New technology of waste water management

ABSTRACT
This seminar presents an overview of the waste water and its treatment. Under standing the method of treatment can help you to extend our life and protect us from certain diseases. Waste water treatments are very helpful to us. Huge quantity of pure water is turned into waste water day by day and if we can make it again pure water then it will be a blessing for us. Here are certain methods to treat the waste water and make it again pure and among them the most important and is to use is CHLORINATION. The waste waters are treated in certain waste water treatment plants. The main advantage of these treatment plants is that it can be useful either as a community centre or a park. Are you scared of these waste waters? Here are some techniques that can help you..

New technology of waste water management

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION 2. SELECTION OF APPROPRIATE WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 3. WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES 3.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTIONS 3.2 TYPES OF TECHNOLOGIES 3.3 DISINFECTION 4. OTHER TREATMENT OPTIONS 5. BIOLOGICAL WASTE WATER TREATMENT 6. CHLORINATION 7. CONCLUSION 8. REFERENCE

New technology of waste water management

INTRODUCTION

1.1 WHY REUSE WATER?

Sustainable water management is an important goal and a key element of sustainable urban development. Government authorities and the land development industry are increasingly seeking to use alternative sources, such as water reuse, to conserve drinking water supplies and minimize wastewater. Water reuse must be considered in the context of the specific development and management of the entire water cycle. A Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) strategy is the starting point for developments water management planning. Within such a strategy, reusing water may be deemed appropriate for a particular site after considering all other water streams and their interactions. Water reuse describes the treatment of wastewater to a standard where it can be used within our community. Throughout the document the term reused water is used to describe recycled water, greywater reuse (wastewater from the household excluding toilet water), sewer mining or reclaimed effluent. References to particular water streams will be made where required. Reused water is used on a fit-for-purpose basis that is, of an appropriate quality for the intended use.

1.2

SUSTAINABLE

AND

INTEGRATED

WATER

CYCLE

MANAGEMENT
The conventional urban water cycle consists of a large-scale centralized water supply and disposal system. Water is collected from catchments, treated and piped to customers. After use, wastewater flows through a second set of pipes (sewers) to sewage treatment plants. The treated water is then discharged to creeks, rivers, bays or oceans. Sustainable development aims to minimize water use and dependence on natural resources and maximize reuse within the built environment.

New technology of waste water management

In Figure 1, the dotted red line separates the natural and built environments. The general approach is to minimize water and pollutants crossing the boundary, and maximizing water reuse within the boundary. This can be achieved by: reducing drinking water demand (through demand management) using available water sources for the most appropriate purposes (fit-for-purpose) identifying and maximzsing alternative water sources minimizing the impact of urban storm water on the receiving aquatic ecosystem.

Fig 1.2.1 Integrated water cycle systems approach for water reuse with typical urban applications

New technology of waste water management

3.2.4 MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR

A membrane bioreactor (MBR) combines the process of a biological reactor and membrane filtration (refer to Section 3.5). The treatment process has a small footprint and produces high quality effluent with low TSS, BOD, and turbidity that meets almost all health criteria guidelines. MBRs are relatively new processes with a demonstration plant installed at Werribee, west of Melbourne. There are two basic configurations for a MBR: a submerged integrated bioreactor that immerses the membrane within the activated sludge reactor and a bioreactor with an external membrane unit. MBRs provide a proven and reliable treatment technology, having been used extensively in Japan for greywater and blackwater reuse systems. MBRs replace the need for a separate filtration process. Membranes are costly to replace. Control of membrane fouling is an important operational issue. If fouling is not controlled, membranes will wear quicker, and there will be increased energy costs and decreased effluent quality. MBRs also have higher capital cost and energy costs than other treatment systems. Membrane bioreactor technology suppliers include: Clearwater Aquacell Port Marine Ludowici Zenon Veolia Water Systems Aquatec-Maxcon: Kutoba Memcor Memjet Xpress Nubian Systems

3.3 DISINFECTION
Disinfection destroys pathogenic microorganisms in water to ensure public health. Eradication of waterborne pathogens is the most important public health concern for water treatment.

New technology of waste water management Disinfection ranges from boiling water to large-scale chemical treatment for water supplies. The three most common disinfection methods are ultraviolet radiation, chlorination and ozonation.

Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection uses UV light to deactivate microorganisms in water. The short UV wavelength irradiates microorganisms. When the UV radiation penetrates the cell of an organism, it destroys the cells genetic material and its ability to reproduce. UV disinfection has low capital and operating costs, is easy to install and operate and is well suited to small-scale water treatment processes. Chlorination chlorine, a strong oxidant, is the most common water disinfectant. Chlorine can be added in gaseous form (Cl2), hypochlorous acid or as hypochlorous salt (typically Ca(OCl)2). Chlorine addition requires chemical handling and storage. Byproducts of chlorination could be carcinogenic, with particular concern and research to understand trihalomethanes (THMs). Chlorine provides residual microbial control; that is, it continues to disinfect water after it has passed through the treatment process. It is typically selected for drinking water supply systems. Optimal chlorination dosage is dependent on the concentration and water pH and temperature. The pH exerts a strong influence on the chlorination performance and should be regulated. Ozonation ozone is a more powerful oxidising agent than other disinfectants. Ozone is created by an electrical discharge in a gas containing oxygen. Ozone production depends on oxygen concentration and impurities such as dust and water vapour in the gas. The breakdown of ozone to oxygen is rapid. It is impossible to maintain free ozone residuals in water for any significant time.

New technology of waste water management

BIOLOGICAL WASTE WATER TREATMENT CONCLUSION

From all these details we can conclude that waste water that we produce day by day can easily treated and can protect our water sources. Here are some points that we should keep in our mind in order to protect our local waterways 1. flush responsibly 2. Dont pour house hold products such as cleaners, beauty products, medicines, auto fluids, and paint and lawn care product down the drain. Properly dispose them at your local household hazardous waste facility. 3. Dispose of excess household grease(meat fats, cooking oil, shortening, butter and margarine etc) diapers and personal hygienic product in the garbage can

We should not forget that in many places, especially along a river one towns waste water discharge may be the next towns water supply

New technology of waste water management

REFERENCE

1. Water supply and sanitary engineering by J.S.BIRDIE and G.S.BIRDIE 2. Waste water engineering its treatment ,Disposal and reuse by GEORGE TEHOBANOGLOUS