActsandtheBillofRights
3. DueProcess
a. ProceduralandSubstantiveDueProcess
b. ProceduralDueProcess
c. ConstitutionalandStatutoryDueProcess
d. HierarchyofRights
e. JudicialStandardsofReview
f. VoidforVaguenessDoctrine
4. EqualProtectionofLaws
a. Concept
b. RequisitesforValidClassification
5. SearchesandSeizures
a. WarrantRequirement

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6.
7.

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9.

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13.

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16.

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19.

20.
21.

b. WarrantlessArrests
c. WarrantlessSearches
d. AdministrativeArrests
e. Drug,Alcohol,andBloodTests
RighttoPrivacyofCommunicationsandCorrespondence
FreedomofExpression
a. PriorRestraint
b. SubsequentPunishment
c. ContentBased&ContentNeutralRegulation
d. FacialChallengesandOverbreadthDoctrine
e. Tests
f. StateRegulationofDifferentTypesofMassMedia
g. CommercialSpeech
h. Privatev.GovernmentSearch
i.
HecklersVeto
FreedomofAssemblyandPetition
FreedomofReligion
a. NonestablishmentClause
b. FreeExerciseClause
LibertyofAbodeandRighttoTravel
a. Limitations
b. ReturntoOnesCountry
RighttoInformationandAccesstoPublicRecords
a. Limitations
b. PublicationofLawsandRegulations
c. AccesstoCourtRecords
d. GovernmentContractNegotiations
e. DiplomaticNegotiations
FreedomofAssociation
EminentDomain
a. AbandonmentofIntendedUseandRightofRepurchase
b. MiscellaneousApplication
ContractClause
LegalAssistanceandFreeAccesstoCourts
RightsofSuspects
a. Availability
b. Waiver
c. Requisites
d. REPUBLICACTNo.7438
e. AntiTortureActof2009(RA9745)
RightsoftheAccused
a. CriminalDueProcess
b. RighttoBail
c. PresumptionofInnocence
d. RighttobeHeardbyHimselfandCounsel
e. RighttobeInformedoftheNatureandCauseofAccusation
f. RighttoSpeedy,ImpartialandPublic
g. RighttoMeettheWitnessesFacetoFace
h. Right to Compulsory Process to Secure Attendance of Witness and
ProductionofEvidence
i.
TrialinAbsentia
PrivilegeofWritofHabeasCorpus
a. WritofAmparo
RightAgainstSelfIncrimination
a. ScopeandCoverage
b. ImmunityStatutes
RightAgainstInvoluntaryServitude
ProhibitedPunishmentandPoliticalPrisoners

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

H.
I.

J.

K.

22. NonImprisonmentforDebts
23. DoubleJeopardy
24. ExPostFactoLawsandBillsofAttainder

Citizenship=

LawonPublicOfficers
1. GeneralPrinciples
2. ModesofAcquiringTitletoPublicOffice
3. ModesandKindsofAppointment
4. EligibilityandQualificationRequirements
5. DisabilitiesandInhibitionsofPublicOfficers
6. PowersandDutiesofPublicOfficers
7. RightsofPublicOfficers
8. LiabilitiesofPublicOfficers
a. PreventiveSuspensionandBackSalaries
b. IllegalDismissal,ReinstatementandBackSalaries
9. ImmunityofPublicOfficers
10. PublicOfficers
a. DeFactoOfficers
b. TerminationofOfficialRelation
11. TheCivilService
12. AccountabilityofPublicOfficers
a. Impeachment
b. Ombudsman
(1) PowersandDuties
(2) JudicialReviewinAdministrativeProceedings
(3) JudicialReviewinPenalProceedings
c. Sandiganbayan
d. IllGottenWealth

AdministrativeLaw
1. GeneralPrinciples
2. CreationofAdministrativeBodiesandAgencies
3. PowersofAdministrativeAgencies
a. QuasiLegislative(RuleMaking)Power
b. QuasiJudicial(Adjudicatory)Power
(1) AdministrativeDueProcess
(2) AdministrativeAppealandReview
(3) AdministrativeResJudicata
c. Licensing,RateFixingandFactFindingPowers
d. DeterminativePowers
4. JudicialRecourseandReview
a. DoctrineofPrimaryAdministrativeJurisdiction
b. DoctrineofExhaustionofAdministrativeRemedies
c. DoctrineofRipenessforReview
d. DoctrineofFinalityofAdministrativeAction
e. JudicialRelieffromThreatenedAdministrativeAction
f. JudicialReviewofAdministrativeAction
ElectionLaw
1. Suffrage
2. QualificationandDisqualificationofVoters
3. RegistrationofVoters
4. InclusionandExclusionProceedings
5. PoliticalParties
6. Candidates
a. QualificationsofCandidates

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
b. FilingofCertificatesofCandidacy
Campaign
a. PrematureCampaigning
b. ProhibitedContributions
8. BoardofCanvassers
9. RemediesandJurisdictioninElectionLaw
a. PetitionNottoGiveDueCoursetoCertificateofCandidacy
b. PetitiontoDeclareFailureofElections
c. PreProclamationControversies
d. ElectionProtests
e. QuoWarranto
10. ProsecutionofElectionOffenses

L. LocalGovernments
1. PublicCorporations
2. MunicipalCorporations
3. Creation
4. Division,MergerorAbolition
5. LocalGovernmentCode
a. PrinciplesofLocalAutonomy
b. GeneralPowersandAttributesofaLocalGovernmentUnit
(1) PolicePower
(2) EminentDomain
(3) Taxation
(4) ClosureofRoads
(5) LocalLegislativePower
c. LocalInitiativeandReferendum
6. CorporatePowers
7. MunicipalLiability
8. SettlementofBoundaryDisputes
9. LocalOfficials
a. ElectiveOfficials
b. VacanciesandSuccession
c. DisciplinaryActions
d. Recall
e. TermLimits
f. AppointiveOfficials
g. ProvisionsApplicabletoElectiveandAppointiveOfficials
10. IntergovernmentalRelations

M. NationalEconomyandPatrimony
1. RegalianDoctrine
2. NationalistandCitizenshipRequirementProvisions
3. Exploration,DevelopmentandUtilizationofNaturalResources
4. Franchises,AuthorityandCertificatesforPublicUtilities
5. Acquisition,OwnershipandTransferofPublicandPrivateLands
6. PracticeofProfessions
7. OrganizationandRegulationofCorporations,PrivateandPublic
8. Monopolies,RestraintofTradeandUnfairCompetition

N. SocialJusticeandHumanRights
1. Concept
2. CommissiononHumanRights

O. Education,Science,Technology,Arts,CultureandSports
1. AcademicFreedom

P. PublicInternationalLaw
7.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Concepts
InternationalandNationalLaw
Sources
Subjects
DiplomaticandConsularLaw
Treaties
NationalityandStatelessness
TreatmentofAliens
a. Extradition
InternationalHumanRightsLaw
InternationalHumanitarianLaw(IHL)andNeutrality
a. CategoriesofArmedConflicts
(1) InternationalArmedConflicts
(2) InternalorNonInternationalArmedConflict
(3) WarofNationalLiberation
b. CoreInternationalObligationsofStatesinIHL
c. PrinciplesofIHL
(1) TreatmentofCivilians
(2) PrisonersofWar
d. LawonNeutrality
LawoftheSea
a. Baselines
b. ArchipelagicStates
(1) StraightArchipelagicBaselines
(2) ArchipelagicWaters
(3) ArchipelagicSeaLanesPassage
c. InternalWaters
d. TerritorialSea
e. ExclusiveEconomicZone
f. ContinentalShelf
(1) ExtendedContinentalShelf
g. TribunaloftheLawoftheSea
InternationalEnvironmentLaw
a. Principle21oftheStockholmDeclaration
InternationalCourtofJustice
InternationalCriminalCourt

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Index

Bibliography

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10.

11.

12.
13.
14.

Q.
R.