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Research of Group 2
Title
Subject: English
Introduction
Bullying School Bullying Church Bullying Family Bullying Work Place Bullying Home Bullying Neighborhoods In school occurs in nearly any part in or around the school building , thought it more often occurs in PE , hallways , work , and waiting for jeep or bus , sometimes consists of a group of student taking advantage of or isolating one student in particular and gaining the loyalty by standers who want to avoid becoming next victim . Bullying that occurs in connection with education, either inside or outside of school. Bullying can be physical, verbal, or emotional and is usually repeated over a period of time. Bullying can also be perpetrated by teachers and the school system itself. There is an inherent power differential in the system that can easily predispose to subtle or covert abuse (relational aggression or passive aggression), humiliation, or exclusion even while maintaining overt commitments to anti-bullying policies. Anti-bullying programs are designed to teach students cooperation, as well as training peer moderatos in intervention and dispute resolution techniques, as form of peer support.
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Some bullies are looking for attention. They might think bullying is a way to be popular or to get what they want most bullies are trying making themselves feel important. Sometimes bullies know that they are doing or saying hurts other action can be most bullies may really know how hurtful their action can be. Most bullies dond t understands or care about feelings of other. Bullying is one of the major causes for violence in school. With the help of power, students go off their limits to seek fun. This 5 minutes fun can be dangerous if done in wrong sense. Bullying a person at a young age leaves disturbing behaviour at the end. The child is no where ready to face the world at times. Adequate attention should be given by school authorities in such matters. Home support should be there with bullied person. This is to ensure that he or she is not alone if something bad has happened. Apart from personal attention school authorities should not entertain such activities in school. It can result in loss of reputation. Not only
reputation is at stake but also a individuald s life who is studying with his full mind at school. With the help of anger management techniques bullying can be controlle . There are various measures which can be performe by school authorities to ensure there are no such malpractices taking place.
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Outline
I. Background
A. Definition of Peer Pressure B. Definition of Bullying Kinds
IV Effects
A. Personal B. Social C. Educational
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I.
Background
Definition of Peer Pressure
relations may influence whether adolescents develop problems. In one recent study of more than 3,000 eleventh grade students. Peer pressure was strongly linked to alcohol use.
Peer
(the symbol: P) is the force per unit area applied in a direction perpendicular to the surface of an object. Gauge pressure is the pressure relative to the local atmospheric or ambient pressure.
Pressure - Pressure
Peer pressure
Refers to the influence exerted by a peer group in encouraging a person to change his or her attitudes, values, or behavior in order to conform to group norms. Social groups affected include membership groups, when the individual is "formally" a member (for example, political party, trade union), or a social clique. A person affected by peer
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pressure may or may not want to belong to these groups. They may also recognize dissociative groups with which they would not wish to associate, and thus they behave adversely concerning that group's behaviors.[citation needed] In young people, youth peer pressure is considered as one of the most frequently referred to forms of peer pressure. It is particularly common because most youth spend large amounts of time in fixed groups (schools and subgroups within them) regardless of their opinion of those groups. In addition to this, they may lack the maturity to handle pressure from 'friends'. Also, young people are more willing to behave negatively towards those who are not members of their own peer groups. However, youth peer pressure can also have positive effects. For example, if one is involved with a group of people that are ambitious and working to succeed, one might feel pressured to follow suit to avoid feeling excluded from the group. Sometimes the child is pressuring themselves. They feel like they need the group to be cool. Therefore, the youth would be pressured into improving themselves, bettering them in the long run. This is most commonly seen in youths that are active in sports or other extracurricular activities where conformity with one's peer group is strongest. Peers influence your life, even if you don't realize it, just by spending time with you. You learn from them, and they learn from you. It's only human nature to listen to and learn from other people in your age group, and when e friendsf persuade you to doing something that you do not want to do. But maybe you want to do it, and you just dond t have the courage to do it and you into it. Peer Pressure can be broken down into two areas; good peer pressure and bad peer pressure.
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- Direct Negative Peer Pressure Direct negative peer pressure is friends directly asking someone to do something. As you can imagine, this is a powerful form of peer pressure because it's much more difficult to resist. A teen is afraid of ridicule and losing his/her friend(s) if he/she doesn't do what is asked. - Indirect Peer Pressure Indirect negative peer pressure is not as powerful but can still greatly influence the decisions a teen makes. Indirect peer pressure is what one sees and hears other teenagers doing. Since others are wearing something or doing something, he/she should follow suit to fit into the group. No one necessarily asks someone to do anything but it's an unspoken pressure that he/she feels. - Positive Peer Pressure This is the good type of peer pressure. It's when friends push you to do great things and to excel. A teen may feel empowered by his/her friends because of the positivity from them. Of course, you probably wish all pressure from peers was positive, but the reality is that it's not as common as the negative form. - Negative Peer Pressure Negative peer pressure is friends negatively influencing each other. Examples of negative peer pressure include trying to talk someone into trying drugs, cigarettes, alcohol, and sex. Negative peer pressure can happen directly and indirectly.
- Indirect Negative Peer Pressure Indirect negative peer pressure is not as powerful but
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can still greatly influence the decisions a teen makes. Indirect peer pressure is what one sees and hears other teenagers doing. Since others are wearing something or doing something, he/she should follow suit to fit into the group. No one necessarily asks someone to do anything but it's an unspoken pressure that he/she feels.
Possible Classification
Not Your Friend People you usually dond t associate with under normal circumstances. Acquaintance This group of people includes those that you might see in school, but you dond t associate with out of school. You might occasionally cross their path of school, but you wouldnd t normally seek them out. Want to be friends These are people you might want to be friends with for some selfish reasons, such as hoping to be more popular. People who fall into this category are never your true friends because the foundation for the friendship does not have a solid basis. True friends
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These are the ones in the small, close group of people that you confine in and you know that they have best interest in mind. The people in this are those whose influence on your life makes you a better person.
Definition of Bullying
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullying) (17 December 2011) (Luna Ariya)
Bullying
Bullying is a form of aggressive behavior manifested by the use of force or coercion to affect others, particularly when the behavior is habitual and involves an imbalance of power. It can include verbal harassment, physical assault or coercion and may be directed repeatedly towards particular victims, perhaps on grounds of race, religion, gender, sexuality, or ability. The "imbalance of power" may be social power and/or physical power. The victim of bullying is sometimes referred to as a "target."
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Bullying consists of three basic types of abuse emotional, verbal, and physical. It typically involves subtle methods of coercion such as intimidation. Bullying can be defined in many different ways. The UK currently has no legal definition of bullying, while some U.S. states have laws against it.
Bullying ranges from simple one-on-one bullying to more complex bullying in which the bully may have one or more 'lieutenants' who may seem to be willing to assist the primary bully in his bullying activities. Bullying in school and the workplace is also referred to as peer abuse.[6] Robert W. Fuller has analyzed bullying in the context of rankest. (http://childparenting.about.com/od/schoollearning/g/bullyin g-definition.htm) (Katherine Lee,) Bullying is intentional aggressive behavior. It can take the form of physical or verbal harassment and involves an imbalance of power (a group of children can gang up on a victim or someone who is physically bigger or more aggressive can intimidate someone else, for instance). Bullying behavior can include teasing, insulting someone (particularly about their weight or height, race, sexuality, religion or other personal traits), shoving, hitting, excluding someone, or gossiping about someone. Bullying can cause a victim to feel upset, afraid, ashamed, embarrassed, and anxious about going to school. It can involve children of any age, including younger elementary grade-schoolers and even kindergarteners. Bullying behavior is frequently repeated unless there is intervention.
Kinds of Bullying
(http://tweenparenting.about.com/od/physicalemotionalgrowth/tp/Types -of-Bullying.html)
( Rebecca Fraser-Thill)
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There are five primary types of bullying. Some of these types of bullying are easier to observe than others, but all can have lasting impacts on their victims. Here are the types of bullying that your child may encounter in school.
1. Physical Bullying Physical bullies use force and body strength to overpower their victims. Their behavior is easy to identify. 2. Verbal Bullying Verbal bullies intimidate and harm their victims using words. This type of bullying may go unnoticed and unreported for long periods of time.
3. Relational Bullying Relational bullies work to damage a victimd s social status and relationships with others. Like verbal bullies, relational bullies often fail to be identified by teachers or parents. 4. Reactive Bullying Reactive bullies coax others into harming them. It is often unclear who the true bully in this situation is. 5. Cyber bullying Cyber bullies use electronic forums-such as email an social networking sites-to harass their victims. The effects of cyber bullying can be far-reaching an may be ifferent than the other types of bullying.
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A. Drugs
A drug is any substance, solid, liquid or gas that brings about physical and/or psychological changes. The drugs of most concern in the community are those that affect the central nervous system. They act on the brain and can change the way a person thinks, feels or behaves. These drugs are known as "psychoactive drugs". Drug abuse is a disease of the brain, and the drugs change brain chemistry, which results in a change in behavior. Aside from the obvious behavioral consequences of addiction, the negative effects on a persond s health are potentially devastating. While a icts use rugs to e feel better,f the uninten e consequences inclu e but are not limite to over ose, HIV/AIDS, stroke, car iovascular isease an host of relate mala ies.
To un erstan this better you may want to rea "Get Sick to Fe l Be r" a story o the ne e tte gative e f cts fe of rug a iction... Darci's story ofthe e f cts of rug a iction on he fe r lif ! e Suici e is also a common e f ct of rug a iction, to to fe le arn more about rug a iction suici e . De ssion is also an e f ct ofa pre fe about Efe f cts of rug a iction
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B. Alcohol
Drinking alcohol can be a treat for one when he drinks it but it is a true fact that alcohol comes with effects that
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are inevitable. Whether it is the beginning of your journey or the peak of it, you should be aware of the effects that alcohol comes with. Normally people
Effect of alcohol
Everybody responds differently to drinking alcohol so it is not possible to say what effects having a certain number of drinks have on a person. Instead blood alcohol concentration can be used as a guide to what affects alcohol may have on behavior. Number of Factors including: - Type and quantity of alcohol consumed - Age, weight and gender - Body chemistry - Food in stomach - Drinking experience - Mental health status - Other health conditions made worse by alcohol
C. Fighting
To attempt to harm or gain power over an adversary by blows or with weapons , to struggle or work hard in trying to beat or overcome someone or something; contend
Others that manifest bullying Vandalism Truancy ( compulsory education ) Dropping out of school Stealing Smoking
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III.
Causes of Bullying
A. Pressure Bullying
Is where the stress of the moment causes behavior to deteriorate; the person becomes short-tempered, irritable and may shout or swear at others. Everybody does this from time to time, but when the pressure is removed, behavior returns to normal, the person recognizes the inappropriateness of their behavior, makes amends, and may apologies, and - crucially - learns from the experience so that next time the situation arises they are better able to deal with it. This is "normal" behavior and I do not include pressure bullying in my definition of workplace bullying.
B. Gang Bully
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The primary bully gathers a number of followers. He may be a loud, highly visible leader. If he is a quieter sort, his role may be more insidious. Some members of the group may actively enjoy being part of the bullying. They like the reflected power of the primary bully. If the primary bully leaves the organization, and the institution does not change, one of these individuals may step in to fill the shoes of the primary bully.
C. Cyber Bully
Cyber bullying is overt or covert bullying behaviors using igital technologies. Examples inclu e harassment via a mobile phone, setting up a efamatory personal website or eliberately exclu ing someone from social networking spaces. Cyber bullying can happen at any time. It can be in public or in private and sometimes only known to the target and the person bullying.
3. Serial Bully
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An individual who repeatedly intimidates or harasses one individual after another. A victim is selected and bullied for an extended period of time until he/she leaves or asserts himself/herself and goes to Human Resources (HR) The bully sometimes deceives HR by being charming while the victim appears emotional and angry. 4. Subordinate Bully Bullying perpetrated by subordinates (such as boss being bullied by an employee, nursing staff being bullied by a patient.)
Types of Bullying
(http://library.thinkquest.org/07aug/00117/typesbullying.html)
School bullying
Bullying can occur in nearly any part in or around the school building, though it may occur more frequently in physical education classes and activities, recess, hallways,
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bathrooms, on school buses and while waiting for buses, and in classes that require group work and/or after school activities. Bullying in school sometimes consists of a group of students taking advantage of or isolating one student in particular and gaining the loyalty of bystanders who want to avoid becoming the next victim. These bullies may taunt and tease their target before physically bullying the target. Bystanders may participate or watch, sometimes out of fear of becoming the next victim. Bullying can also be perpetrated by teachers and the school system itself: There is an inherent power differential in the system that can easily predispose to subtle or covert abuse (relational aggression or passive aggression), humiliation, or exclusion even while maintaining overt commitments to anti-bullying policies
Workplace bullying According to the Workplace Bullying and Trauma Institute workplace bullying is "repeated, healthharming mistreatment, verbal abuse, or conduct which is threatening, humiliating, intimidating, or sabotage that interferes with work, or some combination of the three."[64] Statistics show that bullying is 3 times as prevalent as illegal discrimination and at least 1,600 times as prevalent as workplace violence. Statistics also show that while only one employee in every 10,000 becomes a victim of workplace violence, one in six experiences bullying at work. Bullying is a little more common than sexual harassment but not verbal abuse which occurs more than bullying. Unlike the more physical form of school bullying, workplace bullying often takes place within the established rules and policies of the organization and society. Such actions are not necessarily illegal and may not even be against the firm's regulations;
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however, the damage to the targeted employee and to workplace morale is obvious. Emotional bullying occurs when rumors are started about someone or a group of individuals. It also happens when malicious or defamatory statements are made about a person or group with the intent to hurt the feelings and emotional stability of the target. Emotional bullying can occur in various forms including face-to-face, behind one's back or anonymously via the Internet and social networking sites. Physical bullying is the most traditional form of bullying and occurs when the victim is injured physically with pushing, shoving, punching, kicking, burning, etc. It also occurs when the bully steals the victim's personal belongings, destroys personal belongings, clothes, etc.
IV.
Effects
A. Personal
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School bullying is a widespread issue that affects youths seriously in three essential parts of their lives educationally, psychologically and professionally. Bullying is a sort of aggressive behavior against others such as, verbal by calling nasty names; physical by kicking, pushing or tripping up social by everyone stopped talking to you. Despite some children bully others without aware to results of their actions but bullying reflects adversely on the victimd s lives and lead to be victimization to several disorders like anxiety, depression, loneliness and lose their opportunity to have an ordinary like. However, bullied children are more likely to expose themselves to suicide. On the contrary, perpetrators have less impact on their lives. In my opinion, bullying at school has significant effects in whole children lives. The following essay will discuss the negative effects of school bullying and its consequences.
As far as psychological health is concerned, bullied children are more expose to the psychological disorders such as anxiety, depression, law self-esteem and loneliness. All these affect their reactions towards themselves and others. In addition, children become ashamed as well as having law self-acceptance after bullying or harassment. This will lead them to be rejected by their families as a result of social exclusion. All these things may make them think of suicide or doing some aggressive behaviors as a solution to their problems (Coggan, Bennett, Hooper, & Dickinson, 2003; Kanetsuna et al., 2006). Some external eviation such as glasses, teeth, ears, Protru ing an obesity lea s to bullie others an hurt them eeply. Accor ing to Perry, Ho ges, & Egan (2001), are having one of these features cause chil ren to have law self-esteem. Nevertheless, heterosexual peers who are sexual minority youths more likely to think about suici e an experience health risk behaviors. There are no lesbians bullying others as well as gay males. Moreover, text-bullying between a olescents threaten the emotional health via messages. An example of this is that recent case in new
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Zealand involve a 12 years old girl who suicide after months of receiving bullying messages.(hall, 2006). The adverse impact of bullying on individuals earning in the future in term of looking for a job. There is no doubt that the higher educational attainment the higher earning people got. Nonetheless, children who experienced bullying at childhood stage resort to escape from their schools and then gain lower grades. Hence, it becomes difficult to find good job without qualification and suffering long term unemployment in adulthood. Varhama & Bjorkqvist (2005). The figures of earning for those who experienced bullying regularly at age 7 and 11 respectively were lower compared with children who are not. However, bullying affect not solely the income itself it also affects the shape and rank or position of the job. In stark contrast to others who believe that student could pass the bullying situation and its consequences if they work beside their teachers or friends to support the victims and help them to outcome the aggression peers (Hunter, Boyle, & Warden, 2004). This ability to work together to stop bullying and advance self-efficacy benefits which help to reduce depression symptoms (Od Connell, Pepler, & Craig, 1999). Positive victims who enroll in some supportive programmers that assist victims to rebuilt their selfregulation an enhance the ability to overcome their problems by interventions in ifferent omains of their lives. Taking everything into consi eration, it is apparent that bullying is a significant issue affects our generations lives by ifferent kin but we have to be strong enough to face this problem an work together to prevent school bullying by encourage stu ents activities at school an re uce bullying in the future. The following list, culle from my rea ing on this subject, summarizes some of the effects bullying victims may experience: In the short term: Anger Depression Anxious avoi ance of settings in which bullying may occur. Greater inci ence of illness
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Lower grades than non-bullied peers Suicidal thoughts and feelings (In one British retrospective bullying experiences survey I came across (of unknown scientific value), 20% of the sample attempted suicide secondary to having been bullied, whereas only 3% of participants who were not bullied attempted suicide). In the long term: Reduced occupational opportunities Lingering feelings of anger and bitterness, desire for revenge. Difficulty trusting people Interpersonal difficulties, including fear and avoidance of new social situations Increased tendency to be a loner Perception of self as easy to victimize, overly sensitive, and thin-skinned Self-esteem problems (don't think well of self) Increased incidence of continued bullying and victimization A few interesting observations of factors that seem to lessen the negative impact that bullying has on people have come to my attention during the process of cataloging the ways that bullying can mess you up. For instance:
B. Social
Finally, multiple researchers point to the protective effect that a good social support network has with regard to bully victim's short and long term outcomes. Having supportive family members and peers around who can be confided in when one has been bullied and who can offer support and advice tends to lessen bullying's impact. There are a number of reasons why it makes sense that a supportive social network should help, but one of them deserves to be made explicit. Namely, that when a bullying victim is surrounded by and bought into a supportive social network, they are receiving many positive messages about their worth from network members, and there are thus
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fewer opportunities for bullies' negative messages to find purchase and grow to take over self-esteem. If bullies can only succeed in harming people physically; if they do not succeed in harming them emotionally or harming their identities, then relatively little lasting damage can be done.
Social network is also belong to Verbal Bullying because be bullying is overt or covert bullying behaviorsd using digital technologies. Examples include harassment via a mobile phone, setting up a defamatory personal website or deliberately excluding someone from social networking spaces. Cyber bullying can happen at any time. It can be in public or in private an sometimes only known to the target an the person bullying.
C. Educational
Academic achievement is the first aspects which influence by bullying at school. Therefore, bullied children live within fear, self blame, feel weak and its affect their personality traits and self confidence so this situation makes them unable to study well and they might hate going to school and tend to the truancy. Furthermore, they will lose their opportunities to participate with others or enjoy school activities. Hence, they will gain less academic performance and low educational attainment. (Oliver & Canap .2003). There is a strong association between academic achievement and being bullied (woods & wolke, 2004). Additionally, there is a relationship between bullying and school quality such as class-size the number of student in the classroom, lack of library, sports facilities and if the teacher considers as a mother or father when she or he treat with children during their educational progress.
If you think your child is having problems with a bully at school or in your neighborhood, there are things you can do to help them. Finding ways to successfully deal with bullies can be a challenge but it is important to find ways to handle a teen who is bullying others. Teen bullies often demonstrate severe aggression toward other teens, such as physical violence. To avoid an escalating situation, parents or other adults will need to intervene early. Bullies tend to act out because they may have low self esteem, misdirected anger or the need to feel superior to other kids.
1 Call the other teen's parents. Remember that the bully's parents may feel embarrassed or vulnerable. Be prepared to give them concrete examples of when your teen has been bullied by their child. 2 Teach your teen to ignore the bully. When a bully gets no reaction from his victim, he may find the result unfulfilling and move on or stop the harassment altogether. 3 Show your teen that she can ignore teasing and put-downs by responding positively to negative comments. 4 Role play at home if you re teen nee s irection. You can come up with scenarios an practice appropriate responses to help him prepare for bullying. 5 Remin your teen to stan straight an walk tall. Posturing with self confi ence, even when it's manufacture , may help prevent your teen from becoming a victim. 6 Turn to other resources if you feel you aren't well equippe to help your teen eal with a bully. The National Bully Hotline an school a ministrators can help you with a itional prevention i eas. 7 Remin your teen to use goo ju gment in situations where bullies are being violent. Tell her it is okay to seek the help of a teacher or a ult on campus. 8 Tell your teen to mobilize any witnesses. If other teens are stan ing aroun watching your teen get bullie , he shoul take note of their names an ask them to help eal with the bully. The witnesses can offer etails to the principal or campus security.
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Be on your child's side. Send this clear message to them by taking everything they say about what has happened to them seriously. Tell your child that you are going to help and reassure them that you can do something about this bullying problem. In this way, your child will feel more confident that the problem is not theirs alone and will be better able to handle it with your help. Do not allow your child to place the blame of the incident on themselves. Reassure them that it is not their fault. Victims will sometime turn the fault in on themselves; help your child place the blame where it belongs, directly on the bully. While it is natural to want to protect your child by solving the problem for him, it will serve your child better if you teach him how to solve the problem himself. By learning the skills to stand up for himself, he can use them in other situations. Ask your child how she has been dealing with the bullying, talk about what else can be done and discuss what actions you can both take to solve the problem. Reassure her you will consult her before taking any action. There are two problems at play when your child is dealing with a bully. One, your child's protection is of the utmost importance and two, your child learning to be confident that they can take care of their problems is important as well for future incidents. If your child is being physically threatened, you have no choice but to let someone know. But if your child is not being physically threatened, talk to them about ways they can handle the situations they
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are being placed in. Role play different situations and things that can be said to a bully, like "Leave me alone." then walking away. Ask your child if they can hang out with friends when they normally see a bully. There is safety in numbers. Encourage your child to be active in hobbies and other community activities so that they do develop some good friendships. Sometimes teachers don't get the full scope of the problem and you will have to meet with them and their superiors to discuss it. If your child or teen is being harassed, you may also want to call in the police. Throw out all of your old thoughts about bullying. It is not a normal part of childhood. Your child does not need to toughen up. Bullying is violent behavior that should not be tolerated.
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