Analysis of Variance

ANOVA
Charles Quigley
Liberty University
 Definition
A statistical technique for testing for
differences in the means of several groups
(Howell, 2008, p. 375)

(Varience.gif )
 Components
• Concepts/Models
– Fixed
– Random
– Mixed
• Types
– One-way ANOVA
– One-way ANOVA for repeated measures
– Factorial ANOVA
– Multivariate analysis of variance
 Fixed-effects Models (I)
Fixed-effect models are used to compare
groups that are “identified by some
characteristic that is repeatable and
interesting” (McDonald, 2008, ¶ 2)
– Impact of ambient temperature on mood
– Paw-lick latency in novel environments
– Variations in species in geographically isolated
environments
 Random-effects Models (II)
The groups are chosen from a larger number
of possible groups. And group means may
be similar, but patterns of differences may
be evident (McDonald, 2008).
 Mixed-effects Models (III)
Used when both fixed and random elements
are present (Fredrick, 1999).
 Types
• One-way ANOVA
• One-way ANOVA for repeated measures
• Factorial ANOVA
• Multivariate analysis of variance
 One-way ANOVA
• Looking for differences between a groups
– “For example, you might have data on student
performance in non-assessed tutorial exercises
as well as their final grading. You are interested
in seeing if tutorial performance is related to
final grade. ANOVA allows you to break up the
group according to the grade and then see if
performance is different across these grades”
(Markham, 2000, ¶ 2).
 One-way ANOVA
for Repeated Measures
• Used to compare repeated measurements of
members of the same group (Markham,
2000).
– Results from a pre, mid, and post test of a class
can be used
 Factorial ANOVA
• “An experimental design in which every level of
each variable is pare with every level of each other
variable” (Howell, 2008, p. 419)
In this illustration, each
“object in the data set is
exposed or characterized by a
particular combination of the
treatment variables”
(McElroy, 2007).
http://www.ext.vt.edu/departments/entomology/images/aphid.jpeg
Factorial Mixed-design ANOVA
This is used when researchers have a mixture
between groups and repeated variables
(Field, 2008)
– To find the best combination of medication and
treatment models for various groups of students
who display ADHD.
Multivariate analysis of variance
(MANOVA)
This is used when there is more than one dependent
variable, for example:
• What are the main effects of the independent variables?
• What are the interactions among the independent variables?
• What is the importance of the dependent variables?
• What is the strength of association between dependent
variables?
• What are the effects of covariates? How may they be
utilized? (Conner, 2002 ).
 Works Cited
-- (N.D.) Aphid.jpeg. Retrieved November 8, 2008 from http://www.ext.vt.edu/departments/entomology/images/aphid.jpeg
-- (N.D.) Varience.gif Retrieved November 8, 2008 from http://www.materresearch.org/
mrsc/Resources/StatCourse2006/pics/Variance.gif
Conner, E. (2002). MANOVA. Retrieved November 8, 2008 from
http://userwww.sfsu.edu/~efc/classes/biol710/manova/manovanew.htm
Field, A. (2008). C8058 (Research Methods in Psychology): Mixed ANOVA using SPSS. Retrieved November 8, 2008
from http://www.statisticshell.com/mixed.pdf
Fredrick, B. (1999). Fixed-, Random-, and Mixed-Effects ANOVA Models: A User-Friendly Guide for Increasing the
Generalizability of ANOVA Results Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Southwest Educational Research
Association (San Antonio, TX, January 21-23, 1999). Retrieved November 8, 2008 from
http://eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/data/ericdocs2sql/content_storage_01/0000019b/80/17/2c/5c.pdf
Howell, T. (2008). Fundamental Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences. 6th Ed. Belmont, CA: Thomson Higher Education.
Markham, S. (2000). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Retrieved November 8, 2008 from
http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~smarkham/resources/anova.htm
McDonald, J. (2008). Handbook of Biological Statistics: Model I vs. Model II anova. Retrieved November 8, 2008 from
http://udel.edu/~mcdonald/statanovamodel. html
McElroy, D. (2007) Biology283.Lectures22 Retrieved November 8, 2008 from
http://bioweb.wku.edu/faculty/McElroy/BIOL283/283lects22.htm