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M.Highfield HSci303
Values deeplyheld,constantbeliefs aboutwhatis good &right. Morality Behaviors&beliefs aboutwhatis good &right Ethics Moralphilosophyreasoning Law reflects minimumethics & enforcedbystate Moralorientation yourconsistentbasisformakingmoral ðicaldecisions. Eaxmples:Beingagoodperson,duty, respect,lookoutfor#1,divinecommand.
Inshort
Moralityisactions&beliefs Ethicsisthinkingaboutmoralactions&beliefs Lawreflectsaminimumstandardofethics,butit isnotethics Onepersonsrightisanotherpersonsduty. Ethicaldecisionmakingisaffectedby Law Morality Values Professionalcodes
WhatisEthics?
The explicit, philosophical reflection on moral beliefs and practices. The difference between ethics and morality is similar to the difference between musicology and music. Ethics is a conscious stepping back and reflecting on morality, just as musicology is a conscious reflection on music.
http://ethics.sandiego.edu/LMH/E2/Glossary.asp
Whatismorality?
Morality is behaviors & beliefs about human decency, right/wrong, good/evil, proper/improper When you find yourself saying ought to or should
Review:Whatsthedifference?
Morality behaviors & beliefs
about human decency right/wrong good/evil & proper/improper
(Butts&Rich http://ethics.sandiego.edu/LMH/E2/Glossary.asp)
Whatislaw?
Lawreflectsaminimumstandardofethics,but itisnotethics
Ethics&Law:4quadrants
Actionscanbe: Ethical&legal Unethical&illegal Yes Ethical&illegal ETHICAL Unethicalandlegal (p.5,Davis
&Aroskar,1991).
LEGAL Yes
No
Yes No No No
No
CheckPoint!
Whatisethics?
RIGHTS:Law&Ethics
Your right issomeoneelses obligation! 1. Legalrightsare.?
WhatareValues?
Valuesaredeeplyheldbeliefsaboutwhatisgood, right,andappropriate.Valuesaredeepseatedand remainconstantovertime.Weaccumulateour valuesfromchildhoodbasedonteachingsand observationsofourparents,teachers,religious leaders,andotherinfluentialandpowerfulpeople.
Ethics&Values
Ourvaluesareoftensimilartoourbreathinginthatthey aretakenforgranted.Wedonotgothroughlife awarethatwearebreathing.Inthesamemanner,we donotalwaysrealizethatwehaveagivensetofvaluesor thatadecisionisbasedonthesevalues.Wedonotalways examineourvaluesbutsimplyacceptthemandacton them.Again,aswithbreathing,weareareapttothink aboutourvalueswhensomethinggoeswrong,becausewe thenbecomemoreawareofthem. (p.19,Davis&Aroskar,
1991)
Reference: http://personaldevelopment.suite101.com/article.cfm/what_are_values _
Values,thusmorals&moral orientationareaffectedby...
Gender Religion Culture Tradition Family Stageofdevelopment
Ethics&Healthcare: Terminology
1. Biomedicalethicsisdeterminingwhat should bedone,whatisrightorgood in should healthcareissues. 2. Ethicsclassifications Normative (whatshouldbedone)& Descriptive (whatpersonsactulaly do)
NursingEthics
(Butts&RichChapters12)
ANACode(1950/2005)
Nursingencompasses Preventionofillness Alleviationofsuffering Protection,promotion,& restorationofhealthinthecare ofindividuals,families,groups &communities. Nursesactto change thoseaspects of socialstructuresthatdetract fromhealth&wellbeing. Individualswhobecomenurses areexpectednotonlytoadhere totheidealsandmoralnormsof theprofessionbutalsoto embracethemaspartofwhatit meanstobeanurse.
1. Becauseofunavoidablesocialconnections, everypersonmakesmoralðicalchoicesin lifethataffectothers. 2. Thewellbeingofpatientsisthecentralfocusof nursing.ThisisemphasizedinANACode 3. Nursesexperiencemoralsufferingafeelingof anguishoruneasinessastheyconfrontmoral dilemmasorsuffering 4. Nursescanmovethruthesuffering.to flourishing
AMACode(2001) Themedicalprofession haslongsubscribedtoa bodyofethicalstatements developedprimarilyfor thebenefitofthepatient. Asamemberofthis profession,aphysician mustrecognize responsibilitytopatients firstandforemost,aswell asto society,to other healthprofessionals,and to self.
AnEthicalDilemma
When it is unclear what action is right or good That is.When moral claims conflict, creating
EthicalDecisionMaking (Aiken)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Collectinformation Statedilemma Listchoices Analyzepros&consofeachchoice Decide!
Conflict between rights or ethical principles (Aiken) that seems incapable of a satisfactory solution. (Davis & Aroskar, 1991).
Summary
Moralityisactions&beliefs Ethicsisthinkingaboutmoralactions&beliefs Lawreflectsaminimumstandardofethics,butit isnotethics Onepersonsrightisanotherpersonsduty. Ethicaldecisionmakingisaffectedby Law Morality Values Professionalcodes
Summary
Nursingcodesprovidestandardforbehavior. Theyarenotlaw. Legalrightsarebasedinlawethicalrightsin ultimateprinciples&rules. Wantsarenotthe sameasrights. Anactioncanbelegal/ethical,legal/unethical, illegal/ethical,illegal/unethical Ethicaldilemma=conflictingmoralclaimssothat nosinglerightorgoodanswerisclear Dolaws&codesmakepersonsgood?