Aries 6: A square brightly lighted on one side

The word square descends from the Indo-European which include pit means cadre, from ( IE ) "four." forty, which root Its fo u r , kw e t w e r p a r o n ym s fo u r t e e n , is

quadrant, quarry (an open excavation or stone o b t a i n e d ), q u a r t , a n d s q u a d . 1 T h e w o r d b r i g h t l y d e s c e n d s f r o m t he I E r o o t b h re g - w hi c h m e a n s t o s h i n e ; b r i g h t , w h i t e . 2 I t s p a r o n y m s i n c l u d e b i r c h a n d fr a x in e l l a , b o t h o f which are plants. The former is a tree known for its wh itish or silver b a r k w h i l e t h e la t t e r i s a "E u r a si a n p e r e n n i a l h e r b wi t h w h i t e f l o we r s t h a t e mi t f la m m a b le v a p o r i n h o t w e a t h e r . " T h e w o r d l i g h t ed d e s c e n d s f r o m t he I E r o o t l eu k - w hi ch m e a n s " li g h t o r b r i g h t n e s s a n d f r o m w h i c h d e s c e n d t h e w o r d s i l l u m in a t e , il l u s t r a t e , l i g h t n in g , l u ce n t , l u c i d , l u m i n a r y , l u n a r , l u st e r , l u x , l yn x , a n d o u n ce . 3 T h e w o r d o n e i s a d e r i v a t i v e o f t h e IE r o o t o i- n o - w h i ch m e a n s " o n e , u n i q u e . " I t s p a r on y m s i n c l u d e a l o n e , a n , e l e v e n , in c h , l o n e , n o n e , o n ce , o n e , o u n c e , u n i q u e , a n d u n it e . 4 F i n a l l y , t h e w o r d s i d e d e s ce n d s f r om t h e I E r o ot s e - 2 w h i c h m e a n s long, late. P a ro n y m s include se r o t in o u s (late in developing or b l o o m i n g ), s o i r e e ( a n e v e n i n g p a r t y o r r e c e p t i on ) , me n h i r ( a s t a n d i n g s t o n e , i . e . a p re h i s t o r i c m o n u m e n t co n s i st i n g o f a s i n gl e , t a l l, u p r i g h t m e g a l i t h ), s i n c e , a n d s y n e ( S c o t s : b e fo r e n o w ; a g o ; a f t e r w a r d ; s i n c e t h e n ; t h e r e u p on ; n e xt ; s i n c e ) . T H E M E S : T h e f i r st t h e m e c on c e r n s B R I G H T NE S S . R e c a l l t h a t t h e d e f i n i t i o n s o f t he r o o t s b h r e g - a n d l e u k r e s p e c t i v e l y , t h e r o o t s o f

1 Watkins, 2 Watkins, 3 Watkins, 4 Watkins,

C. C. C. C.

(2000), (2000), (2000), (2000),

The The The The

American American American American

Heritage Heritage Heritage Heritage

Dictionary Dictionary Dictionary Dictionary

of of of of

Indo Indo Indo Indo

European European European European 1

Roots, Roots, Roots, Roots,

p. p. p. p.

45 59 12 49

Starling Hunter 2011

b r i g h t l y a n d l i gh t ed a r e s y n o n ym o u s . T h e f i r s t m e a n s t o s h i n e ; b r i g h t , w hi t e w h i le t h e la t t e r m e a n s l i g h t o r b r i g h t n e ss . A s e c o n d t he m e c on c e r n s O U N C E S . R e c a l l t h a t a m o n g t h e p a r o n y m s of l i g h t ed a r e t h e wo r d s l y n x (a s h o r t - t a i l e d w i l d c a t m os t n o t e d f o r i t s g l e a m i n g e y e s a n d / o r a b i l i t y t o s e e a t n i g h t ) a n d o u n c e ( t h e L a t i n n a me f o r l y n x ; a c e r t a i n t y p e o f sn o w l e op a r d ) . 5 A n o t h e r se n se o f o u n ce i s t he p a r o n y m o f o n e o u n ce a s a u n i t o f we i g h t o r m e a s u r e me n t . A t h i r d t h e m e c on c e r n s M E A S U R E S O F V O LU M E o r c a p a c i t y . Re c a l l t h a t on e o f t h e p a r o n y m s o f s q u a re i s t he w o r d q u a r t , a me a s u r e o f v o l u m e o r c a p a c i t y e q u a l t o 3 2 o u n c e s . A m o n g t h e p a ro n y m s o f o n e a r e inch and ounce. A f o u r t h t h e m e co n c e r n s S TO N E S . O n e o f t h e p a r o n y m s o f s i d e i s m e n h i r , t h e m a s si v e st a n d i n g s t o n e s o r m e g a l i t h s c o mm o n t o n o rt h e rn F r a n c e a n d t h e B ri t i s h I s le s. A m o n g t h e p a r o n y m s o f sq u a r e i s qu a r r y , a n op e n e x ca v a t i o n o r p i t f r o m w h i c h s t o n e i s o b t a i n e d b y d i g g i n g, c u t t i n g, o r b la s t i n g. 6 G i v e n t h a t t w o w o r d s r e l a t e t o i l l u mi n a t i o n a n d t w o o t h e r s r e l a t e t o n u m b e r a n d m e a su r e m e n t , a n o t h e r i n t e g r a t i n g t h e m i s P H O TO M E T R Y , the measurement of the p r o p e rt i e s of light, especially luminous intensity.7

5 http://www.tigertouch.org/images/cats/snow_leopard2.jpg 6 http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/quarry_2 7 http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/photometry Starling Hunter 2011 2