Universidade de Aveiro

Licenciatura em Novas Tecnologias da Comunicação

Licenciatura em Tecnologias Informação e Comunicação

Ergonomia Cognitiva

Aulas Tp07 e 08 | 2008-10-27 e 29 e dias 3 e 5 de

Novembro

1.

ARTIGO 1

Title: Autonomous Incremental Visual Environment Perception

Author: M. L. Sang-Woo Ban
Year of Conference: 12-17 Aug. 2007
Based on Visual Selective Attention
Conference Location: Orlando, FL
Publisher: 2007-10-29
Pages: 1411-1416
Short Title: Autonomous Incremental Visual Environment
Perception Based on Visual Selective Attention
Language: Inglês

ARTIGO 2

Title: A SELECTIVE ATTENTION MODEL FOR PREDICTING VISUAL

Author: E. K. Éric Dinet
Year of Conference: 2008
ATTRACTORS
Conference Name: International Conference
Conference Location: LIGIV, Université Jean Monnet 18 rue
Benoît Lauras 42000 Saint-Étienne, France
Pages: 697-700
Date: March 31 2008-April 4 2008
Short Title: A SELECTIVE ATTENTION MODEL FOR PREDICTING
VISUAL ATTRACTORS
ISBN: 1520-6149
Language: Inglês

2.

Os textos encontrados e sintetizados são da autoria de

Sang-Woo Ban; Minho Lee e de Éric Dinet; Emmanuel Kubicki.
Relativamente aos primeiros autores, a obra é intitulada
por “Autonomous Incremental Visual Environment Perception
Based on Visual Selective Attention”, situam-se no campo de
investigação sobre o desenvolvimento autónomo mental a fim
de compreender as funções do cérebro num mundo que se
encontra cada vez mais em mudança. A mudança processa-se
através do nível dos estímulos visuais complexos a partir
de um ambiente natural.
Eles propõem uma estrutura baseada num modelo computacional
para à compreensão do ambiente natural de entrada,
relativamente à cor, e suas transcrições que difundam a
importância de uma determinada informação sobre o ambiente
de captação, sem considerar a possibilidade de percepções
de alto nível tais como o objecto de detecção e a
representação do reconhecimento.
A proposta inicial equaciona-se também, em imitar o cérebro
humano a baixo nível da percepção visual mecânico perante
uma situação que poderá ocorrer de forma rápida, sem que
este se perceba com precisão o conteúdo da informação
ocorrida “naquela” determinada situação. A percepção de
baixo nível é importante para a análise do cérebro humano,
no qual tem a capacidade selectiva de escolher um campo de
visão mais informativo no âmbito do ambiente que se
encontra.

Quanto aos restantes autores, e intitulados por “A

SELECTIVE ATTENTION MODEL FOR PREDICTING VISUAL
ATTRACTORS”, diz-nos a partida que a enorme quantidade de
informação visual recebida continuamente por um observador,
não pode ser totalmente analisada pelo cérebro. De forma a
interagir eficazmente com o meio ambiente, um observador
apenas selecciona as regiões de interesse do ambiente
visual. Por outras palavras, os mecanismos de atenção
visual permitem a transformação directa de se concentrar em
recursos de informações importantes.
A investigação ira de recorrer a um recurso computacional
para a visão selectiva e de processamento de imagem, pois
esta é mais interessante e atractiva para os
investigadores.
O sistema computacional ira de prestar mais atenção lógica
de mecanismos neurais do sistema visual humano. Várias
características fisiológicas importantes serão observadas,
como o rácio de fotorreceptores, a normalização de
mecanismos visual e células de sensibilidade em termos de
bandas de frequências.
As variações cromáticas são quantificadas através de uma
multicamada perceptivo e a apresentação do fotorreceptor de
sinais que se enquadra a percepção humana.
O modelo também proposto fornece um mapa perceptivo de
valores resultantes de um processo de observação
competitivo.

3.

Devido a nossa limitação na lingua inglesa, no que respeita

aos processos de tradução e interpretação exacta de texto,
alguns aspectos descritivos das tecnologias e softwares não
seram alvos de tradução para o português.

Nome EyeLink II - Head Mounted System

Tipo Hardware
Empresa SR Research EyeLik
Imagem

Características •500Hz Sampling Rate. Binocular

recording at 500Hz
• Accurate. Average gaze position error
<0.5°
• Real-time. Access to eye position
data with only 3 msec delay
• High Resolution. 0.01° in pupil only
mode; 0.025° in pupil - CR mode
• Versatile. High quality computer
based or scene camera eye tracking
flexibility
• Easy. Switch between pupil only or
pupil-CR modes
• Complete Software Set. Including
experiment creation and data analysis
tools
Funcionalidades The EyeLink II system (Head Mounted
System) consists of three miniature
cameras mounted on a comfortable padded
headband. The entire system was designed
to be lightweight with a low center of
mass for stability and minimal rotational
inertia, all of which contribute to
subjective comfort and low fatigue. No
mirrors are used in the EyeLink II system,
 making it very robust and easy to set up.
Two eye cameras allow binocular eye
tracking or easy selection of the
subject’s dominant eye without the
mechanical reconfiguration required by
most head-mounted eye trackers. Each
camera has built-in illuminators,
digitally corrected for even lighting of
the entire field of view. Together with
digital compensation for changes in
ambient lighting, this results in
exceptionally stable pupil acquisition.
Custos
Fonte http://www.sr-research.com/mount_main.php

Nome Host PC Tracker Application

Tipo Software
Empresa SR Research EyeLik
Imagem

Características •Facilitates for the selection of 5

different calibration types (3pt -
13pt)
Funcionalidades The EyeLink II Tracker Application runs on
the Host PC in a ROMDOS 7.1 operating
environment (included with the base
system). The Tracker application is
tightly integrated with the EyeLink II
High Speed Eye Tracker hardware, and
serves several high level functions:

• Performs image analysis, eye event

parsing, and data recording
functions.
• Allows the system operator to view
real-time gaze position overlaid on
a static display representation
while data recording is being
performed.
• Allows preference selection, camera
setup, calibration, and recording
functions when the tracker is not
being used with a Windows / MacOS /
Linux, or DOS Display PC.
• Controls setup of the optional Scene
 Camera, Analog Output Board and Gaze
Video Overlay System.
Custos
Fonte http://www.sr-
research.com/mount_software.php#HostPCApp

Nome ASL Mobile Eye

Tipo Hardware
Empresa Applied Science Laboratories (ASL)
Imagem

Característic • Head mounted optics (76g)

as • Color scene camera
• Modified DVCR recorder
• Eye Vision Software

• PC w/3GHz processor
Funcionalidad With the introduction of the ASL Mobile Eye,
es researchers across a multitude of
disciplines (market research, consumer
shopping behavior, sports, driving, reading,
safety & training and much more…) can now
collect eye movements and point of gaze
information during the performance of
natural tasks allowing the use of
unconstrained eye, head and hand movements
under variable lighting conditions.
Custos
Fonte http://www.a-s-
l.com/site/Products/MobileEye/tabid/70/Defau
lt.aspx
Nome Video Eyetracker Toolbox
Tipo Hardware
Empresa Cambridge Research Systems
Imagem

Características • Exceptionally easy to use with

minimal configuration requirements
• Measures gaze direction or eye
rotation

•Sophisticated image processing

algorithm
Funcionalidades The Video Eyetracker Toolbox™ allows you
to easily add eye tracking to experiments
where the display is a computer monitor.
Custos Very low cost (the entry level system
configuration is less than
£6000/US$11000/€10000)
Fonte http://www.crsltd.com/catalog/eyetracker-
toolbox/index.html

Nome Scene Camera Systems

Tipo Hardware & Software
Empresa Arrington Research: eye tracking systems
Imagem

Característica • Eye movement data recorded at 60Hz

s
• Monocular or binocular options
available
• Parallax error correction provided in
the binocular system for viewing
distances different from the original
calibration distance.
• Gaze video overlay on EyeFrame
mounted color or black and white head
mounted scene camera ( up to 30 fps)
• Save scene movie with gaze overlay to
hard drive for replay in ViewPoint
 • Default camera is:
Color, diagonal=70, horizontal=56,
vertical=42 Optional different field
of view cameras available on request.
Funcionalidade The Scene Camera option allows ViewPoint
s EyeTracker users to track gaze position on
a real world scene video.
Custos Price US$: 9498
Fonte http://www.arringtonresearch.com/scene.htm
l

Nome Vision 2020 Video Eye-Tracking Systems

Tipo Hardware & Software
Empresa EL-MAR: eye tracking technology
Imagem

Características • Records both horizontal and vertical

eye movements.
• Records pupil diameter.
• Eye-position is recorded 120 times
per second.
• Resolution of +/-0.1°.
• Horizontal tracking range of +/-40°,
vertical tracking range of +/-30°.
• Robust performance and freedom from
artifacts.

•Insensitivity to relative movements

between the head mounted assembly and
the head.
Funcionalidades A fully integrated eye-movement laboratory

Records and analyzes eye movements in

clinical and research environments
Custos
Fonte http://elmar-inc.com/products2.html

Nome Edge Communication System

Tipo Hardware & Software
Empresa LC Technologies, Inc.: eyegaze systems
Imagem

Características
Funcionalidades With the Edge Communication System, people
with physical disabilities can do many
things with their eyes that they would
otherwise do with their hands. Simply by
looking at control keys displayed on a
computer monitor screen, the user can
perform a broad variety of functions
including speech synthesis, environmental
control, sending emails, browsing the
Internet, playing games, typing, and
controlling most PC and MAC computers
Custos
Fonte http://www.eyegaze.com/content/assistive-
technology#How

Nome NYAN 2.0XT

Tipo Software
Empresa Interactive Minds
Imagem
Características • Manage your whole study including
subjects and stimuli.
• NYAN 2.0 records gaze movements, eye
movements, stimulus events, mouse
events, key presses and events from
custom devices.

• Analyze the recorded data with

multiple highly specialized tools.
Handle static and dynamic stimuli
easily. Open multiple analysis
windows at the same time and
synchronize their display, etc.
Funcionalidades From fundamental scientific research to
commercial studies the NYAN 2.0XT analysis
suite offers an unprecedented tool for the
whole lifecycle of an eye tracking study.
With NYAN 2.0XT you have the possibility
to conduct a broad range of studies - from
psychological and physiological
experiments and human computer interaction
to usability testing and market research.
You can investigate interactive media such
 as classic websites, highly dynamic Web
2.0 content, print and online advertising
and TV commercials. With its sophisticated
analysis functions NYAN 2.0XT allows
scientific researchers to study basic
visual perception, reading, infant
behavior as well as psychological and
physiological processes.
Custos
Fonte http://www.interactive-
minds.com/en/content/nyan-20xt

Por: Josimar Alamão 40096, Eduardo Carneio 39214