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Covering the
roong industry
Irelands most comprehensive
range of quality natural roong
products, sourced from leading
manufacturers around the world.
In association with
CI/SfB
Uniclass L5214
September 2008
(47) Ne5
05677_Roofing_Tech_Brochure.indd 2 8/9/08 16:39:06
The lifetime of a building begins with the
choice of materials and for hundreds of
years, architects and designers have been
inspired by the natural beauty of slate.
Through its aesthetic potential and practical
qualities this materials unique character
enhances the architectural vision.
Bangor Blue
Bangor Blue slates are
extracted from some of the
worlds nest deposits at the
Penrhyn quarry in North Wales.
Formed up to 590 million
years ago, each piece of slate
has its own unique ngerprint
that reects the power and
presence of the landscapes
from which it was created.
They are as much a part of
the vernacular landscape of
Ireland as stone walls and
hawthorn hedgerows, and
have roofed crofters cottages
and farmhouses alike. They
adorn many of the countrys
most prestigious and historic
buildings. With such a
pedigree, they are the best
slate by far for todays and
tomorrows roong in Ireland.
In 2008, LBS purchased the Welsh Slate company, bringing
these iconic products into Irish ownership. It is a tting
tribute to the history of Bangor Blue slates in the Irish market
that a local company has invested in their future here and
world-wide, where Welsh Slates are in high demand for
international projects.
05677_Roofing_Tech_Brochure.indd 3 8/9/08 16:39:10
As Welsh Slate produces only natural products from the nest raw
material, each slate has its own unique visual characteristics. Bangor Blue
slates often feature naturally occurring markings which are usually green.
Although this manual is based on the Welsh brands of slate, it can
be used for technical information for all natural slates supplied by
LBS. Where appropriate in the tables, the sizes of non-Welsh slates
are included and clearly marked.
01
05677_Roofing_Tech_Brochure.indd 4 8/9/08 16:39:19
LBS Natural Slate
4
7
5
8
6
9
7
1
8
2
9
3
10
4
5
Types of slate
Forna (Spain)
Penryhn Bangor Blue (Wales)
Westmorland Green (England)
Leon (Spain)
Burlington Blue/Grey (England)
La Barrosa (Spain)
Vigo (Spain)
Vermont Green (USA)
Sierra (Spain)
11
*Please note that Rio slates must be hook-xed. They should be cut using a suitable
power saw and any holes required should be drilled and not punched. (see page 9)
05677_Roofing_Tech_Brochure.indd 5 16/9/08 12:40:50
3 2 1
11
Rio Green (Brazil)*
6
Rio Black (Brazil)*
10
C
M
Y
CM
MY
CY
CMY
K
C
M
Y
CM
MY
CY
CMY
K
In addition to the aesthetic
qualities of Welsh slate, the
material also benets from
a number of highly practical
properties. It is exceptionally
durable, unaffected by normal
extremes of temperature and is
highly resistant to acids, alkalis
and other chemicals. It retains
Geology of Slate
Slate is a metamorphic rock
that started life hundreds of
millions of years ago as muddy-
rich sediments, or volcanic
ash, which were deposited on
the sea oor via streams and
rivers. Over millennia these
sediments, which comprised
of chlorite, mica and clay
minerals, were compressed
to form a sedimentary rock
known as mudstone.
When the tectonic plates of
the earth moved to form the
continents and mountains we
know today, this sedimentary
rock metamorphosed under
intense heat and pressure,
and was literally pushed up
at right angles through the
earth and into the mountains.
This geological pressure
forced the material to undergo
fundamental changes in its
chemical composition, and
re-aligned the minerals, forming
a whole series of parallel layers
known as cleavage, along which
the rock splits easily (making it
ideal for roong slate).
The age of slate ranges from
the Cambrian era (from 600
million years ago when the rst
its colour, even in UV light and
is impermeable to water. In
addition, it is non-combustible
and compatible with all other
building materials. Slate is
easily maintained; making it
an economical choice for all
building purposes.
LBS are continually reviewing
their product range and may
have additional brands to those
described.
03
marine life dawned on earth),
to the Ordovician era (500
million years ago), to the
Silurian era (400 million years
ago), to the Devonian era (350
million years ago). Slates from
the Cambrian era (such as the
Penryhn quarry) are generally
accepted as the best quality
due to the high purity of the
original deposits and the fact
that they have been baked
and cooked in the earth for an
extra 100 200 million years
longer than other slates,giving
them a much harder and denser
composition.
05677_Roofing_Tech_Brochure.indd 6 8/9/08 16:39:27
Customer services
Technical Support
and Advice
At LBS we are dedicated
to satisfying the needs of
our customers through the
provision of quality services
and products combined with
comprehensive after-sales
support. Detailed technical
advice is freely available from
the companys highly trained
and experienced Technical
Department with an unrivalled
knowledge of natural roong
slates. This includes assistance
with Roof Specication
and Cost Estimation via a
computer-based system.
BS 5534: 2003
UK Code of Practice for Slating
and Tiling
ICP 2: 2002
Irish Code of Practice for
Slating and Tiling
BS EN 12326-1: 2004
Specication for slate and stone
products for discontinuous roong
and cladding.
BS 747: 2000
Specication for roong felts.
References and standards
The following References and
Standards should be referred
to when specifying or xing
natural slate roong products.
BS 4016: 1997
Specication for exible building
membranes (breather type).
BS 8000
Workmanship on building sites:
Part 6: 1990, Code of practice
for slating and tiling of roofs and
claddings.
BS 1202: 1974
Specication for nails.
BS 6399
Part 2: 1997, Code of practice for
wind loads.
Part 3: 1988, Code of practice for
imposed roof loads.
BS 5250: 2002
Code of practice for control of
condensation in buildings.
BS 8104: 1992
Code of practice for assessing
exposure to wind-driven rain.
04
05677_Roofing_Tech_Brochure.indd 7 8/9/08 16:39:29
Design specication
General guidance on design
is given here but for further
details, please refer to BS
5534: 2003, UK Code of
Practice for Slating and Tiling
or ICP2: 2002, Irish Code of
Practice for Slating and Tiling.
For your information, the
paragraphs below set out the
scope of these codes.
BS 5534: 2003 Maximum
rafter lengths covered by the
code for pitches of 30 or less is
9 metres in moderate exposure
locations and 6 metres in severe
exposure locations. For longer
rafter lengths please contact
LBS Technical Department.
ICP2: 2002 The minimum
recommendations are
intended for use where the
length of the roof slope,
measured by horizontal
projection (on plan, not down
the slope), does not exceed
6 metres. In all other cases,
LBS advice should be sought.
The design of longer roofs
is likely to require additional
weather-resisting and/or
moisture-resisting provisions.
These provisions could be in
the form of using increased
headlaps, boarding/decking
out, counterbattens and/or a
superior roong underlay and
so on. These provisions should
be capable of collecting any
water, which may penetrate
the slating and discharging it
clear of the building.
As the Codes of Practice
recognize, there will be
situations where roof geometry
will be such that it is not
possible to x slates at the
minimum pitches and laps
without additional measures.
For example, rafter lengths
may be longer than allowed
for in the codes; pitches may
be too low in relation to the
site exposure; roofs may be
curved and so on. Whilst not
every scenario can be covered,
within certain limits, LBS will
be able to advise on how to
overcome these problems
and our Technical Department
should be contacted in the rst
instance to check if a solution
can be offered.
05
05677_Roofing_Tech_Brochure.indd 8 8/9/08 16:39:31
Terminology
Natural slating is carried out using the traditional double-lap
system, where water-tightness is achieved by the creation of a
headlap and sidelap. These and other slating terms are explained
in the diagram below.
bond/side lap
holing gauge =
gauge + lap +
8 to 15mm
8 to 15mm
20 to 25mm
gauge
head lap
head
margin
06
05677_Roofing_Tech_Brochure.indd 9 8/9/08 16:39:32
Exposure to wind-driven rain
Exposure Zones
Moderate
Severe
This map shows the exposure
to wind-driven rain taken from
ICP2: 2002 and BS 5534: 2003.
Exposure gradings and local
knowledge should be referred
to when discussing design
requirements.
Further information is
available from the LBS
Technical Department.
Wind loads and weather resistance
Slates xed in accordance with the details given in this guide
will have adequate resistance to wind loads, wind uplift and rain
penetration under most conditions. The tables on page 08-09 give
details of minimum pitches according to exposure and slate size.
Detailed guidance on wind load calculations is given in BS 5534:
2003, BS 6399 and ICP2: 2002.
07
05677_Roofing_Tech_Brochure.indd 10 8/9/08 16:39:33
Technical data
Slate Type Slate Size
mm
Thickness
(nominal)
mm
Pre-holed
for Headlap
mm
Unholed
availability
Weight per
metre laid
(kg)
Nominal
weight per
slate (kg)
Batten Guage
for 100mm
headlap mm
lin m batten
per m
2
Slates
per m
2
at 100mm
headlap
Copper nail
dimensions
(length x dia.)
mm*
Bangor Blue
Capital 600 x 300 6 100 Yes 35.64 2.68 250 4.00 13.30 35 x 3.35
County 600 x 300 8 100 Yes 45.22 3.40 250 4.00 13.30 40 x 3.35
Capital 500 x 300 6 100 Yes 37.01 2.23 200 5.00 16.60 35 x 3.35
County 500 x 300 8 100 Yes 46.98 2.86 200 5.00 16.60 40 x 3.35
Celtic 500 x 300 10 100 Yes 53.62 3.23 200 5.00 16.60 40 x 3.35
Capital 400 x 300 6 No Yes 39.52 1.78 150 6.67 22.20 35 x 3.35
County 400 x 300 8 No Yes 50.62 2.28 150 6.67 22.20 40 x 3.35
Celtic 400 x 300 10 No Yes 57.94 2.61 150 6.67 22.20 40 x 3.35
Spanish etc**
All 600 x 300 5 100 Check 35.91 2.70 250 4.00 13.30 35 x 3.35
All 500 x 250 5 100 Check 38.00 1.90 200 5.00 20.00 35 x 3.35
All 600 x 300 7 100 Check 39.90 3.00 250 4.00 13.30 40 x 3.35
All 500 x 250 7 100 Check 44.80 2.24 200 5.00 20.00 40 x 3.35
Table 1: General Information
Table 2: Coverage
* Nails should penetrate batten not less than 15mm.
**Prior to specication, check sizes available for individual brands with LBS.
s Slate-and-a-halfs are available for verge, valley and hip slating.
s Weights are exclusive of packing material.
s Slates in bold type are the most widely used in the Irish market.
s Bangor Blue slates can be supplied to any size, for example to match heritage projects. Please ask for details.
Headlap mm 80 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 140
Slate Size mm Slates per m
2
600 x 300 13.30 13.40 13.50 13.70 13.80 14.00 14.20 14.50
500 x 300 16.60 16.80 17.00 17.30 17.50 17.70 18.00
500 x 250 20.00 20.30 20.50 20.80 21.00 21.40 21.60
400 x 300 20.80 22.20
08
Introduction to Table 3
Table 3 sets out the minimum pitch criteria for natural slates. For convenience, most are supplied pre-holed to 100mm (bold type) and can
be used for headlaps up to 105mm. All other headlaps are achieved by holing on site using the formula shown on the diagram on Page 6.
Check with LBS regarding availability.
It is important to note that Table 3 follows the Codes of Practice as follows:
s Northern Ireland BS 5534: 2003, Maximum rafter lengths (pitches 30 or less): Normal Exposure, 9 metres; Severe Exposure, 6 metres.
s Republic of Ireland ICP 2: 2002, The minimum recommendations are intended for use where the length of the roof slope, measured by
horizontal projection (on plan, not down the slope), does not exceed 6 metres.
Please see Page 5 Design Specication for details of roof situations outside the scope of the Codes of Practice. LBS Technical
Department will advise in these instances.
05677_Roofing_Tech_Brochure.indd 11 8/9/08 16:39:34
Technical data
Slate Nail Length x 3.35mm diameter
Thickness Minimum 10mm nailhead
<7mm 35mm minimum
>7mm 40mm minimum
Application NI Code ROI Code
Flashings 4 4
Soakers 3 3
Abutment 3 3
Mitred hip 3 3
Mitred valley 3 3
Open valley 5 5
450mm Rafter Centres 600mm Rafter Centres
50mm wide x 25mm deep 50mm wide x 25mm deep
400mm Rafter Centres
>400mm Rafter Centres
but 600mm
47mm wide x 22mm deep 47mm wide x 36mm deep
Pitch Fully Supported Not Fully Supported
20 34 100mm 150mm
35 75mm 100mm
Pitch Fully Supported Not Fully Supported
35 75mm 100mm
22.5 and <35 100mm 150mm
<22.5 150mm 225mm
Nail Sizes
Minimum Recommended Lead Codes
Minimum Batten Sizes (NI)
Minimum Batten Sizes (ROI)
Recommended Headlaps for Underlays (NI)
Recommended Headlaps for Underlays (ROI)
Nails used throughout any roof structure should comply with the standard set out in
the relevant Codes of Practice.
Table 3: Minimum Rafter pitches for double-lap nailed slates (see notes on page 8)
09
Distance between batten centres
(gauge) is calculated as follows:
Gauge =
Slate Length Headlap
2
Minimum pitch 20 22.5 25 27.5 30 32.5
Headlaps mm
BS 5534: 2003 (NI) Normal Exposure
600 x 300 100 100 100 100
500 x 300 115 105 100 100 100 100
500 x 250 100 100 100 100
400 x 300 80 80
BS 5534: 2003 (NI) Severe Exposure
600 x 300 100 100
500 x 300 130 120 110 100 100
500 x 250 110 100 100
400 x 300 100 100
ICP2: 2002 (ROI) Normal Exposure
600 x 300 105 100 100 100 100
500 x 300 100 100 100 100 100
500 x 250 110 100 100 100 100
400 x 300 80 80
ICP2: 2002 (ROI) Severe Exposure
600 x 300 140 120 110 105 100
500 x 300 120 100 100 100 100
500 x 250 130 115 110 100 100
400 x 300 100 100
Slales al 100nn headlap in bold lype are preholed as slandard.
They can be used up to 105mm headlap. All others to be holed on site.
Hook Fixing
Hooks should not be used at pitches below 25. Crimped hooks
should be used below 30. When hook-xing, additional nails
should be used at verges, valleys, hips and abutments. Eaves and
undereaves should be nailed instead of hook-xed.
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