Learning Activities for BSN 2057 Professional Growth Week 2 Values Clarification, Moral Development, and Socialization SUMMARY

OF CHAPTERS Value strong personal belief and an ideal that a person or group strives to uphold Ethics study of the philosophical ideals of right and wrong behaviour (values/standards) Values influence behaviour on the basis of the conviction that a certain action is correct in a certain situation. The CNA Code of Ethics is organized around values that include providing safe, compassionate, competent, and ethical care; promoting health and well-being; being accountable; and preserving dignity. Cultural Values values adopted as a result of a social setting Value Clarification process of appraising personal values (reflection) Code of Ethics ySafe, compassionate, competent, & ethical care yPromote health (highest potential) yInformed decision-making (respect) yPreserve dignity yMaintain privacy and confidentiality yPromote justice yBe accountable Responsibility reliable and dependable (right versus wrong) Accountability able to accept responsibility or to account for one s actions and refers to being answerable to someone Answerability able to offer reasons and explanations to other people for aspects of nursing practice Advocacy - acting on behalf of another person, speaking for persons who cannot speak for themselves, or intervening to ensure that views are heard Bioethics yAutonomy ability to make choices for yourself that should be based on full understanding, free from controlling influences yBeneficence doing or promoting good for others (positive) yNon-Maleficence the avoidance of harm and hurt yJustice fairness Ethical Dilemma conflict between two sets of human values, both of which are judged to be good , but neither of which can be fully served

Process of an Ethical Dilemma y Determine whether the issue is an ethical dilemma y Gather all information relevant to the case y Examine and determine your own values y Verbalize the problem y Consider course of action y Reflect on outcome y Evaluate the action and the outcome Informed Consent consent to treatment on the basis of accurate and complete information CHAPTER QUESTIONS 1) A value is an ideal that has significant meaning or importance to an individual, a group, or society. Values influence our own individual beliefs, views of other, and our opinion. 2) Morals are a system of beliefs (inborn values) that are taught for deciding good or bad, whereas values are personal beliefs.

3) We acquire values through our associations with others (friends/family), life experiences, religious beliefs, and the environment we live in. 4) Nurses need to become aware of their values in order to bring an individual perspective to ethical issues and dilemmas and be able to understand and show respect for the contribution of each member to the discussion at hand.

5) Value clarification is important to help individuals come to understand the values in which they hold and the relative importance of each of these values. Rewards of value clarification include: improved communication, collaboration among professionals, reduction in moral distress, and improvement in patient care. 6) We clarify values by facilitating open discussion among interprofessional teams, patients, and families through open discussion, active listening, and mutual respect. 7) Ethics is the systemic exploration of what is morally right and morally wrong.

8) Nurses need to know about ethics to aid them in the difficult decisions they will make and be faced with in practice (Code of Ethics). 9) Nurses need to learn about law since nurses face many situations in which what they believe to be most ethically correct may not be supported by the law (Criminal Code of Canada).

10) Ultilitarianism (consequences) y ethical choice is the one with the best consequences, outcomes, or results (good can be quantified) y provides the greatest good and least amount of harm y provides the ability to evaluate moral value based on outcome (pain/happiness) Deontology yrules are established to determine what is right or wrong based on one s obligations and duties ybelieve that the standards for moral behaviour exists independently Ethics of Caring y argue for an inductive process (personal story) y type of thinking that values feelings, emotions, and care Feminist Theory ygives voice to different female perspective, attempts to balance or integrate male and female thinking, or who promotes feminine over masculine views 11)Autonomy asserts that a capable and competent individual is free to determine, and to act in accordance with a self-chosen path Nonmaleficence do no harm

Beneficence sets a higher standard than nonmaleficence in that it holds that one must make a positive move to produce some good or benefit another Fidelity foundation of nurse-patient relationship (loyal/truthful) Justice notion of fairness Veracity - the duty to tell the truth