Submitted to :Mr.

Gursharan Singh Tatla Faculty PCTE

Submitted by :Harpreet singh(281) Shivani Gautam Shweta Astha Dhawan

CONTENTS

S.no . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

DESCRIPTION Cabinet Motherboard Socket and Slots CPU Socket Ram Slot Hard Disk IDE Connector SATA Hard Disk Connector PCI Slots Motherboard Ports Microprocessor Heat Sink RAM Hard Disk >IDE Hard disk >SATA Hard Disk CD/DVD Drive Floppy Drive Power Supply USB Flash Drive

P.NO.

Cabinet

A computer cabinet also known as a computer case, box or case is the enclosure that contains most of the components of a computer. A computer case is sometimes incorrectly referred to metonymously as a CPU or Hard Drive referring to components housed within the case. CPU was a more common term in the earlier days of home computers. Cabinet can come in many different sizes. The size and shape of a computer case is usually determined by the form factor of the motherboard, since it is the largest component of most computers. A cabinet contains the maximum components of a computer to protect them from dust and from any other harm. It is used to keep all components attached together like Motherboard, Hard disk, DVD drive, Processor, RAM etc.

Here is a open cabinet showing that how the internal components of a computer attached inside the cabinet. And showing which components are there in the computer cabinet and how they are attached actually.

Motherboard

A motherboard is the central printed circuit board (PCB) in many modern computers and holds many of the crucial components of the system, while providing connectors for other peripherals. The motherboard is sometimes alternatively known as the main board, system board, or, on apple computers, the logic board, A typical desktop computer has its microprocessor, main memory and other essential components connected to the motherboard. Other components such as external storage controllers for video display and sound, and peripheral devices may be attached to the motherboard as plug-in cards or via cables, although in modern computers it is increasingly common to integrate some of these peripherals into the motherboard itself.

Sockets or Slots
As all the components of a computer are attached to mother board so for this purpose to attaching these components motherboard hav many connectors or slots on it. There are different slots for different devices.

CPU SOCKET

A CPU socket is a electrical component that attaches to a Motherboard and is designed to house a Microprocessor. It is a special type of integrated circuit socket designed for very high pin counts. A CPU socket provides many functions, including providing a physical structure to support the CPU, providing support for a heat sink, facilitating replacement and most importantly forming an electrical interface both with the CPU and the Motherboard.

RAM Slot

A RAM Slot is a component that provides a base for Ram chip to be fitted in it. There may be two or more than two Ram Slots on a motherboard depending upon the motherboard. If we want to increase the RAM we can use this extra Ram Slots and can fit another RAM chip in these RAM Slots.

Here are four RAM slots on this Motherboard so we can attach 4 RAM chips on this motherboard.

Hard disk Connector

IDE Hard disk

These pin1 and pin2 are the hard disk slots which are used to connect IDE hard disk to the mother board. A cable is there which is used to connect hard disk to the motherboard through these slots. These slots are also use to connect IDE CD or DVD drive to mother board. Here also a cable like hard disk cable is used to connect the CD or DVD drive to motherboard.

SATA Hard disk

Here these connectors are the SATA hard disk slots used to connect SATA Hard disk to the motherboard. Here a USB like cable is used to connect SATA Hard disk to the motherboard. These slots are also used to connect SATA CD or DVD drive to the motherboard. A same cable like SATA Hard disk cable is used to connect the SATA CD or DVD drive.

PCI Slots

The name PCI formed from Peripheral Component Interconnect. PCI is a computer bus for attaching hardware devices in a computer. These devices can take either the form of an integrated circuit fitted onto the motherboard itself, called a planar device in the PCI specification, or an expansion card that fits into a slot. Typical PCI cards used in PCs include: Network cards, sound cards, modems, extra ports such as USB or serial, TV tuner cards and disk controller and video cards etc.

Motherboard Ports

These are the motherboard ports which are visible at the back side of cabinet. These ports are used to connect all the input and output devices to the motherboard. Devices like Mouse, Keyboard, Monitor, speakers. Printer, etc

Micro Processor

A microprocessor incorporates most or all of the functions of a computers central processing unit (CPU) on a single integrated circuit (IC, or microchip). The first microprocessors emerged in the early 1970s and were used for electronic calculator, using binary coded decimal arithmetic in 4-bit words.

There is a socket on motherboard for microprocessor in which we fits the microprocessor it is made like this that the microprocessor easily settle in it.

There are different motherboards for different processors the motherboards are made accordingly to the shape and size of microprocessor.

Here it is shown how a microprocessor is fitted inside the motherboard.

Heat sink

A heat sink is a term for a component or assembly that transfers heat generated within a solid material to a fluid medium, such as air or a liquid. Examples of heat sinks are the heat exchangers used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems and the radiator in a car. Heat sink help to cool the microprocessor as it becom very hot when it is working. A fan is used on the top of heat sink to cool down the heat coming out from microprocessor.

RAM

Random-access memory (RAM) is a form of computer data storage. Today, it takes the form of integrated circuits that allow stored data to be accessed in any order. "Random" refers to the idea that any piece of data can be returned in a constant time, regardless of its physical location and whether or not it is related to the previous piece of data.

Hard disk

A hard disk drive is a non-volatile memory device for digital data. It features one or more rotating rigid platters on a motor-driven spindle within a metal case. Data is encoded magnetically by read/write heads that float on a cushion of air above the platters.

IDE Hard disk

The difference between IDE and SATA Hard disk is the difference OF there connectors the IDE Hard disk have pins at its back to connect a cable which connects it to

motherboard and the SATA Hard disk have a USB like port at its back to connect a cable to motherboard.

SATA Hard disk

CD \ DVD Drive

In computing, an optical disc drive (ODD) is a disk drive that uses laser light or electromagnetic waves near the light spectrum as part of the process of reading or writing data to or from optical discs. Some drives can only read from discs, but recent drives are commonly both readers and recorders. Recorders are sometimes called burners or writers. Compact discs, DVDs , HD DVDs and blu-ray discs are common types of optical media which can be read and recorded by such drives.

Floppy Drive

A floppy disk is a data storage medium that is composed of a disk of thin, flexible magnetic storage medium encased in a square or rectangular plastic shell. Floppy disks are read and written by a floppy disk drive or FDD, Invented by the American information technology company IBM, floppy disks in 8 inch, 5 inch and 3 inch forms enjoyed nearly three decades as a popular and ubiquitous form of data storage and exchange, from the mid-1970s to the late 1990s

Power Supply

A power supply unit (PSU) is the component that supplies power to the other components in a computer. More specifically, a power supply unit is typically designed to convert general-purpose alternating current (AC) electric power from the mains (100127V in North America, parts of South America, Japan, and Taiwan; 220-240V in most of the rest of the world) to usable low-voltage DC power for the internal components of the computer. Some power supplies have a switch to change between 230 V and 115 V. Other models have automatic sensors that switch input voltage automatically, or are able to accept any voltage between those limits.

USB Flash Drive

A USB flash drive consists of a flash memory data storage device integrated with a USB (Universal Serial Bus) 1.1 or 2.0 interface. USB flash drives are typically removable and rewritable, and physically much smaller than a floppy disk. Most weigh less than 30 g (1 oz). Storage capacities in 2010 can be as large as 256 GB with steady improvements in size and price per capacity expected. Some allow 1 million write or erase cycles[ and have a 10-year data retention cycle. USB flash drives are often used for the same purposes as floppy disks were. They are smaller, faster, have thousands of times more capacity, and are more durable and reliable because of their lack of moving parts. Until approximately 2005, most desktop and laptop computers were supplied with floppy disk drives, but most recent equipment has abandoned floppy disk drives in favor of USB ports.