Adjective Clause

Adjective Clause dinamakan juga RELATIVE CLAUSE yaitu Clause (anak kalimat) yang digunakan/berfungsi sebagai adjective yang menerangkan keadaan noun atau pronoun. Untuk lebih jelasnya penjelasan mengenai Adjective Clause, perhatikan penjelasan di bawah ini: Contoh:
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I have read the book (that) you just mentioned. Main Clause: I have read the book. Subordinate Clause: (that) you just mentioned.

Anak kalimat menerangkan kata benda the book, disebut dengan Adjective Clause
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The lesson (that) she is learning is very difficult. Main Clause: The lesson is very difficult. Subordinate Clause: (that) she is learning.

Berdasarkan pada the Antecedent yang ditunjuk oleh introductory words (kata-kata pendahulunya), Adjective Clause dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi 2 macam, yaitu: 1. Relative Pronoun
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Kata Ganti Orang Kata Penghubung yang digunakan adalah : Who, Whom, Whose, That Fungsi : a. Subjek: - He paid the money to the man who / that had done the work b. Objek Kata Kerja: - He paid the man whom/that he had hired. c. Objek Kata Depan: - He paid the man from whom he had borrowed the money. d. Kata Ganti Kepunyaan: - This is the girl whose picture you saw.

Benda, Binatang Kata Penghubung yang digunakan adalah: Which, that Fungsi: a. Subjek: - Here is a book which/that describes animals. b. Objek Kata Kerja: - The chair which/that he broke is being repaired. c. Objek Kata Depan: - She was wearing the coat for which she had paid $2,00.

2. Relative Adverbs
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Waktu Kata Penghubung yang digunakan: when - This is the year when the Olympic Games are held.

Tempat Kata Penghubung yang digunakan: where - Here is the house where I live.

Alasan Kata Penghubung yang digunakan: when - Give me one good reason why you did that.

1. Relative Pronoun Yaitu Adjective Clause dengan memakai kata penghubung Relative Pronoun.
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The boy is called Bob. He gave me a present. o The boy who gave me a present is called Bob. atau o The boy who is called Bob gave me a present.

Beberapa contoh Adjective Clause lainnya:

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The boy whose radio was stolen is a student. The girl whom I gave a special reward is a bright student. The bike which I borrowed last week was sold.

2. Relative Adverb Pelajaran tentang ini dibahas lebih lengkap pada Relative Clause. Hal-hal yang perlu ditambahkan di sini, yaitu:
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Kata Why (yang menunjukkan alasan) yang menjadi Adverb penghubung, mungkin (kadang-kadang) dapat digantikan dengan that atau kadang-kadang dapat dihilangkan dalam kalimat. - The reason (that) I came should be obvious to you. - The reason (why) I came should be obvious to you. - The reason I came should be obvious to you.

When atau Where Bering dapat Baling ditukarkan dengan Preposition yang menunjukkan tempat (a preposition of Place) ditambah dengan Which. - The small town in which (= where) I was born has grown to a large metropolis. - The day on which (= when) they were to leave finally arrived.

Kadang-kadang that dapat menggantikan where atau when.

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The day that (or when, on which) the trial was to take place was a stormy one. Please suggest a good place that (or where) we can meet

Beberapa Hal Penting yang Berkaitan dengan Adjective Clause

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Perubahan dari Adjective Clause menjadi Adjective Phrase. Adjective Clause dapat dirubah menjadi Adjective Phrase yang menjelaskan noun tanpa ada perubahan arti kalimat. o Hanya Adjective Clause yang mempunyai subjek pronoun: who, which atau that yang dapat dirubah menjadi Adjective Phrase. o Adjective Clause dengan subjek: whom tidak dapat dirubah menjadi Adjective Phrase.
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Perhatikan Contoh berikut: a. Adjective Clause * The girl who is sitting next to me is Lisa. ==> The boy is playing the piano is Bent. b. Adjective Phrase * The girl sitting next to me is Lisa. ==> The boy playing the piano is Bent.
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Cara mengubah Adjective Clause menjadi Adjective Phrase. (1) Subjek pronoun dan verb be dihilangkan. * Adjective Clause: The man who is talking to Taylor is from Japan. * Adjective Phrase: The man talking to Taylor is from Japan. * Adjective Clause: The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting.

* Adjective Phrase: The ideas presented in that book are interesting. * Adjective Clause: Ali is the man who is responsible for preparing the budget. * Adjective Phrase: Ali is the man responsible for preparing the budget. * Adjective Clause: The books that are on the shelf are mine. * Adjective Phrase: The books on the shelf are mine. (2) Jika tidak ada verb be dalam Adjective Clause, seringkali subjek pronoun dapat dihilangkan dan mengubah kata kerja dalam Clause itu menjadi bentuk -ing. * Adjective Clause: English has an alphabet that consists of 26 letters. * Adjective Phrase: English has an alphabet consisting of 26 letters. * Adjective Clause: Anyone who wants to come with us is welcome. * Adjective Phrase: Anyone wanting to come with us is welcome.
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Seringkali Adjective Clause digunakan dalam pola: noun + of which. Pola ini terutama digunakan untuk tulisan bahasa Inggris resmi (formal written English). Dalam pola ini biasanya Adjective Clause menerangkan "sesuatu". * We have an antique table. The top of it has jade inlay. o We have an antique table, the top of which has jade inlay. o We toured a 300-year-old house. The exterior of the house consisted of logs cemented with clay. o We toured a 300-year-old house, the exterior of which consisted of logs cemented with lay.

Adjective Clause sering digunakan untuk mengungkapkan kuantitas dengan of. Ungkapan kuantitas mendahului pronoun, dan hanya whom, which, dan whose yang digunakan dalam pola ini. Ungkapan kuantitas dengan "of" antara lain: some of, none of, both of, one of, many of, two of, all of, each of, most of, dll. * There are 20 students in my class. Most of them are from the Outside Java. --> There are 20 students in my class, most of whom are from the Outside Java. * He gave several reasons. Only a few of them were valid. --> He gave several reasons, only a few of which were valid.

Tanda Baca pada Adjective Clauses Pedoman umum dalam Tanda Baca pada Adjective Clauses yaitu: Jangan menggunakan tanda koma bila Adjective Clause diperlukan untuk mengidentifikasi noun yang dijelaskan olehnya. o Gunakanlah tanda koma bila Adjective Clause hanya berfungsi untuk memberi informasi tambahan dan tidak dimaksudkan untuk mengidentifikasi noun yang dijelaskan olehnya.  Henry whose wife works at a bank came to my house yesterday.  Alex, whose wife works at a bank, came to my house yesterday.
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The Adjective Clause

Recognize an adjective clause when you see one. An adjective clausealso called an adjectival or relative clausewill meet three requirements:
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First, it will contain a subject and verb. Next, it will begin with a relative pronoun [who, whom, whose, that, or which] or a relative adverb [when, where, or why]. Finally, it will function as an adjective, answering the questions What kind? How many? or Which one?

The adjective clause will follow one of these two patterns: relative pronoun or adverb + subject + verb

relative pronoun as subject + verb

Here are some examples: Whose big, brown eyes pleaded for another cookie Whose = relative pronoun; eyes = subject; pleaded = verb. Why Fred cannot stand sitting across from his sister Melanie Why = relative adverb; Fred = subject; can stand = verb [not, an adverb, is not officially part of the verb]. That bounced across the kitchen floor That = relative pronoun functioning as subject; bounced = verb. Who hiccupped for seven hours afterward Who = relative pronoun functioning as subject; hiccupped = verb. Avoid writing a sentence fragment. An adjective clause does not express a complete thought, so it cannot stand alone as a sentence. To avoid writing a fragment, you must connect each adjective clause to a main clause. Read the examples below. Notice that the adjective clause follows the word that it describes. Diane felt manipulated by her beagle Santana, whose big, brown eyes pleaded for another cookie. Chewing with her mouth open is one reason why Fred cannot stand sitting across from his sister Melanie. Growling ferociously, Oreo and Skeeter, Madison's two dogs, competed for the hardboiled egg that bounced across the kitchen floor.

Laughter erupted from Annamarie, who hiccupped for seven hours afterward. Punctuate an adjective clause correctly. Punctuating adjective clauses can be tricky. For each sentence, you will have to decide if the adjective clause is essential or nonessential and then use commas accordingly. Essential clauses do not require commas. An adjective clause is essential when you need the information it provides. Look at this example: The vegetables that people leave uneaten are often the most nutritious. Vegetables is nonspecific. To know which ones we are talking about, we must have the information in the adjective clause. Thus, the adjective clause is essential and requires no commas. If, however, we eliminate vegetables and choose a more specific noun instead, the adjective clause becomes nonessential and does require commas to separate it from the rest of the sentence. Read this revision: Broccoli, which people often leave uneaten, is very nutritious.

At a certain point in your writing in English, you should be able to identify every sentence you write as simple, compound, or complex. Two additional structures, adjective clauses and appositives, will give you a much greater sentence variety within which to accomplish your writing objectives. This page contains a small amount of information about adjective clauses along with just ten very difficult exercises. First, we will define what adjective clauses are and how they work. An adjective clause is a dependent clause that modifies a noun. It is possible to combine the following two sentences to form one sentence containing an adjective clause: The children are going to visit the museum. They are on the bus. The children who are on the bus are going to visit the museum. | adjective clause | In the sentence above, there are two other ways to write the sentence correctly using the second sentence as the adjective clause. The children that are on the bus are going to visit the museum. The children on the bus are going to visit the museum. Some other sentences can be combined into a sentence using adjective clauses in a variety of ways, and they are all correct. Note the variety of ways in which the following two sentences can be combined.

The church is old. My grandparents were married there. The church where my grandparents were married is old. The church in which my grandparents were married is old. The church which my grandparents were married in is old. The church that my grandparents were married in is old. The church my grandparents were married in is old. In the sentences above, the adjective clauses are underlined. All answers are correct. Note the use of the word "in" and how and where it is used. IMPORTANT NOTE ABOUT PUNCTUATION Managing simple, compound, and complex sentences, and then adding adjective clauses into the mix can result in some confusing situations regarding punctuation. There are some specific rules when punctuation is permissible or required around adjective clauses (when the information in the adjective clause is non-essential information); however, in my composition classes, I insist that students NOT use commas around adjective clauses for several reasons. First, non-essential information should generally be avoided in academic writing, at least in the short essays required for these composition classes. Thus, not including the commas will more often be right than wrong. Second, my Spanish speaking students have a natural tendency to write long sentences using many commas inappropriately. By not using commas around adjective clauses, students can perhaps more readily recognize when a period is required. Third, I believe it is easier to learn to apply commas later when they are required than the other way around. Indiscriminate use of commas is a hard habit to undo in my experience. Therefore do not use commas around adjective clauses, at least for one semester. Are you ready to take the quiz? This quiz is very difficult. These sentences are actually the hardest I could find (in the sense that you need to know ALL the rules in order to get them all correct), so please follow the directions carefully. 1. Do not use commas in any of the completed sentences. 2. Make adjective clauses of the second sentence in every case. (Obviously, any of these sentences could be written using the first sentence as the adjective clause; however, making adjective clauses of the second sentence is harder because it requires knowledge of all the "rules" of writing adjective clauses.) 3. Spell correctly! This quiz is "graded" by computer, so any spelling mistake or punctuation error, like forgetting a period at the end of a sentence, will be counted wrong.