SASEV/SAWWV Na-Oes Betragting

7 Mei 2010

WINE CELLAR SERVICES (PTY) LTD.

Adriaan Oelofse

NATAMYCIN - whats the story -

Latest Buzzword
TCA Cork Taint Brett

Burnt Rubber Aroma

Smoke Taint

TBA Taint

NATAMYCIN
STORY: What do you know about Natamycin? Where can I test it? Apparently in grape concentrate coming from Argentina?

What is Natamycin?
ORIGIN: (DSM Fact sheet)
Antimicrobial substance (antimycotic)
bacterium Streptomyces natalensis - soil micro-organism isolated in Natal naturally occurring and prevents growth of yeasts and moulds Bacteria are not affected by natamycin

no colour, odour or taste

white to yellow crystalline powder

Where is it used?
APPLICATIONS: Food: FDA approved in 1994

Widely used as preservative

- cheeses (whole, shredded, soft cheeses), - Other dairy products (yogurt) - sausages

Some countries - juices, wine Medical: antifungal cream, in eyedrops, lozenges very effective in extremely small quantities prevents growth of most food spoilage moulds and yeasts Natamycin is applied in liquid sprays and dips or as powder

During winemaking ?
USE As antifungal agent (grape concentrate and wine) To prevent re-fermentation in the bottle (semi-sweet wine) To stop alcoholic fermentation Microbial stabilization after bottling
Control Brettanomyces yeast spoilage

LEGISLATION LIQUOR PRODUCTS ACT, ACT 60 OF 1989 Strictly prohibited to export bottled wine containing Natamycin to the EU, USA, Argentina, Chile, Canada, Australia and New Zealand use of Natamycin in certain countries is legal South Africa IMPACT (potential) 40 -50% of SA wine production exported to EU Brand damage & SA Wine Industry damage on international level

Wine problem?
Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee recommended quantities of Natamycin
pose absolutely no threat to food safety or human health not toxic

Recognition:
EU has E number E235 (food additive) US - natamycin

Where is the problem?

not part of approved list of additives by OIV Can now test for it!

Impact (Actual)
Millions R spent on analysis South African wine under spotlight & Rejection costs Alternatives can be costly

Sources of Natamycin
Natamycin
Pimaricin Natamax Delvocid Actistab

In bottle

grape concentrate
corks vineyard additives microbes

winemaking practices

Developments
Wineries implement strict QC protocols
Alternatives

Export Certificates (since 15 Jan 2010)

NDA issue - export certificate and VI1 document Natamycin test compulsory for export

Request from suppliers

Declarations (Products free of Natamycin) COAs (Certificate of Analysis)

CAF Central Analytical Facility Stellenbosch University NDA Department of Agriculture, Division liquor products PAREXEL Bioanalytical lab, Mosselbay Anything positive retested by another lab & instrument, then rejected Sold locally & other markets Treatments investigated Proper paperwork

Analysis of Natamycin

Rejected wines (Natamycin > 5 ug/L)

Lab request (CAF)

Important info
Contamination sources
PRIMARY GRAPE CONCENTRATE, AS DIRECT ADDITIVE SECONDARY wine tanks, during bottling & equipment, paper towels, carton boxes, un-used corks, water Clean: Water, Oak chips, most latest corks More than 5612, 187 positive, 4373 dry wines, Unsure of screwcap numbers, most natural corked and synthetic 12 German wines, all negative Need more Project funded (Dept Chemistry & CAF) Focus: Improved testing method & Breakdown products

Lab analysis

International wines tested

WINETECH

Illegal in EU, Korea, Japan, Chile, USA, AUS, NZ, Canada, Argentina, Georgia

Alternatives
ITS ABOUT MICROBIAL STABILITY!

Potassium sorbate
DMDC Velcorin Sterile filtration/ Cross flow Centrifugation Pasteurization

PEF (Pulsed electric fields)

Potassium Sorbate
GENERAL

Potassium sorbate is the potassium salt of sorbic acid.

Food preservative (E number 202). effective in a variety of applications: food, wine and personal care.

IN WINE
Selective anti-fungal, anti-microbial properties inhibits yeast very effectively not effective against many bacteria Not added during MLF Active LAB metabolise and form Geranium-like smell (irreversible) MUST use with SO2 to control acetic acid and malolactic bacteria

Very stable in wine.

Legal limit: not exceed 200 mg/L

Velcorin DMDC
IN WINE
Dimethyl dicarbonate (DMDC)

approved by FDA, WHO, and EU (Food preservative E number 242) broad spectrum of effectiveness against spoilage microorganisms allowed in South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, EU, USA, others
Bottling process technology to prevent re-fermentation in wines effective against undesirable yeast like Brettanomyces to decrease the amount of SO2 used Breaks down completely into methanol and CO2 in hours Dosages 75 -200 mg/L depending on sugar concentration Added to wines >5g/l RS To help stabilize unfiltered premium wines: No influence on the sensory properties of the wine

THANK YOU
Central Analytical Facility (US) Dept Agriculture: Div Liquor Products Tel: 021 808 5825 Tel: 021 809 0224

THALES WINE CELLAR SERVICES Email: thales@thaleswcs.co.za

Tel: 021 887 1235

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