LNG and Low Temperature Gas Storage

www.oerlikon-welding.com

OERLIKON Welding Solutions for LNG and Low Temperature Gas Storage

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 OERLIKON Solutions for LNG and Low Temperature Gas Storage . . . 3

Consumables
LNG Onshore storage Background and Construction Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 to 6 Fabrication Guidelines - Welding Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 to 9 OERLIKON consumables selection Summary of Welding Consumables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 to 11 Classification Society Approvals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 to 13 Product Focus: Welding Consumables for Low Alloy Ferritic steels for low temperature service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Other Gas Storage and Low Temperature Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Propane Acetylene Argon Ammonia Carbon Dioxide Oxygen Ethane Ethylene Associated stainless steel applications Consumables Packaging
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16

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Arc Equipment
MIG/MAG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 19 TIG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 MMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Plasma Cutting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Automation
Automatic Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 to 24 Automatic Cutting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 26

Personal Protection Equipment, PPE and Workplace Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Conversion Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 to 31 Welding Positions
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31
1

Introduction
Air Liquide SA, with its headquarters in Paris, France, is one of Europes larger multinational companies with a consolidated turnover of 13.5 billion in 2010.

Air Liquide Welding is represented throughout the world by individual ALW companies with a brand portfolio optimised locally to the needs of all types of customers. OERLIKON brand is an important part of this portfolio and has a long and distinguished history of innovation in welding products. These ALW companies are involved in many different areas of OERLIKON product design, development and application. The research and development centre, AL CTAS, is located in Paris and is the largest privately owned centre for welding R&D. This facilitates the rapid transfer and implementation of important innovations and advances in welding technology throughout the whole of the OERLIKON global network. The utilisation of the strengths and experience of this network enables OERLIKON to maintain its position and international reputation for innovative leadership at the forefront of advanced welding technology in both welding consumables and increasingly equipment and processes.

With this background, OERLIKON has generated a proven history of supplying welding consumables on an ongoing basis for the most demanding and critical cryogenic applications such as LNG storage and for applications requiring high levels of fracture toughness at low temperatures. OERLIKON has continued to work closely with owners, construction contractors and fabricators to supply customised solutions through performance and innovation by developing and supplying welding consumables and processes capable of meeting the stringent mechanical property specifications and increasingly the demands for enhanced welding productivity. OERLIKON welding consumables are now accompanied by extensive ranges of high quality arc welding and cutting equipment, manual through to fully automated installations, flame and workplace products.

OERLIKON Welding Solutions for LNG and Low Temperature Gas Storage

The value of international expertise:

Quality
OERLIKON has a total commitment to quality. The product ranges are manufactured in group production facilities, all of which are ISO certified. Detailed certification for welding consumables is supplied as a matter of routine and customers special quality requirements for increased frequency of batch testing or specialised certification are also readily accommodated. Large single batches of welding consumables, with specialised testing, are regularly supplied to customers fabricating LNG storage tanks.

Flexibility
The OERLIKON product range is continuously developing in response to changing technological requirements. For example, as new steel types are developed and used, as new more demanding applications are developed, so OERLIKON reacts to provide the right products, regularly meeting engineering departments and major manufacturers at the design stage to ensure optimum welding solutions.

Information
All OERLIKON products are backed by a full technical information package, which is available in printed or electronic format, on the OERLIKON web sites. Product information is written to enable the professional welding engineer to select the correct OERLIKON product for the application. In order to elaborate the technology of the product range in more detail, technical articles are available in the journal of OERLIKONs welding and cutting expertise, Competence.

Technical Service
OERLIKONs involvement with its products does not stop at manufacture. OERLIKON provides a close and detailed participation with the application of products, right from the initial selection to welding characteristics on site. A team of highly qualified engineers is ready to respond, with the objective of providing technologically relevant and practical solutions. For technically demanding applications, please consult OERLIKON Technical service. A large information base is at the service of every customer to ensure the most cost effective selection of process and welding procedure to meet the needs of any application.
Steel Type Fine Grained C/Mn steel 0.5% Ni 1.5% Ni steel 2.5% Ni steel 3.5% Ni steel 5% Ni steel 9% Ni steel Austenitic Stainless steel Specification of BM EN10028-3 P460NL2 EN 10028-4 11MnNi5-3 13MnNi6-3 EN10028-4 15NiMn6 ASTM A203 Gr.B ASTM A203 Gr.E-F EN 10028-4 12Ni14 EN 10028-4 X12Ni5 A353/A553 EN 10028-4 X8Ni9 304L, 316L Min service temperature C -50 C -60 C -60 C / -80 C -60 C / -80 C -101 C -120 C -196 C -273 C Process / product stored Ammonia, Propane (LPG) LPG, Propylene Ammonia, Propane Ammonia, Propane Carbon dioxide, Acetylene, Ethane Ethylene (LEG) Methane (LNG), Oxygen, Argon Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Helium

Track Record
OERLIKON is a technological innovator and major supplier of welding products to large industries. A track record of highly successful products combining quality and technology with technical service has been firmly established.

Demand the Welding Expertise

For details of the complete product range, consult www.oerlikon-welding.com
2010-807

LNG Onshore Storage: Background and Construction Considerations

Natural gas represents a significant part of total world energy consumption, driven by both economic & ecological advantages. The reserves of natural gas are generally remote from the points of consumption, leading to major investments in transportation and storage.

Natural gas cooled to -162C at atmospheric pressure condenses to a liquid known as liquid natural gas or LNG. LNG is an efficient route for transportation and storage as the liquid gas occupies ~1/600th the volume of natural gas.

9%Ni steel specifications and a summary of mechanical properties are shown below:
Specification A 553 Yield Strength Tensile Strength Elongation > 20% > 20% > 18% > 18% CVN at -196 C > 34 J > 34 J > 70 J > 100 J

> 585 MPa 690-825 MPa > 515 MPa 690-825 MPa > 585 MPa 680-820 MPa > 585 MPa 680-820 MPa

Material selection for LNG large storage tanks

Material dedicated for storage & transportation of natural gas at cryogenic temperatures should have high ductility and resistance to cracking. For economic reasons, a high strength steel grade is required in order to reduce the section thicknesses and hence the weight of steel sections when building cryogenic storage tanks. 9%nickel steel is selected, in place of stainless steels, due to the combination of high strength and reliable fracture toughness at -196 C. Due to the combination of a low carbon content and low levels of impurity elements with a process route including heat treatment cycles such as quenching or normalising followed by a tempering treatment, 9%Ni steel retains reliable mechanical properties at cryogenic temperatures.
9% Ni steel

A 353 EN 10028-4 X8Ni9 EN 10028-4 X7Ni9

2010-808

There are several types and designs of onshore tanks for the storage of LNG, designed for single, double or full containment in case of fire, or an in-ground system may be used, selected as appropriate for the surroundings of the tank. These LNG tanks are large structures, typically approximately 80 m diameter and 40 m in height containing ~150,000 m3 of LNG, comprising an inner 9%Ni tank contained within an outer structural steel vapour barrier, with an insulated cavity in between, within the slip-formed concrete tank. Design studies are in progress to confirm the possibilities of larger onshore cryogenic tanks with a useable capacity of up to 300,000 m3 of LNG. During fabrication of an onshore LNG tank, the dome roof is fabricated inside the structure and on completion is raised to the top. The plate thicknesses of the tank vary to accommodate the hydrostatic loading from the liquid gas, tapering from typically 27 mm at the bottom to 10 mm at the top of the tank.

LNG Onshore Storage: Fabrication Guidelines and Welding Procedures

9%Ni steels are easily and strongly magnetised, consequently arc blow caused by residual magnetism is a consideration. OERLIKON welding consumables for fabricating 9%Ni steels are designed for operation on alternating current with all power source technologies.

The fabrication sequence is to weld the horizontal seams in the PC position using the submerged arc process with AC polarity, simultaneously from both sides, with either OERLIKON OP 76/ NIFIL 625 or OP F77/ NIFIL C276. The vertical and overhead seams, PE and PG positions respectively, are welded using the manual metal arc process with OERLIKON FREEZAL ENi9 with AC polarity. In these section thicknesses a low pre-heat only of +10 C may be required as there are large quantities of austenite in the plate microstructure and therefore the susceptibility to hydrogen, cold, cracking is inherently low. The maximum interpass temperature used is generally 150 C. These applications are further illustrated with the typical welding procedures shown on pp 7 to 9. Internally, below the dome roof is an insulated aluminium deck fabricated in alloy 5083, welded using the MIG and TIG processes with grade 5183 consumables. 5083 series wrought aluminium alloys contain Mg as the major alloying element and are used in LNG storage tanks for the construction of walkways, due to the combination of weight and mechanical properties.

During fabrication using the MIG and TIG processes, attention should be given to shielding gas purity and cleaning techniques. The OERLIKON CITOWAVE power sources have special operating modes used when welding aluminium alloys, the Spray ModalTM and Cold Double PulseTM modes, which reduce the risk of micro porosity, increase penetration and minimise distortion when welding, see pages 18 & 19. ALUFIL AlMg4.5Mn and ALUROD AlMg4.5Mn are 5183 grade aluminium alloy MIG wire and TIG rod respectively used for welding 5083, and similar alloy grades, where a combination of corrosion resistance with high joint strength and toughness are required. Within an LNG import terminal and regasification plant there is associated pipe work, which is typically fabricated in 300 series stainless steels with expansion loops to accommodate the high coefficient of thermal expansion. Typically, 304L pipe is joined using the MMA and TIG processes, for MMA, OERLIKON BASINOX 308LT and for TIG, OERLIKON INERTROD 308L. For dissimilar steel joints of 300 series stainless steels to C-Mn pipe work, MMA OERLIKON BASINOX 309L and TIG OERLIKON INERTROD 309L are preferred.

2010-810

Summary of Welding Consumables for LNG Storage 9%Ni Steel Applications

OERLIKON is regularly involved in engineering programmes to generate innovative solutions to new applications,in this case resulting in specialist welding consumables designed for the fabrication of 9%Ni steel.

OERLIKON Welding Consumables for 9%Ni material

OERLIKON has developed welding solutions for 9%nickel steels based on both matching and nickel alloy material solutions. Currently, matching solutions are not considered for the fabrication of large LNG storage tanks. 9%Ni matching solid and OERLIKON FLUXOCORD SAW wires in combination with the GTAW or PAW processes have demonstrated the ability to achieve high levels of weld metal toughness and tensile strength, however the levels of deposition efficiency are not sufficient for the fabrication of large LNG storage tanks. When post weld heat treatment is possible, the SAW process with 9%Ni matching consumables becomes an option. Large cryogenic storage tanks are subject to expansion and contraction in service. The selection of welding consumables is related to the capacity to limit the stress concentration in the weld metal responsible for thermal fatigue. Therefore, non matching welding consumables should be selected with an expansion coefficient as close to 9%Ni steel as possible.
18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 -200

FREEZAL ENi9 has optimised mechanical properties, ductility and elongation, meeting the most stringent CTOD specifications with safe and reliable levels of lateral expansion required down to -196 C. The coating design and use of specialist raw materials reduces the level of residual and impurity elements responsible for hot cracking, FREEZAL ENi9 satisfies all stringent hot cracking tests, such as Varestrain. OERLIKON FREEZAL ENi9 has a deposition efficiency of 150% enabling high levels of MMA productivity during fabrication in all welding positions. OERLIKON DRY packaging ensures these electrodes are ready for use during on site storage tank construction. Typical specification for weld metal mechanical properties:
Yield Strength > 430 Tensile Elon- ISO-V (J) CTOD (mm) Strength gation -196 C -196 C > 690 > 35 > 70 0.30 Lateral Expansion (%) -196 C > 0.38

which is achieved using the new OERLIKON consumables:

OERLIKON Flux & Wire solutions for SAW process

OP 76 is a agglomerated fluoride basic type submerged arc flux with a Boniszewski basicity index of 2.7. The high basicity index will provide a hot crack free weld metal. The metallurgical behaviour with respect to carbon, manganese and silicon is neutral. OP 76 is used in combination with NIFIL 625 solid wire for welding 9%Ni steel for as welded applications, typically in the PC or 2G position. Stable operation on AC polarity, the weld deposit has a high resistance to hot cracking and excellent cryogenic weld metal fracture toughness. OP F77 is a fused calcium silicate type submerged arc flux with a Boniszewski basicity index of 1.3. Especially designed by OERLIKON to give the best operating condition in the horizontal position, welding both sides simultaneously. The metallurgical behaviour with respect to silicon is neutral and manganese is reduced. Used in combination with NIFIL C276 solid wire for welding 9%Ni steel for as welded applications, this combination is optimised for welding in the PC or 2G position with excellent slag removal. Stable operation on AC polarity, the weld deposit has a high resistance to hot cracking validated by Varestrain testing and excellent cryogenic weld metal fracture toughness. OP F77 is ideal for tank construction because of its non hygroscopic properties. Both SAW solutions fullfill the most stringent engineering specification in terms of CTOD and lateral expansion at -196 C and hot cracking sensitivity testing.

Linear thermal expansion

BASINOX 308 LT FREEZAL ENi9 EN 10028-4 X8Ni9 -150 -100 Test Temperature C -50 0

Comparison of thermal expansion for 9%Nickel steel and OERLIKON consumables FREEZAL ENi9 & BASINOX 308 LT.

Stainless steel welding consumables are widely used for cryogenic applications, e.g. INERTROD 308L, INERTFIL 308L, BASINOX 308LT, but are not considered when fabricating large tanks because of the risk of failure linked to the differential coefficients of expansion in comparison to ASTM A 353/553 or EN 10028-4 X8Ni9 grades.

OERLIKON MMA electrode

The new OERLIKON FREEZAL ENi9 electrode is a nickel base MMA electrode designed to deposit weld metal with a coefficient of expansion which is close to the 9%Ni steel used for large LNG storage tanks.
6

Fabrication Guidelines: Welding Procedure

Base Metal: EN 10028-4: X7Ni9 Thickness: 17.2 mm
Preheat: 20 C Interpass: Maximum 150 C
Run Welding Process Welding Technique Welding Welding Position Travel Direction Brand Name Product Name Filler Metals AWS Classification EN Classification Size (mm) Brand Name Product Name SAW Flux AWS Classification EN Classification Current Type Current Polarity Welding Parameter Amps (A) Volts (V) Travel Speed (cm/min) AC 95 23 10-15 SA FB 2 55 AC H5 DC + 250 27 40-43 PC Horizontal OERLIKON FREEZAL ENi9 E NiCrMo-6 E Ni 6620 2.5 PC Horizontal OERLIKON NIFIL 625 E NiCrMo-3 S Ni 6625 1.6 OERLIKON OP 76 1 SMAW Manual 2 to 3 SAW Automatic

Joint design

45 45

15 1-2 mm

2 mm

17.2 mm

Pass Sequence
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 10 12 11 9 13

Base Metal: EN 10028-4: X8Ni9 Thickness: 16.5 mm

Preheat: 20 C Interpass: Maximum 150 C Joint design
60
Run Type Welding Process Welding Technique Welding Welding Position Travel Direction PF Vertical up OERLIKON FREEZAL ENi9 E NiCrMo-6 E Ni 6620 3.2 AC 85-95 21-24 8-12 PF Vertical up OERLIKON FREEZAL ENi9 E NiCrMo-6 E Ni 6620 3.2 AC 100-110 21-24 15-18 PF Vertical up OERLIKON FREEZAL ENi9 E NiCrMo-6 E Ni 6620 3.2 AC 90-100 21-24 8-12 PF Vertical up OERLIKON FREEZAL ENi9 E NiCrMo-6 E Ni 6620 3.2 AC 90-100 21-24 10-15 1 ROOT SMAW Manual 2-3-4 7-8-9 CAP SMAW Manual 5 HOT SMAW Manual 6 FILL SMAW Manual

16 mm

2 mm
SMAW electrode

Brand Name Product Name AWS Classification EN Classification Size (mm)

2.4 mm

Pass Sequence
2 3 1 6 7 8 9 4 5 after back gouging
Welding Parameter

Current Type Current Polarity Amps (A) Volts (V) Travel Speed (cm/min)

Fabrication Guidelines: Welding Procedure

Base Metal: EN 10028-4: X8Ni9 Thickness: 12 mm
Preheat: 20 C Interpass: Maximum 150 C Joint design Torch Angle - Front view

60
25

10 2 mm

12 mm

Pass Sequence

Torch Angle - Top view

25 C
3 1 2 4

15 mm 25 C

Run Type Welding Process Welding Welding Technique Welding Position Travel Direction Brand Name Product Name SAW Wire AWS Classification EN Classification Size (mm) Brand Name SAW Flux Product Name AWS Classification EN Classification Current Type Current Polarity Welding Parameter Amps (A) Volts (V) Travel Speed (cm/min) Note

1 ROOT SAW Automatic PC Horizontal OERLIKON NIFIL C276 ER NiCrMo-4 S Ni 6276 2.4 OERLIKON OP F77 SF CS 2 65 AC H5 AC 330-350 29-31 36-40

2 HOT SAW Automatic PC Horizontal OERLIKON NIFIL C276 ER NiCrMo-4 S Ni 6276 2.4 OERLIKON OP F77 SF CS 2 65 AC H5 AC 340-360 29-31 36-40

3 CAP SAW Automatic PC Horizontal OERLIKON NIFIL C276 ER NiCrMo-4 S Ni 6276 2.4 OERLIKON OP F77 SF CS 2 65 AC H5 AC 300-320 28-32 55-65

4 CAP SAW Automatic PC Horizontal OERLIKON NIFIL C276 ER NiCrMo-4 S Ni 6276 2.4 OERLIKON OP F77 SF CS 2 65 AC H5 AC 310-330 28-32 55-65

Dual side welding. The root runs 1 and 2 are performed at the same time using a double side SAW welding equipment

Fabrication Guidelines: Welding Procedure

Base Metal: EN 10028-4: X8Ni9 Thickness: 25 mm
Preheat: 20 C Interpass: Maximum 150 C Joint design Torch Angle - Front view

45 5
25 25

20 5 2 mm

1-2 mm
2 mm

25 mm

25 mm

Pass Sequence

Torch Angle - Top view

13 11 9 7 5 3 1 2

14 6 12 4 10 8

25 C 150 mm 25 C

Run Type Welding Process Welding Welding Technique Welding Position Travel Direction Brand Name Product Name SAW Wire AWS Classification EN Classification Size (mm) Brand Name SAW Flux Product Name AWS Classification EN Classification Current Type Current Polarity Welding Parameter Amps (A) Volts (V) Travel Speed (cm/min) Note

1 ROOT SAW Automatic PC Horizontal OERLIKON NIFIL C276 ER NiCrMo-4 S Ni 6276 2.4 OERLIKON OP F77 SF CS 2 65 AC H5 AC 310-330 28-32 32-40

2 HOT SAW Automatic PC Horizontal OERLIKON NIFIL C276 ER NiCrMo-4 S Ni 6276 2.4 OERLIKON OP F77 SF CS 2 65 AC H5 AC 330-380 29-31 32-40

3-6 FILL SAW Automatic PC Horizontal OERLIKON NIFIL C276 ER NiCrMo-4 S Ni 6276 2.4 OERLIKON OP F77 SF CS 2 65 AC H5 AC 300-340 28-32 36-40

7 - 14 CAP SAW Automatic PC Horizontal OERLIKON NIFIL C276 ER NiCrMo-4 S Ni 6276 2.4 OERLIKON OP F77 SF CS 2 65 AC H5 AC 350-380 28-32 50-55

The weld root runs 1 and 2 are performed separately, then simultaneously from 3 to 14

Selection Guide
Selected OERLIKON Welding Consumables for LNG Tanks, Cryogenic and Low Temperature Installations. All weld metal properties, as welded condition.
Type 9%Ni Steels SMAW SAW GMAW GTAW 5%Ni Steels SMAW ISO-V -196 C FREEZAL ENi9 OP 76/NIFIL 625 OP F77/NIFIL C276 NIFIL 625 NIROD 625 ISO-V -120 C BASINOX 20 16L OP 33/OE-20 16L SAW OP F500/OE-20 16L GMAW GTAW INERTFIL 20 16L INERTROD 20 16L ISO-V -101 C A5.5: E7016-C2L A5.5: E8018-C2 F8A15-F7P15 ENi3-Ni3 A5.28: ER 80S-Ni3 A5.5: E7018-C1L A5.5: E8018-C1 H4 A5.28: ER 80S-Ni2 A5.28: ER 80S-Ni2 A5.29: E70T5 GM-JH4 A5.23: F7AP10 ENi2-Ni2 ISO-V from -60 C to -50 C A5.1: E7018-1 H4 A5.1: E7018-1 H4 A5.1: E7018-1 H4 A5.5: E7018-G H4 A5.5: E7018-G A5.28: ER 80S-Ni1 A5.28: ER 80S-Ni1 A5.29: E80T5 GC/GM-H4 A5.29: E81T1-Ni1M-H4 A5.29: E81T1-Ni1M-H4 A5.18: E70C-6M H4 A5.29: E91T1-GMH4 A5.17: F7A8-F7P8 EH12K A5.23: F7A8-F7P10-ENi1-Ni1 A5.10: ER 5183 A5.10: ER 5183 A5.4: 308L-15 A5.4: 316L-15 A5.9: ER 308L A5.9: ER 316L A5.9: ER 308L A5.9: ER 316L A5.22: E308LT1-1/4 A5.22: E316LT1-1/4 A5.9: ER 308L A5.9: ER 308L 2560-A: E 42 5 B 32 H5 2560-A: E 42 5 B 32 H5 2560-A: E 42 6 B 42 H5 2560-A: E 46 6 1Ni B 42 H5 2560-A: E 46 6 1Ni B 32 H5 14341-A: G 46 6 M G3Ni1 636-A: W 46 6 M W3Ni1 17632-A: T 46 6 1Ni B C/M 2 H5 17632-A: T 46 5 1Ni P M 1 H5 17632-A: T 46 6 1Ni P M 1 H5 17632-A: T 46 6 Mn1Ni M M 1 H5 18276-A: T 55 5M 1,5Ni P M 1 H5 Flux EN 756: S 46 5 FB S3Si Flux EN 756: S 42 6 FB S2Ni1 18273: S Al 5183 18273: S Al 5183 1600: E 19 9 L B 12 1600: E 19 12 2 B 12 14343-A: G 19 9 L 14343-A: G 19 12 3 L 14343-A: W 19 9 L 14343-A: W 19 12 3 L 17633-A: T 19 9 L P C1/M1 17633-A: T 19 12 3 L P C1/M1 Flux EN 760: SA AF 2 54 DC Flux EN 760: SA FB 2 53 AC M21 l1 C1 / M21 M21 M21 M21 M21 l1, I3 l1, I3 M13 M13 l1 l1 C1/M21 C1/M21 0.05 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.05 <0.03 <0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 <0.04 <0.04 <0.03 <0.03 1.2 1.35 1.5 1.3 1.4 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.35 1.45 1 1.6 0.98 0.8 0.8 1.5 1.5 1.8 1.4 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 0.4 0.35 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.95 0.9 0.9 0.9 1 0.85 0.8 0.8 1.5 0.85 10 12 10 12.5 10 12.5 10 12 9 9.5 2560-A: E 42 6 3Ni B 12 H5 2560-A: E 46 6 3Ni B 32 H5 Flux EN 760: SA FB 1 55 AC H5 636-B: W55A 10 WN71 2560-A: E 42 6 2Ni B 32 H5 2560-A: E 46 6 2Ni B 42 H5 14341-A: G 46 7 M G2Ni2 636-A: W 46 9 M W2Ni2 17632-A: T 42 8 2Ni B M 2 H5 Flux EN 756: S 62 6 FB S2 Ni2 l1 M21 l1 M21 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.05 0.07 0.5 0.75 0.9 0.8 0.5 1.1 0.8 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.3 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.5 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.3 OE-CRYO 87 FREEZAL ENi3 OP 121TTW/OE-S2Ni3 CARBOROD Ni3 ISO-V from -80 C to -60 C OE CRYO 75H TENACITO 70B CARBOFIL Ni2 CARBOROD Ni2 FLUXOFIL 44 OP 121TTW/OE-S2Ni2 SUPERCITO 7018S TENAX 35S SMAW TENACITO R TENACITO 38R TENAX 76S GMAW GTAW CARBOFIL Ni1 CARBOROD Ni1 FLUXOFIL 40 CITOFLUX R82 FCAW CITOFLUX R82 SR CITOFLUX M20 CITOFLUX R550 SAW OP 121TT(W)/OE-SD3 OP 121TTW/OE-S2Ni1 ALUFIL AlMg 4.5Mn ALUROD AlMg 4.5Mn BASINOX 308LT BASINOX 316LT INERTFIL 308L INERTFIL 316L INERTROD 308L INERTROD 316L FLUXINOX 308L-PF FLUXINOX 316L-PF OP 33/OE-308L OP F500/OE-308L 1600: E 20 16 3 Mn N L Flux 760: SA AF 2 54 DC Wire 14343-A: S 20 16 3 Mn L Flux 760: SA FB 2 53 AC Wire 14343-A: S 20 16 3 Mn L 14343-A: G 20 16 3 Mn N L 14343-A: W 20 16 3 Mn N L M12,M13 I1 0.025 <0.015 <0.015 0.02 0.02 7 7 7 7 7 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.9 0.9 16 16 16 17 17 A5.11: ENiCrMo-6 Wire AWS A5.14: ER NiCrMo-3 Wire AWS A5.14: ER NiCrMo-4 A5.14: ER NiCrMo-3 A5.14: ER NiCrMo-3 14172:E Ni 6620 Flux 760: SA FB 2 55 AC H5 Flux 760: SF CS 2 65 AC H5 18274: S Ni 6625 18274: S Ni 6625 I1/I3 I1 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.025 0.025 3.5 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Rem 60 Rem Rem Rem AWS EN Shielding Gas C Mn Si Ni

3.5%Ni Steels SMAW SAW GTAW

2.5%Ni Steels SMAW GMAW GTAW FCAW SAW

Low Temperature Structural Steels

Aluminium Alloy 5083 GMAW GTAW

Associated Stainless Steels SMAW GMAW GTAW FCAW SAW

10

Cr

Mo

Nb

Fe

Ti

Mg

Cu

Al

Tensile Yield Strength Strength MPa MPa >430 >450 >450 >460 >460 >320 >390 >390 >450 >450 >420 >460 >480 >460 >420 >480 >460 >460 >420 >450 >420 >420 >420 >460 460 >480 >480 >470 >460 >460 >460 >550 >450 >420 >125 >125 >320 >350 >350 >350 >350 >350 >350 >320 >350 >350

A5d % >35 >23 >35 >30 >30 >30 >35 >35 >38 >38 >25 >24 >25 >22 >26 >22 >22 >24 >26 >24 >24 >22 >25 >25 >22 >24 >24 >24 >22 >22 >26 >20 >25 >24 >17 >17 >35 >35 >35 >30 >35 >30 >35 >30 >35 >35

ISO-V Joules >70 >75 >70 >40 >40 >27 >30 >30 >32 >32 >47 >40 >50 >47 >80 >70 >47 >47 >70 >50 >70 >100 >90 >110 >90 >47 >47 >60 >80 >47 >80 >47 >80 >70 >32 >40 >40 >32 >40 >32 >32 >27 >30 >30 C 9%Ni Steels

Type ISO-V -196 C SMAW SAW GMAW GTAW SMAW

13.7 23 15.5 21 21 20 20 20 20 20 0.1 0.1 19 17.5 20 19 20 19 20 19 18 19

6.8 10 16 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 0.15 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.8 -

1.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 -

<5 6 3 3 0.1 0.1 -

1.35 3.5 -

0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 -

4.5 4.5 -

0.1 0.1 -

Rem Rem -

>690 >760 >700 >720 >720 >510 >570 >570 >580 >580 500-640 >550 560-660 >550 510-660 550-700 550-680 550-680 500-640 550-600 510-640 510-640 500-640 530-650 530-680 550-680 550-680 550-650 550-690 530-680 530-680 620-760 530-630 500-600 >275 >275 >520 >550 >520 >510 >520 >510 >520 >510 >500 >500

-196 -196 -196 -196 -196 -196 -196 -196 -196 -269 -101 -105 -101 -101 -60 -80 -90 -90 -60 -80 -50 -50 -60 -60 -60 -60 -60 -60 -50 -60 -60 -50 -50 -60 -196 -196 -196 -196 -196 -196 -196 -196 -196 -196

FREEZAL ENi9 OP 76/NIFIL 625 OP F77/NIFIL C276 NIFIL 625 NIROD 625 5%Ni Steels BASINOX 20 16L OP 33/OE-20 16L

ISO-V -120 C

SAW OP F500/OE-20 16L INERTFIL 20 16L INERTROD 20 16L 3.5%Ni Steels OE-CRYO 87 FREEZAL ENi3 OP 121TTW/OE-S2Ni3 CARBOROD Ni3 OE CRYO 75H TENACITO 70B CARBOFIL Ni2 CARBOROD Ni2 FLUXOFIL 44 OP 121TTW/OE-S2Ni2 SUPERCITO 7018S TENAX 35S TENACITO R TENACITO 38R TENAX 76S CARBOFIL Ni1 CARBOROD Ni1 FLUXOFIL 40 CITOFLUX R82 CITOFLUX R82 SR CITOFLUX M20 CITOFLUX R550 OP 121TT(W)/OE-SD3 OP 121TTW/OE-S2Ni1 ALUFIL AlMg 4.5Mn ALUROD AlMg 4.5Mn BASINOX 308LT BASINOX 316LT INERTFIL 308L INERTFIL 316L INERTROD 308L INERTROD 316L FLUXINOX 308L-PF FLUXINOX 316L-PF OP 33/OE-308L OP F500/OE-308L SAW FCAW GMAW GTAW SMAW GMAW GTAW

ISO-V -101 C SMAW SAW GTAW

2.5%Ni Steels

ISO-V from -80 C to -60 C SMAW GMAW GTAW FCAW SAW

Low Temperature Structural Steels

ISO-V from -60 C to -50 C

Aluminium Alloy 5083 GMAW GTAW

Associated Stainless Steels SMAW GMAW GTAW FCAW SAW

11

Classification Society Approvals

Selected OERLIKON Products for LNG and Low Temperature Gas Storage.
Type 9%Ni Steels SMAW SAW GMAW GTAW 5%Ni Steels SMAW ISO-V -196 C FREEZAL ENi9 OP 76/NIFIL 625 OP F77/NIFIL C276 NIFIL 625 NIROD 625 ISO-V -120 C BASINOX 20 16L OP 33/OE-20 16L SAW OP F500/OE-20 16L GMAW GTAW INERTFIL 20 16L INERTROD 20 16L ISO-V -101 C A5.5: E7016-C2L A5.5: E8018-C2 F8A15-F7P15 ENi3-Ni3 A5.28: ER 80S-Ni3 A5.5: E7018-C1L A5.5: E8018-C1 H4 A5.28: ER 80S-Ni2 A5.28: ER 80S-Ni2 A5.29: E70T5 GM-JH4 A5.23: F7AP10 ENi2-Ni2 ISO-V from -60 C to -50 C A5.1: E7018-1 H4 A5.1: E7018-1 H4 A5.1: E7018-1 H4 A5.5: E7018-G H4 A5.5: E7018-G A5.28: ER 80S-Ni1 A5.28: ER 80S-Ni1 A5.29: E80T5 GC/GM-H4 A5.29: E81T1-Ni1M-H4 A5.29: E81T1-Ni1M-H4 A5.18: E70C-6M H4 A5.29: E91T1-GMH4 A5.17: F7A8-F7P8 EH12K A5.23: F7A8-F7P10-ENi1-Ni1 A5.10: ER 5183 A5.10: ER 5183 A5.4: 308L-15 A5.4: 316L-15 A5.9: ER 308L A5.9: ER 316L A5.9: ER 308L A5.9: ER 316L A5.22: E308LT1-1/4 A5.22: E316LT1-1/4 A5.9: ER 308L A5.9: ER 308L 2560-A: E 42 5 B 32 H5 2560-A: E 42 5 B 32 H5 2560-A: E 42 6 B 42 H5 2560-A: E 46 6 1Ni B 42 H5 2560-A: E 46 6 1Ni B 32 H5 14341-A: G 46 6 M G3Ni1 636-A: W 46 6 M W3Ni1 17632-A: T 46 6 1Ni B C/M 2 H5 17632-A: T 46 5 1Ni P M 1 H5 17632-A: T 46 6 1Ni P M 1 H5 17632-A: T 46 6 Mn1Ni M M 1 H5 18276-A: T 55 5M 1,5Ni P M 1 H5 Flux EN 756: S 46 5 FB S3Si Flux EN 756: S 42 6 FB S2Ni1 18273: S Al 5183 18273: S Al 5183 1600: E 19 9 L B 12 1600: E 19 12 2 B 12 14343-A: G 19 9 L 14343-A: G 19 12 3 L 14343-A: W 19 9 L 14343-A: W 19 12 3 L 17633-A: T 19 9 L P C1/M1 17633-A: T 19 12 3 L P C1/M1 Flux EN 760: SA AF 2 54 DC Flux EN 760: SA FB 2 53 AC M21 I1 C1/M21 M21 M21 M21 M21 l1, M13 l1, M13 M13 M13 I1 I1 C1/M21 C1/M21 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 2560-A: E 42 6 3Ni B 12 H5 2560-A: E 42 6 3Ni B 32 H5 Flux EN 760: SA FB 1 55 AC H5 636-B: W55A 10 WN71 2560-A: E 46 6 2Ni B 32 2560-A: E 46 6 2Ni B 42 H5 14341-A: G 46 6 M G2Ni2 636-A: W 46 6 M W2Ni2 17632-A: T 42 8 2Ni B M 2 H5 Flux EN 756: S 62 6 FB S2 Ni2 I1 M21 I1 M21 X X OE-CRYO 87 FREEZAL ENi3 OP 121TTW/OE-S2Ni3 CARBOROD Ni3 ISO-V from -80 C to -60 C OE CRYO 75H TENACITO 70B CARBOFIL Ni2 CARBOROD Ni2 FLUXOFIL 44 OP 121TTW/OE-S2Ni2 SUPERCITO 7018S TENAX 35S SMAW TENACITO R TENACITO 38R TENAX 76S GMAW GTAW CARBOFIL Ni1 CARBOROD Ni1 FLUXOFIL 40 CITOFLUX R82 FCAW CITOFLUX R82 SR CITOFLUX M20 CITOFLUX R550 SAW OP 121TT(W)/OE-SD3 OP 121TTW/OE-S2Ni1 ALUFIL AlMg 4.5Mn ALUROD AlMg 4.5Mn BASINOX 308LT BASINOX 316LT INERTFIL 308L INERTFIL 316L INERTROD 308L INERTROD 316L FLUXINOX 308L-PF FLUXINOX 316L-PF OP 33/OE-308L OP F500/OE-308L Flux EN 760: SA FB 2 53 AC Wire EN 14343-A: S 20 16 3 Mn L 14343-A: G 20 16 3 Mn N L 14343-A: W 20 16 3 Mn N L M12,M13 I1 1600: E 20 16 3 Mn N L Flux EN 760: SA AF 2 54 DC Wire EN 14343-A: S 20 16 3 Mn L X A5.11: ENiCrMo-6 Wire AWS A5.14: ER NiCrMo-3 Wire AWS A5.14: ER NiCrMo-4 A5.14: ER NiCrMo-3 A5.14: ER NiCrMo-3 14172:E Ni 6620 Flux EN 760: SA FB 2 55 AC H5 Flux EN 760: SF CS 2 65 AC H5 18274: S Ni 6625 18274: S Ni 6625 I1/M13 I X AWS EN Shielding Gas TUV DB

3.5%Ni Steels SMAW SAW GTAW

2.5%Ni Steels SMAW GMAW GTAW FCAW SAW

Low Temperature Structural Steels

Aluminium Alloy 5083 GMAW GTAW

Associated Stainless Steels SMAW GMAW GTAW FCAW SAW

12

ABS 3YH10 4H5-4Y 4H5-4Y 3Y 3YH5 ER80S-Ni1 4Y400SA H5 4Y400SA H5 E308L-15 E316L-15 -

BV -

DNV -

GL 5680 6Y 42S 4Y40H5 4Y40 H5 3Y H5 6Y42 H5 6Y H10 S-AlMg4,5Mn -

LRS 3YmH15 DXVuO-BF-3m-3Ym-H5 3Ym H15 5Y42m H15 DXVuO-BF-5Y42m-H5 4Y40S H5 4Y40S H5 D O BF WC/I - 1S NA 304LS 316LS -

PRS -

RMRS 5Y46HHH 5Y46MS H3 5Y40M HHH -

RINA 9%Ni Steels 2.5%Ni Steels 5YDH5 5Y M, 5Y DM 4DH5 4YH5 FREEZAL ENi9 OP 76/NIFIL 625 OP F77/NIFIL C276 NIFIL 625 NIROD 625 5%Ni Steels BASINOX 20 16L OP 33/OE-20 16L

Type ISO-V -196 C SMAW SAW GMAW GTAW SMAW

ISO-V -120 C

SAW OP F500/OE-20 16L INERTFIL 20 16L INERTROD 20 16L 3.5%Ni Steels 3YHHH 3YHHH 3Y HH 5Y 3YHHH 5Y H5 4Y40H5 4YH5 5Y H10 5Y H5 5Y H5 VYMS H5 VY46MS H5 VY46MS H5 VYMS IVY55MS H5 308L 316L OE-CRYO 87 FREEZAL ENi3 OP 121TTW/OE-S2Ni3 CARBOROD Ni3 OE CRYO 75H TENACITO 70B CARBOFIL Ni2 CARBOROD Ni2 FLUXOFIL 44 OP 121TTW/OE-S2Ni2 SUPERCITO 7018S TENAX 35S TENACITO R TENACITO 38R TENAX 76S CARBOFIL Ni1 CARBOROD Ni1 FLUXOFIL 40 CITOFLUX R82 CITOFLUX R82 SR CITOFLUX M20 CITOFLUX R550 OP 121TT(W)/OE-SD3 OP 121TTW/OE-S2Ni1 ALUFIL AlMg 4.5Mn ALUROD AlMg 4.5Mn BASINOX 308LT BASINOX 316LT INERTFIL 308L INERTFIL 316L INERTROD 308L INERTROD 316L FLUXINOX 308L-PF FLUXINOX 316L-PF OP 33/OE-308L OP F500/OE-308L SAW FCAW GMAW GTAW SMAW GMAW GTAW

ISO-V -101 C SMAW SAW GTAW

ISO-V from -80 C to -60 C SMAW GMAW GTAW FCAW SAW

Low Temperature Structural Steels

ISO-V from -60 C to -50 C

Aluminium Alloy 5083 GMAW GTAW

Associated Stainless Steels SMAW GMAW GTAW FCAW SAW

13

OERLIKON Consumables for Low Alloy Ferritic steels for low temperature service

Product Focus

The challenge when fabricating low alloy ferritic steels for cryogenic applications is to produce high strength joints with reliable fracture toughness at the design temperature, without risk of hydrogen induced cracking. OERLIKON welding consumables are designed to satisfy the most stringent requirements in terms of diffusible hydrogen level. The manufacturing process has been designed by OERLIKON to produce very low hydrogen consumables with a high resistance to subsequent moisture pick-up during use. OERLIKON has a globally recognised expertise in the metallurgy and design of welding consumables for low temperature and cryogenic applications. The results of the many years of systematic R&D in this area are reported in published articles, where acicular ferrite is the microstructural constituent identified as critical for generating high levels of joint fracture toughness at cryogenic temperatures in low alloy ferritic weld metal.

100 90 80 Microstructural component % 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 1 2 Nickel in weld % 3 FERRITE WITH SECOND PHASE PRIMARY FERRITE

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Weld metal acicular ferrite is not only optimised in OERLIKON consumables by deposit chemistry and the selection of specialist deoxidation systems in basic flux systems, but by the consistent sourcing of high quality raw materials. Raw material selection is permanently in the focus of our experts to ensure weld metals with very low levels of residual and impurity elements.

ACICULAR FERRITE

1.0% Mn

90 100

These advanced techniques applied to the design of OERLIKON welding consumables have contributed to the global recognition for reliable and high quality low temperature construction when using OERLIKON welding products.

14

3534-53

80

Other Low Temperature Gas Storage and Handling Applications

OERLIKON welding consumables range for cryogenics applications arranged by service temperature is shown on pages 10 & 11 Classification society approvals are listed on pp 12 & 13 For full product range details consult the data sheets in the OERLIKON handbook or www.oerlikon-welding.com web site.

Product Stored Ammonia, propane (LPG) Ammonia, propane (LPG) Carbon dioxide, acetylene, ethane Ethylene (LEG) Methane (LNG), oxygen, argon

Service Temperature -50 C -80 C -101 C -120 C -196 C

Steel type C-Mn fine grain 1.5-2.5%Ni 3.5%Ni 5%Ni 9%Ni

Specification EN 10028-3, P460NL2 EN 10028-4, 15NiMn6, ASTM A203Gr.B ASTM A203Gr.E-F, EN 10028-4 12Ni14 EN 10028-4 X 12Ni5 A353/A553, EN 10028-4 X8Ni9

Acetylene is a gas in normal atmospheric conditions, 15 C, 760 mm Hg, which is a colourless, non-toxic but narcotic, and is highly flammable. Isolated in the pure state, it is a highly unstable compound, and decomposes with ignition within a wide range of pressures and temperatures, the sublimation point is -84 C.
The storage and handling requirements of acetylene are generally specified at a service temperature of -101 C. When fabricating 3.5%Ni steels for acetylene storage, matching 3.5%Ni bearing weld metals are used.

The processing of natural gas involves removal of propane and other gases from the raw gas, in order to prevent condensation of these volatiles in natural gas pipelines.

Carbon dioxide is a gas in normal atmospheric conditions, 15 C and 760 mm Hg, which is colourless, odourless, non-flammable of low chemical activity and toxic only in high concentrations, the sublimation point is -79 C.
The storage and handling requirements of carbon dioxide are generally specified at a service temperature of -101 C. When fabricating 3.5%Ni steels for Carbon Dioxyde storage, matching 3.5%Ni bearing weld metals are used.

Propane is a flammable non toxic gas, which is heavier

than air. It is a gas in normal atmospheric conditions, 15 C, 760 mm Hg, the boiling point is -42 C. Liquid Propane Gas, LPG, is generally stored onshore in both spherical and mounded pressurised storage, with the latter being the only solution allowed in many countries. Welding solutions are based on optimised C-Mn and 1-2.5%Ni nickel bearing weld metals delivering high toughness joints for service temperatures in the range -50 C to -80 C.

Ethylene, also known as ethene, is a gas in normal atmospheric conditions, 15 C, 760 mm Hg, which is flammable and non-toxic, the boiling point is -104 C. The storage and handling requirements of ethylene are similar to LNG but at a generally specified service temperature of -120 C.
Welding solutions for liquid ethylene gas, LEG, are based on the 20.16 composition for the welding of 5%Ni steels, due to the excellent cryogenic fracture toughness, however the welding solutions given for fabricating 9%Ni steels are equally applicable for joining 5%Ni steels.

Ammonia is a gas in normal atmospheric conditions, 15 C,

760 mm Hg, which is colourless, slightly flammable and toxic with a pungent odour, the boiling point is -33 C. Ammonia is stored in its refrigerated form between -50 C and -80 C. Welding solutions are based on optimised C-Mn and 1-2.5%Ni nickel bearing weld metals delivering high toughness joints for service temperatures in the range -50 C to -80 C. The propensity to stress corrosion cracking is a design consideration.

Argon is a gas in normal atmospheric conditions, 15 C and

760 mm Hg, which is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic nonflammable and tasteless. It is distinguished by perfect physical and chemical stability. At atmospheric pressure and temperatures below the boiling point of -186 C, argon is a colourless liquid, which is heavier than water. Welding solutions are the same as those shown for LNG.

Ethane is a gas in normal atmospheric conditions, 15 C, 760 mm Hg, which is flammable and non-toxic, the boiling point is -89 C. The storage and handling requirements of ethane are generally specified at a service temperature of -101 C.
When fabricating 3.5%Ni steels for ethane storage, matching 3.5%Ni bearing weld metals are used.

Oxygen is a gas in normal atmospheric conditions, 15 C and 760 mm Hg, which is colourless, odourless and tasteless. At atmospheric pressure and temperatures below the boiling point -183 C, it is pale blue liquid, slightly heavier than water. Liquid oxygen, LOX, is stored in single containment tanks fabricated in 9%Ni steel and because of the relatively small volumes, 304L stainless steel may also be used for the prime container.
Welding solutions are the same as those shown for LNG.

15

Associated Steel Applications

STAINLESS STEELS
MMA
The SUPRANOX range of rutile coated manual metal arc welding electrodes is designed to enable the diversity of stainless steels - plates, pipes, tubes, castings and forgings - to be welded both to themselves and to each other. Smooth operation in all positions with minimal spatter and near self releasing slag for excellent weld bead appearance and profile. The SUPRANOX range also has a proven resistance to both weld start and weld bead porosity giving high radiographic integrity. This makes these electrodes particularly suitable for the most critical applications. The SUPRANOX range of MMA welding electrodes is as follows: 308L, RS308L, RS308H, 347, RS347, 316L, RS316L, 317, 318, 309L, RS309L, 309MoL, RS309Mo, 904L. The BASINOX range of basic coated manual metal arc welding electrodes is used for positional welding of pipe work and thicker section thicknesses, including alloys 308L, 347, 316L, 316H, 904L, 318, 310. For cryogenic application the use of BASINOX 308LT and BASINOX 316LT version is recommended for optimum joint fracture toughness at -196 C.

DUPLEX STAINLESS STEELS

Duplex stainless steel (e.g. W.No. 1.4462) is used for pipe lines, vessels and pipe work. Matching consumables are available:

MMA
SUPRANOX RS 22.9.3L is an MMA electrode depositing Cr-Ni-Mo-N duplex stainless steel weld metal, highly resistant to intergranular pitting and stress corrosion in the presence of hydrogen containing aqueous solution or wet gases. To achieve the maximum joint fracture toughness, BASINOX 22.9.3N is recommended, ISO-V at -50 C > 50 J.

MIG/TIG
INERTFIL/INERTROD 22.9.3 are solid wires depositing duplex stainless steel weld metal.

FCW
FLUXINOX 22.9.3L is optimised for down hand fillet welding and FLUXINOX 22.9.3L-PF for positional welding of duplex stainless steels.

SAW
OE-S22 09/OP 33 is used for the high deposition rate submerged arc welding of duplex stainless steels.

MIG/TIG
A comprehensive range of OERLIKON INERTFIL and INERTROD wires for all applications, e.g. 308L, 347, 316L, 309L & 312.

FCW
A comprehensive range of OERLIKON FLUXINOX stainless cored wires for applications in the primarily down hand, e.g. FLUXINOX 316L and positional e.g. FLUXINOX 316L-PF applications. Including alloys 308L, 308H, 347, 307, 316L, 318, 309L, 309MoL, 22.9.3L, 310, and 625.

SAW
OP 33 is a special semi-basic agglomerated flux with a basicity index of 1.8. It is used for the welding of stainless and heat resisting steels. In respect to the carbon content of the weld metal, OP 33 is neutral. Typically used with AWS A5.9 grade 300 series wires, E.g. OE-316L, OE-308L, OE-309LMo.

16

Product packaging Welding consumables

2008-677

2010-754

MIG/MAG wires (solid and FCW)

Drums (ROUNDPACK)
Heavy duty cardboard drums 320 kg & 600 kg formats, 100% recyclable, Reliable rapid pay off at high wire feed speeds, Fitted sling points for handling safety,

SAW
Fluxes
Sacks Weld sealed 100% recyclable (4) Easy to handle Effective flux protection from the environment Supply: 1 tonne (40 sacks x 25 kg) per pallet

Spool

2004-114

B 300 100% recyclable

2006-200

Rods

2008-181

TIG
1.6, 2.0 & 2.4 mm diameter in 1 m lengths Full range of compositions Alloy grades are coin stamped Bright finished Fully certificated

DRY BAG This new packaging solution has been developed by the Air Liquide Welding research teams for OERLIKON submerged arc welding fluxes. DRYBAG packaging system features:

MMA
Standard Packaging

Triple layer composite technology system Fully moisture proof Low vacuum Protection from atmospheric humidity Designed for the most hostile ambient conditions Protection during extended transport and storage Supply: 1 tonne (40 sacks x 25 kg DRYBAG) per pallet

2006-940

Reliable protective packaging for most applications 3 packets per outer carton Packet weight ~5 kg

Vacuum Packaging

2006-939

No re-conditioning required before use No quivers or holding ovens are required Ideal for on site applications Simplified QA procedures DRY Pack contents ~1 kg Supplied in outer cartons ~15 kg VPMD Pack contents ~3 kg Supplied in outer cartons ~15 kg

2006-937

Wires

2009-012

2006-936

Spool B450 100% recyclable Supply: 1 tonne (40 coils x 25 kg) per pallet

2007-474

2006-943

17

3551-46

Arc equipment MIG/MAG manual installations

MIG/MAG welding equipment OERLIKON CITOMAG and CITOPULS ranges of heavy-duty MIG/MAG machines have a comprehensive array of features focused on the requirements of major fabricators. Durable design is combined with easy-to-use control panels and a variety of synergic programmes, combining improved productivity with high quality results.

CITOMAG
Thyristor technology for heavy duty applications CITOMAG range is a thyristor based soft current MIG-MAG welding installation, with a separate four roll wire feeder unit, to weld unalloyed steel, stainless steel and light alloys, using solid wire and cored wire. OERLIKON expertise is automatically available to the welders and therefore the installations are straight forward to us: Maximum power at 60 % duty cycle (40 C)

Rapid access to the correct welding parameters Complete welding cycle with Hot Start and crater filler Optional water cooled configuration Easy to use with fast parameter changes using the CITO system

CITOPULS II
Digital technology for advanced welding installations CITOPULS II is the only product on the MIG/MAG welding market offering superior quality welding and advanced welding processes with a simple interface at the price of standard welding equipment. Moreover DIGIPULS II is designed in a modular system for a better fit with the users requirements. Superior quality welding and advanced processes and features Fully digitally controlled inverter: for process repeatability and consequently higher welding quality and simpler regulation In Synergic mode, more than 100 synergies are available Soft switching inverter (increased efficiency of the power source) Full range of processes: - Standard MIG/MAG - Spray ModalTM (special for high quality welding of aluminium) - Pulsed MIG/MAG - MIG brazing - Cold Double Pulse (producing very high quality welds on thin material) - Speed Short ArcTM (for high quality thin sheet welding & root pass) - MMA coated electrodes Powerful installation up to 420 A at 60% Storage of 100 welding programs (with expert wire feeder DVU P500 or advanced remote control RC JOB) Parameter locking with a digit code (with expert wire feeder DVU P500 or advanced remote control RC JOB). When this function is activated, the welder can still fine-tune the parameters in a +/- 20% range A user interface (Power source and wire feeder) designed for a really easy to use front panel A modular concept for a better fit with the users requirements

2010-901

Specify and build your installation: Power sources Trolleys for the installation and Wire feeders the wire-feeder Cooling unit Remote control Harnesses (up to 50 m Torches (standard, with potentiometer, for on site applications) push-pull, automatic..)

More benefits for the user Small machine for easier access Light installation (37 kg for the power source) Compatible with motor generator A powerful 4-wheel feeder unit with drive rollers as standard

18

2008-042

CITOWAVE MXW
Product features and advantages: Same as the CITOPULS range with in addition: Control of aluminium welding (Spray ModalTM): special welding transfer which provides reduced porosity and increases the penetration Advanced torch DIGITAL: a range of ergonomic torches with the possibility on the handle to - select the program number - adjust the wire feed speed - adjust the arc length More processes: Soft current, Pulsed, SSA, SSP, SM,CDP, MIG brazing, MMA, and PR Spray More memory: 153 welding programs on CITOWAVE MXW for all welding applications. The power sources also allow More controls: parameters monitoring, indication of defects, parameter memorisation of 100 programs, selectable from the wire feeder, blocking on several levels, printing, 99 programs, calibration remote control and CITORCH M E family More cycles: 2T / 4T/ Spot weld / Cold Double Pulse current (CDP) Technical specifications: Technology Primary power supply (3 phase) Primary consumption @ I max Welding current Duty cycle 10 min. cycle (at 40 C) Suitable wire diameter CITOMAG 500W
Thyristor 220/230/240/380/400/415/440 V 45 A (400 V) 40 A - 520 A 520 A @ 60%
2006-026

1877-48

CITOPULS II 420

CITOWAVE 400
Inverter 400 V 35 A 20 A - 400 A 400 A @ 60%

CITOWAVE 500

35 A 20 A - 420 A 400 A @ 60% 0.8 to 1.6 mm

45 A 20 A - 500 A 500 A @ 60%

Process advantages for a perfect assembly: This new generation of power sources provides new welding methods able to meet quality and productivity levels to answer the needs of fabrication for cryogenic applications. Process Speed Short ArcTM (SSA) Definition The Speed Short ArcTM allows a high travel speed due to a rigid arc and a cold regime. It is very effective for welding thin steel plates, working in position and in closed angle and filling bevels. The SSATM is used for short circuit welding though the normal globular regime travel speed domain. Customer advantages Increase in travel speed Reduced distortion (thin steel sheets) Suited to welding in position Tolerance and usability Reduction of noise Good wetting of the weld bead Reduction of spatter Good weld bead appearance Power source

CITOWAVE CITOPULS II

The Soft Silence PulseTM is a quieter pulsed mode mainly intended Soft for stainless steel welding applications. The SSPTM produces a Silence softer but very stable arc with good wetting of the weld bead. PulseTM This waveform significantly reduces spatter and gives a very fine (SSP) appearance to the weld bead. The Cold Double PulseTM produces very high quality welds on thin material while avoiding distortion. CDPTM gives a TIG appearance to Cold the weld and is very effective on very thin aluminium or stainless Double steel sheet (< 2 mm). The operating technique is made easier due PulseTM to good control of the weld pool even on badly-prepared sheets. (CDP) This sequencer mode automatically chains hot arc and cold arc regimes together.

CITOWAVE

Effective on thin sheets Reduces distortion Easy operating technique TIG appearance weld bead

CITOPULS II CITOWAVE

19

Arc equipment TIG welding installations

2570-21

TIG welding installations OERLIKON high-performance TIG machines, are designed for on-site durability and premium quality results. This inverter range equips welders for a wide diversity of activities in both regular and high-tech applications.

CITOTIG
Optimised performance and advanced functionality:

CITOSTEP double current level function, allows the power input to be changed without interruption when welding Synergic pulse function, for ease of setting the pulsed current parameters Storage facility for welding parameters Reliability designed in with an efficient isolated cooling system which prevents dust and small metal particles from penetrating the machine interior Optional low voltage OCV with Voltage Reduction Device available Generator compatible (except CITIG) 200
2006 -657 2006 -647
6-6 69

The DC sets are used for TIG welding stainless and structural steels and have the flexibility to weld with all types of MMA welding electrodes, with excellent arc characteristics, in addition the AC/DC installations can be used for welding light alloys.

2010 -937

2010 -635

DC welding AC/DC welding Technical specifications: CITOTIG 200 DC CITOTIG 300 DC (W) CITOTIG 400 DC W CITOTIG5 240 AC/DC (W) CITOTIG 310 AC/DC (W) Primary 230 V single-phase 400 V three-phase 230 V single-phase 400 V three-phase Power supply 15 A 6.6 A 11 A 23 A 11 A Consumption Secondary 80 V 80 V 80 V 58 V 63 V Open circuit voltage 5 - 200 A 5 - 300 A 5 - 400 A 3 - 230 A 3 - 300 A Welding current Duty cycle 10 min. 200 A at 30% 230 A at 60% 285 A at 60% 200 A at 60% 230 A at 60% cycle (at 40 C) 1.6 to 4.0 mm 1.6 to 5.0 mm 1.6 to 6.0 mm 1.6 to 3.2 mm 1.6 to 6.0 mm Diam. Electrode Other Dimensions 410 x 180 500 x 180 x 390 mm 500 x 180 475 x 200 x 405 mm 505 x 195 x 440 mm 500 x 180 x 650 mm in W version x 390 mm x 650 mm (L x W x H) 15 kg 22 kg / 32 kg in W version 33 kg 17 kg 74 kg Net weight No Yes in W version Yes Yes in W version Yes in W version Cooling unit Automatic balance for AC welding with CITOTIG 310 AC/DC The balance values change automatically according to current settings and the form of electrode adopted. Optimised balance value, Same electrode diameter throughout the whole current spectrum, Same type of electrode for DC or AC current, Reduces electrode changes and wear part consumption.
20

The CITOSTEP function in the CITOTIG range With the CITOSTEP function, two current levels can be chosen, the welding current and the basic current. This facilitates the change from one to the other by rapidly pressing the torch trigger. The CITOSTEP function can be used to adjust heat input momentarily, to change welding positions or to replenish the filler metal supply without having to stop welding.

Accessories This very high-tech range of TIG equipment has all the product features required by the most skilled welders for the widest range of demanding applications. For maximum functionality, there is a full range of accessories, such as hand- or foot-operated remote control units and trolleys.

Arc equipment MMA electrode power sources

MMA electrode power sources OERLIKON propose a wide range of equipment for MMA welding. This is a selection of units for on site applications in all conditions.
2570-07

CITOARC 1800 HPF

CITOARC 3500i

Very light and portable unit for maintenance Ultra flexible for light duty and flexible finishing applications Possibilty to weld with very long primary cable (up to 70 m)

Multi-process (MMA, Gouging, TIG DC, MIG) inverter unit Welding MMA electrodes up to 6.3 mm MIG welding with the DV 4004 wire feeder option CC/CV 3phase unit Weighing only 29 kg

CITOARC 2200i VRD

CITOROD 6500 XT

Portable 3 phase unit for heavy applications and maintenance operations

For the heaviest duty applications including arc air gouging Thyristor technology Multiprocess (MMA, Gouging, TIG DC, MIG) - 3 phase unit, Possibility of MIG/MAG welding using DEVIDARC an autonomous wire-feeder.
2008-800

Generator compatible Built-in Voltage Reduction Device for higher security, for welding all types of MMA electrodes, including cellulosic Inverter technology

2009-055

Technical specifications: Primary Power supply Effective consumption Secondary Open circuit voltage Welding current Duty cycle 10 min. cycle (at 40 C) Diam. Electrode MMA Gouging

CITOARC 1800 HPF

CITOARC 2200i VRD

CITOARC 3500i

CITOROD 6500 XT
230 - 400 V three-phase 102 - 60 A 75 V 10 - 630 A 630 A at 35% 1.6 to 6.3 mm Up to 10 mm 1000 x 600 x 600 mm 176 kg 21

230 V single-phase 15 A 44 V 10 - 180 A 180 A at 20% 1.6 to 4.0 mm 170 x 320 x 395 mm 6.6 kg

400 V three-phase 9A 105 V (14 V rest voltage) 5 - 220 A 220 A at 35% 1.6 to 5.0 mm 250 x 470 x 450 mm 19 kg

400 V three-phase 28.5 A 91 V 5 - 350 A 350 A at 35% 1.6 to 6.0 mm Up to 6.3 mm 525 x 300 x 390 mm 29 kg

Dimensions (L x W x H) Net weight

2006-762

2009-092

Arc equipment Plasma cutting installations

Plasma cutting installations OERLIKON has a complete Manual Plasma cutting range for all applications.
2009-273

From the CITOCUT K, a single phase unit with integrated compressor, a highly portable unit that cuts up to 6 mm, to the NERTAJET 50, a high performance chopper, multi gas machine that cuts up to 50 mm of steel.

CITOCUT 40C
Product features: High cutting capcity: 40 mm with 120 A High duty cycle: 50% at 40 C 4 steps for setting the current according to the thickness to cut IP 23 for indoor and outdoor applications High quality cut with drag cutting nozzles Delivered ready to use with 6 m torch, air hose, primary cable, earth cable, starting set of wear parts Input voltage three-phase: 220/230/380/400 V - 50/60 Hz Torch with central connector

CITOCUT 40i
Heavy duty portable cutting unit inverter technology.

400V 50/60 Hz three-phase Heavy duty cycle, 120 A at 60% at 40 C Quality cut, up to 40 mm Contact cut, distance cut, plasma gouging Blow back start, no HF interference Grid cutting capability

2007-117

22

2010-260

Equipment for submerged arc welding

1881-064

WELDING HEAD
SUBARC 5 standard welding heads
A complete range of high-performance equipment using microprocessor technology to combine performance, flexibility of use and guaranteed high reliability in welding cycle management.

2007-386

For the most demanding applications, SUBARC 5 is a compact welding and hard surfacing installation. It allows accurate pre-setting and pre-selection of the actual welding current and voltage parameters for excellent arc striking every time:

Submerged arc welding: - direct current: flat or drooping power source characteristics. - alternating current: drooping power source characteristic. MIG/MAG (spray-arc transfer). Single, twin and tandem options with flux recycling system.

2004-926

Single

Twin

Tandem

2008-466

DC

DC

2004-928

DC AC

STARMATIC power sources

Rugged, reliable, suitable for aggressive industrial surroundings Fan-cooled, fitted with thermal cut-out, easy to move using crane or forklift Quick connection to the core of the installation by simple and accessible connectors Remote control system Function type: 1 - SAW direct current (DC) 2 - SAW alternative current (AC) 3 - SAW gouging arc
Duty cycle at 100% Welding range Primary power supply Technology Power at 100% duty cycle External-static characteristics - flat - drooping Net weight

2006-781

STARMATIC 1303 DC 1 300 A - 44 V 2 DC 400-440 V 50/60 Hz* three-phase Thyristors 99 kVA 483 kg

STARMATIC 1003 AC/DC 1 000 A - 44 V 1 AC - 1 DC 380/400/415 V 50/60 Hz* three-phase Thyristors 64.6 kVA AC 540 kg DC

* For other primary power supply three-phase, consult Air Liquide Welding.

2000-357

23

Equipment for submerged arc welding

2004-682

SAW self propelled tractor

A practical, efficient and cost effective solution.

MEGATRAC 6 SUBARC 3C

Modular S.A. carriage which can be adapted to various applications. Flat and angle assembly of plates in all grades and thicknesses. Wheel diameter: 150 mm. Crabbing arms

3A WELDING SYSTEM

a new generation of mobile console control device

The 3A Welding System plug & play Mobile Console gives the operator complete mobility and permits the management of both machine and process. This new generation interface is easy to use and operators are rapidly able to program the machine efficiently. The multipurpose 3A welding system concept is designed for all arc welding processes, and the equipment remains upgradable with the open architecture.

Mobile console: browsing on the screens

with a graphic representation of the machine.
dvanced utomatic rchitecture

Advanced mobile console

Centralised console Mobile plug & play system User friendly-interface

Automatic machine management

Process management Machine cycle control Integrated peripherals

Architecture based on new concept

Modular and flexible solutions Full digital control Ready for networking and communication

SAW head configurations for 3A welding system

Single wire
1 300 A* 100% DC+

Twin arc
1 300 A* 100% DC+

Tandem arcs
1 300 A* 100% DC+ 1 000 A 100% AC

Tandem hybrid
1 300 A* 100% DC+ 1 000 A 100% AC

Tandem twin
1 300 A* 100% DC+ 1 000 A 100% AC

Tandem powder
1 300 A* 100% DC+ 1 000 A 100% AC

* Maximum current with single power source, possibility to connect power sources in parallel

24

2008-337

Flame and Plasma cutting machines

OXYTOME / PLASMATOME RS & TWIN RS - CYBERTOME open the way to all oxycutting and plasma arc cutting operations that require the use of machines capable of cutting very wide plates and implementing more complex options.
2009-300

OXYTOME RS
2006-298

PLASMATOME TWIN RS

Reinforced structure for OXYTOME / PLASMATOME (RS) For plates wider than 4 m or for certain equipment, a reinforced structure is used to ensure movement stability and precision. TWIN RS structure for OXYTOME / PLASMATOME The TWIN RS structure is designed as a double transversal beam equipped with liner guides and bearing, located in a safety position away from heat radiation. This machine is specially suitable for bevelling head applications requiring a transversal cutting stroke over 4 m or tool holder of 800 mm. Finally, the accuracy of this machine is particulary suitable for HP plasma applications.

CYBERTOME
Designed as a machine tool concept, stated in terms of accuracy and repeatability according to current standards. This design can be modified to accomodate special requirements, and allows sheet metal cutting of 8 m width and more.

2007-361

Bevelling system

0031-055

0031-028

2007-487

Plasma longitudinal
This system allows the operator to manually tilt the torch in order to work plasma bevels along the longitudinal axis.

Plasma straight
This system is used to work bevels along the axes using a plasma torch. For further details on this option, please contact OERLIKON service.

Plasma bevelling head

System rotation and tilting are entirely servocontrolled by the HPC digital process controller which makes it possible to program a bevel angle change during a run. This light but rugged system guarantees excellent cutting results.

VXK Straight line bevelling unit

For bevelling along the machine axes with mechanical sensing.

2008-470

VXK endless rotation bevelling unit

Can be fitted on Cybertome Numerical control programs the blowtorches positions. It can work V, X, or K type bevels from 0 to 45 for plates up to 60 mm thick (other possibilities on request). 25

1065-001

2003-342

AZURMATIC cutting tables

2002-506

1806-064

3 models of table adapted to the process of cutting

Extraction table for dry cutting
The AZURMATIC table with air extraction offers unrivalled efficiency in terms of fume extraction due to its unique system of transverse extraction ducts. Robustly designed in one-piece or modular form, the table is divided over its length into 1 metre sections, extraction taking place across the full width of the table on the module in operation only. Mechanical grills actuated by the displacement of the machine provide suction under the sheet at the place of cutting only. This principle of operation guarantees optimum extraction, irrespective of the size of the sheet being cut, while maintaining a modest extraction air-flow rate. Technical characteristics: Transverse duct extraction system, Division into 1 metre sections over the length of the table (500 and 750 mm sections on demand for intensive use), Removable slag boxes, Removable workpiece supporting frame with flat irons (section 100 x 6 mm) and wire mesh grid (50 x 50 x 5 mm), Maximum capacity: sheet up to 300 mm thick.

Constant water level extraction table

Various processes, especially plasma cutting with nonimmersed water vortex, require a cutting table with water recovery and fume extraction. This table provides both possibilities. This process (which is patented) avoids the need for filtering equipment upstream of fume extraction. Technical characteristics: One-piece design divided into 630 mm sections, Standard lengths of 3 to 12 m, Standard widths: 1.5 - 2 - 2.5 and 3 m, Height: 700, 800 or 920 mm, Maximum capacity: sheet thickness 50 mm.

Variable water level tables

Variable water level tables are specifically intended for immersed plasma cutting. This procedure limits pollution by solid or gaseous matter and gives protection against audible and visual stress. It improves accuracy of cutting while limiting distortion caused by heating of the workpiece. Technical characteristics: Modular construction in lengths of 1.5, 1.75 and 2 m, Widths to demand, Pivoting workpiece support frame for easier, faster cleaning.

26

0255-011

Accessories and PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)

Air Liquide Welding through WELDLINE offers a wide range of tools and accessories dedicated for welding applications (cables, earth clamps, torches, brushes and hammers, sprays) as well as personal protective equipment for the welder (gloves, clothing, goggles, mask) and for the workshop (strips, curtains etc.).
2009-471

Tungsten electrodes
For TIG welding, we can provide a full range of nonconsumable tungsten electrode. Our range includes pure tungsten electrodes but also several models of alloyed electrodes. Pure Tungsten for AC welding of aluminum Tungsten + thorium for DC welding Tungsten + cerium for DC welding Tungsten + lanthanum for both DC and AC welding Tungsten + rare earths for both DC and AC welding
200 9-4 62

Cables and connectors

200 7-8 14

Primary and secondary cables, solid copper meeting the international standards requirements.
2000-174

Ovens Sprays
Anti-spatter (SPRAYMIG), crack detection products (SKINCRIC), leak detection (BUBBLE).
2006-238 2007-394 2006-239

2008-574

A full range of portable quivers, holding and re-baking ovens for MMA electrodes and hopper ovens for flux.

2008-579

2007-794

SPRAYMIG

BUBBLE

SKINCRIC

Welder Protection
A complete range of helmets, leather and cotton clothing, glasses, gloves and shoes. The ZEPHYR helmet ensures comfort and protection with a new high performance liquid crystal cell, extra-wide vision and extreme reliability. The ZEPHYR is equipped with a forced air flow system preventing welding fume from infiltrating into the welders helmet. The filter and protection screen are easy to extract, with pressure on the push button. Adjustable head gear (4 positions) with an optimised design to ensure good protection of the head, and light weight for comfort.

2008-247

2006-240

27

Temperature Conversion Table

C - 156.6 - 128.8 - 101.1 - 73.3 - 45.5 45.0 44.4 43.8 43.3 42.7 42.2 41.6 41.1 40.5 40.0 39.4 38.8 38.3 37.7 37.2 C 33.3 2.78 2.22 1.67 1.11 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 - 250 - 200 - 150 - 100 - 50 - 49 - 48 - 47 - 46 - 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 F - 418 - 328 - 238 - 148 - 58 56.2 54.4 52.6 50.8 - 49 47.2 45.4 43.6 41.8 40.0 38.2 36.4 34.6 32.8 - 31 F 78.8 80.6 82.4 84.2 86.0 87.8 89.6 91.4 93.2 95.0 96.8 98.6 100.4 102.2 104.0 105.8 107.6 109.4 111.2 113.0 F 160 170 180 190 200 210 212 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 320 338 356 374 392 410 413 428 446 464 482 500 518 536 554 572 590 608 626 644 C 36.6 36.1 35.5 35.0 34.4 33.8 33.3 32.7 32.2 31.6 31.1 30.5 30.0 29.4 28.8 28.3 27.7 27.2 26.6 26.1 C 7.78 8.33 8.89 9.44 10.0 10.6 11.1 11.7 12.2 12.8 13.3 13.9 14.4 15.0 15.6 16.1 16.7 17.2 17.8 18.3 C 177 182 188 193 199 204 232 260 288 316 343 371 399 427 454 482 510 538 566 593 350 360 370 380 390 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 34 33 32 31 30 F 29.2 27.4 25.6 23.8 22.0 C 25.5 25.0 24.4 23.8 23.3 22.7 22.2 21.6 21.1 20.5 20.0 19.4 18.8 18.3 17.8 17.2 16.7 16.1 15.6 15.0 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 F 6.8 8.6 10.4 12.2 14.0 15.8 17.6 19.4 21.2 23.0 24.8 26.6 28.4 30.2 32.0 33.8 35.6 37.4 39.2 41.0 C 14.4 13.9 13.3 12.8 12.2 11.7 11.1 10.6 10.0 9.44 8.89 8.33 7.78 7.22 6.67 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 F 42.8 44.6 46.4 48.2 50.0 51.8 53.6 55.4 57.2 59.0 61.8 63.6 65.4 67.2 68.0 69.8 71.6 73.4 75.2 77.0

- 29 - 28 - 27 - 26 - 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15

- 20.2 - 18.4 - 16.6 - 14.8 - 13.0 - 11.2 - 9.4 - 7.6 - 5.8 - 4.0 - 2.2 - 0.4 1.4 3.2 5.0 F 114.8 116.6 118.4 120.2 122.0 123.8 125.6 127.4 129.2 131.0 132.8 134.6 136.4 138.2 140.0 141.8 143.6 145.4 147.2 149.0 F 662 680 698 716 734 752 842 932 1022 1112 1202 1292 1382 1472 1562 1652 1742 1832 1922 2012

- 6.11 - 5.56 - 5.0 - 4.44 - 3.89

C 18.9 19.4 20.2 20.6 21.1 21.7 22.2 22.8 23.3 23.9 24.4 25.0 25.6 26.1 26.7 27.2 27.8 28.3 28.9 29.4 C 621 649 677 704 732 760 788 816 843 871 899 927 954 982 1010 1038 1066 1093 1121 1149 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85

F 150.8 152.6 154.4 156.2 158.0 159.8 161.6 163.4 165.2 167.0 168.8 170.6 172.4 174.2 176.0 177.8 179.6 181.4 183.2 185.0 F 2102 2192 2282 2372 2462 2552 2642 2732 2822 2912 3002 3092 3182 3272 3362 3452 3542 3632 3722 3812

C 30.0 30.6 31.1 31.7 32.2 32.8 33.3 33.9 34.4 35.0 35.6 36.1 36.7 37.2 38 43 49 54 60 66 C 1177 1204 1232 1260 1288 1316 1343 1371 1399 1427 1454 1482 1510 1538 1566 1593 1621 1649 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350 2400 2450 2500 2550 2600 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 2900 2950 3000 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 110 120 130 140 150

F 186.8 188.6 190.4 192.2 194.0 195.8 197.6 199.4 201.2 203.0 204.8 206.6 208.4 210.2 212.0 230 248 266 284 302 F 3902 3992 4082 4172 4262 4352 4442 4532 4622 4712 4802 4892 4982 5072 5162 5252 5342 5432

- 0.56 0.00 0.56 1.11 1.67 2.22 2.78 3.33 3.89 4.44 5.00 5.56 6.11 6.67 7.22 C 71 77 82 88 93 99 100 104 110 116 121 127 132 138 143 149 154 160 166 171

Note: the numbers in bold type refer to the temperature, either in Celsius or Fahrenheit, which is desired to convert into the other scale. If converting from Fahrenheit degrees to Celsius degrees, the equivalent temperature will be found in the left column, while converting from Ceslsius degrees to Fahrenheit degrees the answer will be found in the column on the right.

28

Impact Toughness Conversion Table

J 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 ft.lb. 14.7 16.2 17.7 19.1 20.6 22.1 23.6 25.0 26.5 28.0 29.5 30.9 32.4 33.9 J 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 ft.lb. 35.4 36.8 38.3 39.8 41.3 42.7 44.2 45.7 47.2 48.6 50.1 51.6 53.1 54.5 J 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100 102 ft.lb. 56.0 57.5 59.0 60.4 61.9 63.4 64.9 66.3 67.8 69.3 70.8 72.2 73.7 75.2 J 104 106 108 110 112 114 116 118 120 122 124 126 128 130 ft.lb. 76.7 78.1 79.6 81.1 82.6 84.0 85.5 87.0 88.5 89.9 91.4 92.9 94.4 95.8

J 132 134 136 138 140 142 144 146 148 150 152 154 156 158

ft.lb. 97.3 98.8 100.3 101.7 103.2 104.7 106.2 107.6 109.1 110.6 112.1 113.5 115.0 116.5

J 160 162 164 166 168 170 172 174 176 178 180 182 184 186

ft.lb. 118.9 119.4 120.8 122.3 123.8 125.3 126.7 128.2 129.7 131.2 132.6 134.1 135.6 137.1

J 188 190 192 194 196 198 200

ft.lb. 138.5 140.0 141.5 142.9 144.4 145.9 147.4

Conversion factors: 1 Joule = 0.73756 ft.lb. 1 ft.lb. = 1.35582 J

29

Stress Conversion Table

N/mm2 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 ksi 21.8 23.2 24.7 26.1 27.6 29.0 30.5 31.9 33.4 34.8 36.3 37.7 39.2 40.6 42.1 43.5 45.0 46.4 47.9 49.3 psi 21800 23200 24700 26100 27600 29000 30500 31900 33400 34800 36300 37700 39200 40600 42100 43500 45000 46400 47900 49300 MPa 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 N/mm2 350 360 370 380 390 400 410 420 430 440 450 460 470 480 490 500 510 520 530 540 ksi 50.8 52.2 53.7 55.1 56.6 58.0 59.5 60.9 62.4 63.8 65.3 66.7 68.2 69.6 71.1 72.5 74.0 75.4 76.9 78.3 psi 50800 52200 53700 55100 56600 58000 59500 60900 62400 63800 65300 66700 68200 69600 71100 72500 74000 75400 76900 78300 MPa 350 360 370 380 390 400 410 420 430 440 450 460 470 480 490 500 510 520 530 540 N/mm2 550 560 570 580 590 600 610 620 630 640 650 660 670 680 690 700 710 720 730 740 ksi 79.8 81.2 82.7 84.1 85.6 87.0 88.5 89.9 91.4 92.8 94.3 95.7 97.2 98.6 100.1 101.5 103.0 104.4 105.9 107.3 psi 79800 81200 82700 84100 85600 87000 88500 89900 91400 92800 94300 95700 97200 98600 100100 101500 103000 104400 105900 107300 MPa 550 560 570 580 590 600 610 620 630 640 650 660 670 680 690 700 710 720 730 740

N/mm2 750 760 770 780 790 800 810 820 830 840 850 860 870 880 890 900 910 920 930 940

ksi 108.8 110.2 111.7 113.1 114.6 116.0 117.5 118.9 120.4 121.8 123.3 124.7 126.2 127.8 129.1 130.5 132.0 133.4 134.9 136.3

psi 108800 110200 111700 113100 114600 116000 117500 118900 120400 121800 123300 124700 126200 127800 129100 130500 132000 133400 134900 136300

MPa 750 760 770 780 790 800 810 820 830 840 850 860 870 880 890 900 910 920 930 940

N/mm2 950 960 970 980 990 1000 1010 1020 1030 1040 1050 1060 1070 1080 1090 1100 1110 1120 1130 1140

ksi 137.8 139.2 140.7 142.1 143.6 145.0 146.5 147.9 149.4 150.8 152.3 153.7 155.2 156.6 158.1 159.5 161.0 162.4 163.9 165.3

psi 137800 139200 140700 142100 143600 145000 146500 147900 149400 150800 152300 153700 155200 156600 158100 159500 161000 162400 163900 165300

MPa 950 960 970 980 990 1000 1010 1020 1030 1040 1050 1060 1070 1080 1090 1100 1110 1120 1130 1140

N/mm2 1150 1160 1170 1180 1190 1200

ksi 166.8 168.2 169.7 171.1 172.6 174.0

psi 166800 168200 169700 171100 172600 174000

MPa 1150 1160 1170 1180 1190 1200

Conversion factors: 1 1 1 1

N/mm2 = 145.038 psi N/mm2 = 0.145038 ksi MPa = 145.038 psi MPa = 0.145038 ksi

Note: psi values have been rounded off to the nearest fourth digit.

30

Welding Units Comparison Tables

Deposition rates
lbs/hr 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 kg/hr 0.45 0.9 1.36 1.81 2.26 2.72 3.17 3.68 4.08 4.53 4.98 5.44 5.89 6.35 6.80 7.25 7.71 8.16 8.61 9.07 9.52 9.97 10.43 10.88 11.33

Wire feed speed

ins/min 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 400 425 450 475 500 525 550 575 600 625 650 675 700 m/min 0.6 1.3 1.9 2.5 3.1 3.8 4.4 5.1 5.7 6.3 6.9 7.6 8.2 8.9 9.5 10.2 10.8 11.4 12.0 12.7 13.3 14.0 14.6 15.2 15.8 16.5 17.1 17.8

Consumable weight
lbs 2.2 4.4 6.6 8.8 11.0 13.2 15.4 17.6 19.8 22.0 33.0 44.0 55.0 66.0 77.0 88.0 99.0 110.0 kgs 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Electrode and wire diameter

inches 0.024 0.030 0.035 0.045 0.052 1/ 16 5/ 64 3/ 32 7/ 64 1/ 8 5/ 32 3/ 16 1/ 4 mm 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 3.0 3.2 4.0 5.0 6.0

Electrode length
inches 10 12 13 14 18 mm 250 300 330 350 450

Welding positions
Butt welds
PA Horizontal 1G flat position

according to DIN EN ISO 6947:1997-05

PC Transverse 2G position

PE Overhead 4G position

PG Vertical down 3Gd position

PF Vertical up 3Gu position

Fillet welds
PA Horizontal 1F flat position PB Horizontal 2F downhand position PD Horizontal 4F overhead position PG Vertical down 3F position PF Vertical up 3Fu position

Pipe welds
PA Pipe: rotated 1G Axis: horizontal ASME: 1G PG Pipe: fixed 5Gd Axis: horizontal ASME: 5Gd PF Pipe: fixed 5Gu Axis: horizontal ASME: 5Gu PC Pipe: fixed 2G Axis: vertical ASME: 2G H-LO45 Pipe: fixed 6G Axis: e.g. 45 ASME: 6G

Pipe welds

PB Pipe: rotated 2F Axis: horizontal ASME: 2F

PG Pipe: fixed 5Fd Axis: horizontal ASME: 5Fd

PF Pipe: fixed 5Fu Axis: horizontal ASME: 5Fu

PB Pipe: fixed 2F Axis: vertical ASME: 2F

PD Pipe: fixed 4F Axis: vertical ASME: 4F 31

Product Literature
OERLIKON consumables Catalogue
All data sheets of welding consumables of the OERLIKON range. 500 pages in A5 format (available also on line www.oerlikon-welding.com)

1 2 3

OERLIKON Manual Arc Equipment

MMA range 1 TIG range 2 Plasma cutting range 3 CITOMAG range 4 CITOWAVE CITOPULS range 5 Plasma Welding 6
6 5 4

Automation Catalogue, this catalogue describes a complete range of equipment for the automatic oxy and plasma cutting processes, as well as for the welding processes (MIG/MAG, TIG, plasma...). Positioning equipment is also presented, with rotators, positioners, column and booms, turntables etc... Competence, a journal from OERLIKON containing technical articles on some of the latest developments in welding technology. Each issue contains technical articles designed to illustrate recent technological developments from OERLIKON, their background and the consequent fabrication opportunities.

Contacts
BELGIUM AIR LIQUIDE WELDING BELGIUM SA Z.I. West Grijpen - Grijpenlaan 5 - 3300 TIENEN Tel.: +32 16 80 48 20 - Fax: +32 16 78 29 22 CHINA SAF SHANGHAI REP.OFF. Rm 722 Pine City Hotel 777 Zhao Jia Bang Lu - SHANGHAI 200032 Tel.: +86 21 64 43 89 69 - Fax: +86 21 64 43 58 97 CZECH REPUBLIC AIR LIQUIDE CZ S.R.O. - Welding and Cutting Podnikatelsk 565 - Arel SVUM - 190 11 PRAHA 9 - Bchovice Tel.: +420 274 023 163 - Fax: +420 274 023 233 FRANCE AIR LIQUIDE WELDING FRANCE 13, rue dpluches - BP 70024 Saint-Ouen l'Aumne 95315 CERGY PONTOISE Cedex Tel.: +33 1 34 21 33 33 - Fax: +33 1 34 21 31 30 GERMANY OERLIKON SCHWEISSTECHNIK GmbH Industriestrasse 12 - D-67304 EISENBERG/PFALZ Tel.: +49 6351 4760 - Fax: +49 6351 476 335 HUNGARY AIR LIQUIDE HUNGARY - Welding & Cutting Krisztina krt. 39/b - H-1013 BUDAPEST Tel.: +36 1 339 8650 - Fax: +36 1 339 8649 ITALY FRO-AIR LIQUIDE WELDING ITALIA Via Torricelli 15/A - 37135 VERONA Tel.: +39 045 82 91 511 - Fax: +39 045 82 91 536 LUXEMBOURG AIR LIQUIDE WELDING LUXEMBOURG S.A. 5 rue de la Dportation - BP 1385 - L-1415 LUXEMBOURG Tel.: +352 48 54 56 - Fax: +352 48 54 57 MALAYSIA SAF-OERLIKON MALAYSIA SDN BHD No 10, Jalan TPP 5/1 Taman Perindustrian Puchong - 47100 PUCHONG, SELANGOR Tel.: +603 8060 8638 - Fax: +603 8061 620 NETHERLANDS AIR LIQUIDE WELDING NETHERLANDS Rudonk 6 B - NL 4824 AJ BREDA Tel.: +31 76 541 00 80 - Fax: +31 76 541 58 96 POLAND AIR LIQUIDE WELDING POLSKA - SP. Z.o.o UL. Porcelanowa 10 - 40-246 KATOWICE Tel.: +48 32 609 04 50 - Fax: +48 32 609 04 60 PORTUGAL AIR LIQUIDE SOLDADURA LDA Rua Dr. Antnio Loureiro Borges, 4-2 Arquiparque Miraflores - 1495-131 ALGS Tel: +351 21 41 64 900 - Fax: +351 21 41 69 40 ROMANIA DUCTIL Aleea Industriilor Nr 1 - 120224 BUZAU Tel.: +40 238 722 058 - Fax: +40 238 716 861 RUSSIA AIR LIQUIDE WELDING 17 Vorontsovskaya Str. - 109147 MOSCOW Tel.: +7 495 641 28 98 - Fax: +7 495 641 28 91 SCANDINAVIA OERLIKON SKANDINAVIEN AB Krossverksgatan 7 - 216 16 LIMHAMN Tel.: +46 (0)40 670 15 00 - Fax: +46 (0)40 670 15 01 SLOVAKIA AIR LIQUIDE WELDING CENTRAL EUROPE S.R.O. Hlohoveck 6 - 951 41 NITRA - LUIANKY Tel.: +421 37 692 4610 - Fax : + 421 37 651 28 04 SPAIN OERLIKON SOLDADURA SA Poligono Industrial la Noria Carretera de Castellon Km-15,500 - 50730 El Burgo de Ebro - ZARAGOZA Tel.: +34 976 10 47 00 - Fax: +34 976 10 42 67 SWITZERLAND OERLIKON SCHWEISSTECHNIK AG Mandachstrasse 54 - CH 8155 NIEDERHASLI Tel.:+41 44 3076 111 - Fax: +41 44 3076 112 THAILAND AIR LIQUIDE WELDING THAILAND Co. Ltd. 40 Moo 6 - Ramindra Road Km 9.5 - KHANNAYAO, BANGKOK 10230 Tel.: +66 29 43 2250 - Fax: +66 29 43 2256 UAE AIR LIQUIDE WELDING MIDDLE EAST FZE Jebel Ali free zone warehouse No. FZS1AH05 P.O. BOX 18734 - Jebel Ali - DUBAI Tel.: +971(0)48861606 - Fax: +971(0)48861608 U. K. AIR LIQUIDE WELDING Ltd Low March / London Road - DAVENTRY - Northants NN11 4SD Tel.: +44 1 327 70 55 11 - Fax: +44 1 327 70 13 10 UKRAINE AIR LIQUIDE WELDING UKRAINE, Llc. 199, Moskovski avenue, office 339 - 61037 KHARKOV Tel.: +38 (057) 728 08 52 - Fax : +38 (057) 728 08 53

Contacts for other countries

ALW International Development Department Italy FRO - AIR LIQUIDE WELDING ITALIA Via Torricelli15/A 37135 VERONA Tel.: +39 045 82 91 511- Fax: +39 045 82 91 536 ALW International Development Department France AIR LIQUIDE WELDING FRANCE 13, rue dEpluches - Saint Ouen lAumne 95315 CERGY-PONTOISE Cedex Tel.: +33 1 34 21 33 33 - Fax: +33 1 30 37 19 73 www.oerlikon-welding.com

www.airliquide.com
Air Liquide is the world leader in gases for industry, health and the environment, and is present in over 75 countries with 43.000 employees. Oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen and rare gases have been at the core of Air Liquides activities since its creation in 1902. Using these molecules, Air Liquide continuously reinvents its business, anticipating the needs of current and future markets. The Group innovates to enable progress, to achieve dynamic growth and a consistent performance. Air Liquide combines many products and technologies to develop valuable applications and services not only for its customers but also for society.

Air Liquide Welding - W000370451 - 02/2011 - Ed.1 - HP1 - PLBD 6877 - Crdit photos : Fotolia Air Liquide Welding reserves the right to modify its products without prior notice. The information contained in this document is designed to help the user in his choice of product. The user should check that the product chosen by him is suited to the application he envisages for it.