BASIC NUTRITION: NUTRITION AND HEALTH Definition of Terms NUTRITION - the study of food in relation to health of an individual, community

or society and the process through which food is used to sustain life and growth. FOOD - any substance, organic or inorganic, when ingested or eaten, nourishes the body by building and repairing tissues, supplying heat and energy, and regulating bodily processes. NUTRIENT - a chemical component needed by the body for one or more of these three general functions: to provide energy, to build and repair tissues, and to regulate life processes. Nutrient Classification Nutrients may be classified according to function, chemical properties, essentiality or concentration. According to function: body building include water, protein, fat, carbohydrate & minerals. Water is the most abundant in the body, accounting for about 2/3 or 75% body weight. - they form tissues or are structural components of the body regulatory include six groups of nutrients. They maintain the homeostasis of body fluids and expedite metabolic processes - they maintain normal physiologic processes furnish energy are carbohydrate, fat and protein. - sometimes called the fuel nutrients According to chemical nature: organic carbon-containing compounds with the exception of carbonate & cyanide. - these are protein, fat, carbohydrate and vitamins inorganic minerals and water According to essentiality: The six major nutrients are groups of individual nutrients each of which has important physiologic roles in the body. All nutrients are physiologically essential to the body, but some are dietary essentials (i.e., these should be supplied from food because the body does not synthesize them) According to concentration: macronutrients water, protein, fat, carbohydrates and major minerals - they are present in relatively large amounts in the body micronutrient include all vitamins and trace minerals, which are measured in milligrams or fractions ENZYMES - organic catalysts that are protein in nature and are produced by living cells. - A catalyst hastens chemical reactions without itself undergoing change. - Composed of the protein part called apoenzyme and a cofactor also called activator or coenzyme

Mostly recognized by ending ase, like maltase, lipase, transaminase

HORMONES - organic substances produced by special cells in the body which are discharged into the blood to be circulated and brought to specific organs or tissues that are remote from the source or point of manufacture. - they regulate vital processes - produced by endorcrine or ductless glands, ex: insulin, thyroxin, adrenaline & progesterone NUTRITIONAL STATUS or NUTRITURE - is the condition of the body resulting from the utilization of essential nutrients - may be classified as: good, fair or poor OPTIMUM or GOOD NUTRITION - means that the body has adequate supply of essential nutrients that are efficiently utilized such that growth & good health are maintained at the highest possible level. MALNUTRITION - the opposite of good nutrition (mal meaning bad) - a condition of the body resulting from a lack of one or more essential nutrients (nutritional deficiency) or may be due to an excessive nutrient supply to the point of creating toxic or harmful effects (e.g., over nutrition, hypervitaminosis) Primary Factors faulty diet - poverty - limited food supply due to overpopulation - ignorance - low food production - poor food habits - poor distribution of food - cultural taboos Secondary Factors factors that interfere with normal digestion - gastrointestinal disorder - lack of appetite - poor teeth - lack of digestive enzymes factors that affect metabolism and utilization in the cells - liver diseases - alcoholism - malignancy - toxins - some drugs/drug addiction - diabetes mellitus factors that increase excretion & result in nutrient loss - polyuria - excessive perspiration - certain drugs like laxatives & diuretics