******************************************** * * * Highway Curves * * * * Version 2.0 * * * * Copyright 1992, 93 by Frank M.

DeBlanc * * * ********************************************

This program is used to solve horizontal curves (circular, compound, & spiral) and vertical curves.

The author of this program is: Frank M. DeBlanc 2202 Mary Margaret Drive St. Martinville, Louisiana 70582

Table of Contents Disclaimer......................................................Page 1 User Supported Software Concept.................................Page 1 Files Used With Highway Curves Version 2.0......................Page 2 Introduction....................................................Page 2 First Time Use..................................................Page 3 Horizontal Curves...............................................Page 3 Vertical Curves.................................................Page 6 Compound Curves.................................................Page 8 Tools & Spiral Curves...........................................Page 8 Options.........................................................Page 10

Highway Curves Version 2.0 User Supported Software -------------------------------Registration and Order Form -------------------------------Registration of currently used Highway Curves.................$42.00 Version Number 2.0 Number of Copies.............................................._________ Total........................................................._________ Disk size required Your Address: __________________________________________ Name __________________________________________ Address __________________________________________ City __________________________________________ State Zip ----------------------------------------------------------------------I obtained my copy of Highway Curves from: _______________________________________________________________________ ----------------------------------------------------------------------Send Order To: Frank M. DeBlanc 2202 Mary Margaret Drive St. Martinville, Louisiana 70582 ----------------------------------------------------------------------720 k - 3.5" _____ 1.2 M - 5.25" _____ 1.44 M - 3.5" _____

========================================================================= Highway Curves Version 2.0 Copyright 1992, 93 by Frank DeBlanc Page 1 ========================================================================= -----------------------------------------------------------------------Disclaimer -----------------------------------------------------------------------FRANK M. DEBLANC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES RELATING TO THIS SOFTWARE, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND ALL SUCH WARRANTIES ARE EXPRESSLY AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMED. NEITHER FRANK M. DEBLANC NOR ANYONE ELSE WHO HAS BEEN INVOLVED IN THE CREATION, PRODUCTION, OR DELIVERY OF THIS SOFTWARE SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE SUCH SOFTWARE EVEN IF FRANK M. DEBLANC HAD BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES OR CLAIMS. IN NO EVENT SHALL FRANK M. DEBLANC'S LIABILITY FOR ANY DAMAGES EVER EXCEED THE PRICE PAID FOR THE LICENSE TO USE THE SOFTWARE, REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF CLAIM. THE PERSON USING THE SOFTWARE BEARS ALL RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE SOFTWARE. Some states do not allow the exclusion of the limit of liability for consequential or incidental damages, so the above limitation may not be apply to you. This agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of Louisiana and shall inure to the benefit of Frank M. DeBlanc and any successors, administrators, heirs and assigns. Any action proceeding brought by either party against the other arising out of or related to this agreement shall be brought only in a STATE or FEDERAL COURT of competent jurisdiction closest to St. Martin Parish, Louisiana. The parties hereby consent to in personam jurisdiction of said courts. ******************************************************************** -----------------------------------------------------------------------User Supported Software Concept -----------------------------------------------------------------------This program, Highway Curves, is being distributed under the "Shareware" concept under which an individual or firm using this program and finding it of value will voluntarily compensate the writer of the program. Users of this program are encouraged to copy this program and give it to others who will find it useful. If you find this program of value, then the cost is $42. Upon receipt of your payment, you will become a registered owner of Highway Curves. I will then send you a copy of the program that is registered. You will receive free technical support for 90 days.

========================================================================= Highway Curves Version 2.0 Copyright 1992, 93 by Frank DeBlanc Page 2 ========================================================================= Registered users can also update to later versions for a nominal upgrade fee of $12.00. The author of this program is: Frank M. DeBlanc 2202 Mary Margaret Drive St. Martinville, Louisiana 70572 Please write to me at the above address if you have any comments about the program or if you need more information. Or send me a message via CompuServe [70713,640]. ******************************************************************** -----------------------------------------------------------------------Files used with Highway Curves -----------------------------------------------------------------------HWY.EXE README.DOC PRINTDOC.BAT SCOLOR.DAT Used This File File to start Highway Curves. documentation file. to print out the documentation. for options.

************************************************************************ -----------------------------------------------------------------------Introduction -----------------------------------------------------------------------The purpose of this program is to solve Horizontal and Vertical highway curves. Highway Curves will save time solving highway curve problems. Different combinations of solutions of highway curves are possible with this program. Although you may never use all the possible combinations they are there just in case.

========================================================================= Highway Curves Version 2.0 Copyright 1992, 93 by Frank DeBlanc Page 3 ========================================================================= -----------------------------------------------------------------------First Time Use -----------------------------------------------------------------------Before using Highway Curves for the first time, it is a good idea to make a backup copy. When using on a hard drive please place the files in a subdirectory. DO NOT place files in the root (C:\) directory. Example: C:\hwy20 [possible directory to place files] To copy files to this directory: copy *.* c:\hwy20 ************************************************************************ -----------------------------------------------------------------------Horizontal Curves -----------------------------------------------------------------------Glossary of Terms: Horizontal Curve: a curve on level ground changing the direction of two highway tangents. (circular arc). PC: point of curvature - the place where the first tangent ends and the curve begins. PT: point of tangency - the place where the curve ends and the second tangent begins. PI: point of intersection - point where the two tangents intersect. Delta: interior angle Degree of Curve: the interior angle which subtends a 100 foot arc. Radius: radius of curve or arc (distance from center of circle to a point on the circle or arc). Long Chord: the straight distance (feet) from the PC to PT. Tangent: the straight distance (feet) from PC to PI (also, PI to PT) Middle Ordinate: the distance (feet) from the curve midpoint to the midpoint of the long chord. External: the distance from the PI to the midpoint of the curve. Length of Arc: the length of the curve from PC to PT. POC: point on curve (any point on the curve). ------------------------------------------------------------------------

========================================================================= Highway Curves Version 2.0 Copyright 1992, 93 by Frank DeBlanc Page 4 ========================================================================= Equations used to solve problems involving circular curves. The value of pi used for this program is: 3.141592653589793 All variables are double precision (accurate to 15 or 16 digits). Degree of Curve & Delta are in DECIMAL degrees. Radius, Tangent, External, Middle Ordinate, Long Chord, Length of arc are in feet. Degree of Curve = (18000)/((pi)(Radius)) Radius = (18000)/((pi)(Degree of Curve)) Tangent = (Radius)(tan(Delta/2)) External = (Radius)(tan(Delta/2))(tan(Delta/4)) Middle Ordinate = (Radius)(1 - cos(Delta/2)) Long Chord = (2)(Radius)(sin(Delta/2)) Length of Arc = ((Radius)(pi)(Delta))/(180) -----------------------------------------------------------------Possible Solutions for Horizontal Curves: (Any curve can be solved if any two of the following are known) delta & degree of curve delta & tangent delta & radius delta & external delta & middle ordinate delta & long chord delta & length of arc degree of curve & tangent degree of curve & external degree of curve & middle ordinate degree of curve & long chord degree of curve & length of arc tangent & radius tangent & external tangent & middle ordinate tangent & long chord tangent & length of arc

========================================================================= Highway Curves Version 2.0 Copyright 1992, 93 by Frank DeBlanc Page 5 ========================================================================= radius & external radius & middle ordinate radius & long chord radius & length of arc external & middle ordinate external & long chord external & length of arc middle ordinate & long chord middle ordinate & length of arc long chord & length of arc POC & delta POC & radius POC & degree of curve POC & tangent -------------------------------------------------------------------Input Comments: How to input degree of curve or delta? Input degrees first (as whole number) then hit return. Input minutes next (as whole number only) then hit return. Input seconds last (decimal numbers allowed) then hit return. What about stations? Input stations If you input If you input If you input with the plus (+) or without the plus. 33 then the station will be 33+00 33. then the station will be +33.00 33+ then the station will be 33+00

Limited to 900 stations. -----------------------------------------------------------------Output Comments: OS 1 - stands for your first offset distance (from centerline) OS 2 - stands for your second offset distance (from centerline) -OS -OS +OS +OS 1 2 1 2 (means (means (means (means the the the the distance distance distance distance is is is is subtracted from the centerline radius) subtracted from the centerline radius) added to the centerline radius) added to the centerline radius)

c1 chord distance from PC to first station after the PC. (for 25 ft inc) c25 chord distance for 25 foot arc length. c2 chord distance from station before PT to the PT. (for 25 ft inc) TO PRINT: Hold down the control key and press <return> on the menu instead of just <return>. You can also press the right button on the mouse.

========================================================================= Highway Curves Version 2.0 Copyright 1992, 93 by Frank DeBlanc Page 6 ========================================================================= c1 chord distance from PC to first station after the PC. (for 50 ft inc) c50 chord distance for 50 foot arc length. c2 chord distance from station before PT to the PT. (for 50 ft inc) c1 chord distance from PC to first station after the PC. (for 100 ft inc) c100 chord distance for 100 foot arc length. c2 chord distance from station before PT to the PT. (for 100 ft inc) -----------------------------------------------------------------------Vertical Curves -----------------------------------------------------------------------Glossary of Terms: Vertical Curve - used to connect sections of highways or railroads of differing gradient. Crest Curve - a curve that connects as upgrade tangent to a downgrade tangent. Sag Curve - a curve that connects a downgrade tangent to an upgrade tangent. PVC - point of vertical curvature, beginning of curve. PVI - point of vertical intersection of grades on either side of curve. PVT - point of vertical tangency, end of curve. g1 - grade at beginning of curve, ft/ft (input as percent) g2 - grade at end of curve, ft/ft (input as percent) L - length of curve, ft R - rate of change of grade, ft per ft squared V - elevation of PVI, ft EO - elevation of PVC, ft ET - elevation of PVT, ft x - distance of any point on the curve from the PVC, ft EX - elevation of point x distant from PVC, ft xs - distance from PVC to lowest point on a sag curve or highest point on a crest curve, ft. ES - elevation of lowest point on a sag curve or highest point on a crest curve, ft. Constant - the constant referred to in the program is the amount you want added or subtracted from the centerline grade. Example: You have a centerline grade at station 30+00 of 45 feet. You want the grade a distance of 20 feet to the right of the centerline. The cross slope is - 0.025 ft/ft. Therefore, (20)x(-0.025) = -.5 ft. The constant in this example would be -.5 The grade at this offset is 45 - .5 = 44.5

========================================================================= Highway Curves Version 2.0 Copyright 1992, 93 by Frank DeBlanc Page 7 =========================================================================

------------------------------------------------------------Equations used to solve problems involving circular curves. The value of pi used for this program is: 3.141592653589793 All variables are double precision (accurate to 15 or 16 digits). g1 & g2 in the following equations are not used as percents. R = (g2 - g1)/(L) EO = V - (1/2)(L)(g1) EX = EO + (g1)(x) + (1/2)(R)(x)(x) XS = -g1/R (If XS if negative or if XS > L, the curve does not have a high point or a low point) ES = EO - ((g1)(g1))/(2R) -----------------------------------------------------------------Possible Solutions for Vertical Curves PVC PVC PVC PVC PVI PVI PVI PVI PVT PVT PVT PVT & & & & & & & & & & & & PVC PVC PVC PVC PVI PVI PVI PVI PVT PVT PVT PVT grade, grade, grade, grade, grade, grade, grade, grade, grade, grade, grade, grade, g1%, g1%, g1%, g2%, g1%, g1%, g1%, g2%, g1%, g1%, g1%, g2%, g2% , Length of Curve g2% , Known Pt. on Curve & Grade Length of Curve, Known Pt. of Curve & Grade Length of Curve, Known Pt. of Curve & Grade g2% , Length of Curve g2% , Known Pt. on Curve & Grade Length of Curve, Known Pt. of Curve & Grade Length of Curve, Known Pt. of Curve & Grade g2% , Length of Curve g2% , Known Pt. on Curve & Grade Length of Curve, Known Pt. of Curve & Grade Length of Curve, Known Pt. of Curve & Grade

========================================================================= Highway Curves Version 2.0 Copyright 1992, 93 by Frank DeBlanc Page 8 ========================================================================= -----------------------------------------------------------------------Compound Curves -----------------------------------------------------------------------Glossary of Terms compound curve - consists of two or more simple horizontal curves with different radii joined together at a common tangent point. Their centers are on the same side of the curves. PCC - Point of Common Curvature - the point of common tangency. Also, the point where the two arcs intersect. ************************************************************************ -----------------------------------------------------------------------Tools & Spiral Curves -----------------------------------------------------------------------Tools: Decimal Degrees to DMS Converts Decimal Degrees to Degrees Minutes Seconds (DMS) format. DMS to Decimal Degrees Converts Degrees Minutes Seconds (DMS) format to Decimal Degrees. Angle Sum Adds two angles in DMS format. Angle Difference Subtracts two angles in DMS format. Trapizoidal Transition Given a simple roadway transition: Begin Transition: 34+55.33 12 ft wide to End Transition: 55+01.22 24 ft wide The program will find the offset for each station between the beginning and ending stations. Also, the program will give distances along the transition (not parallel with centerline).

========================================================================= Highway Curves Version 2.0 Copyright 1992, 93 by Frank DeBlanc Page 9 ========================================================================= Herons Formula Solves for the area of a triangle given the lengths of it's three sides. Area-Circular Sector Find the area of a circular sector. Area-Annulus Find the area of a circular annulus. Spiral Curve Layout Glossary of Terms TS SC CS ST LC LT ST = = = = = = = point of change from tangent to spiral. point of change from spiral to circle. point of change from circle to spiral. point of change from spiral to tangent. chord distance from TS to SC or ST to CS. long tangent short tangent

delta = intersection angle, total central angle. degree = degree of curve of shifted circle to which the spiral becomes tangent at the SC. theta spiral = central angle of spiral, 'spiral angle'. delta circle = central angle of circular arc extending from SC to CS. radius = radius of circular curve. p = offset from the initial tangent to the PC of the shifted circle. k = abscissa of the shifted PC referred to the TS. Program will give deflection angles other curve data from TS to SC and then from ST to CS. If you need data on the circular part use the other portion of the program: horizontal.

========================================================================= Highway Curves Version 2.0 Copyright 1992, 93 by Frank DeBlanc Page 10 ========================================================================= -----------------------------------------------------------------------Options -----------------------------------------------------------------------Options will change the display colors. Option Choices: 1. 2. 3. 4. Background Color Foreground Color Pointer Color First Letter Color

By hitting the enter key you can choose the color of your choice. To exit without saving this color hit the <esc> key. To save this color hold down the control key and press 'q'.