Chapter 6: Birth Control, Pregnancy, and Childbirth I.Contraceptives a.

Hormonal contraceptives: The patch Oral contraceptive (the pill) Contraceptive injections Progestin-Releasing Intrauterine Device (IUD) Vaginal ring b. Barrier methods Male condom (our favorite) Female condom Intrauterine Device (the IUD releases hormones, this doesnt) Spermicides Vaginal barriers: Diaphragm (only non hormonal prescription) Cervical cap (used in the past, doctors had to put it in for you) Sponge (no STD protection, traps sperm, people may be allergic, can result in yeast infection, urinary tract infection and toxic shock syndrome) c. Permanent methods: surgical sterilization (tying of the fallopian tubes, vasectomy) d. Natural methods Abstinence Withdrawal Calendar (rhythm) Female body temperature II. The Menstrual Cycle 1. The proliferature phase egg develops + endometrium proliferates, estrogen production increases 2. The secretory phase estrogen and progesterone production increases 3. The menstrual phase: Based on 28 day cycle Day 1-4: menstruation relatively safe for unprotected intercourse Day 5-13: proliferative phase Day 14-16: mature egg released (ovulation) Day 17-20: mature egg travels into the f. tube and into the uterus Day 21-28: after 7 days, if the egg is not fertilized, menstruation begins *FSH: Follical stimulating hormone signals ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone III. Pregnancy a. divided up into trimesters, 3 3 month periods of pregnancy b. Complications: Preeclampsia and eclampsia: high blood pressure, protein in the urine, fluid retention (edema), swelling in the hands and face c. Preeclampsia leads to eclampsia if not treated, which is characterized by strokes and seizures d. Liver and kidney damage, internal bleeding, stroke, poor fetal growth, fetal and maternal death e. C-section (cesarean section): a surgical procedure in which doctors make an incision across the f. mothers abdomen and through the uterus to remove the baby g. Miscarriage: loss of the fetus before it is viable h. Rh factor: Rh, a blood protein. With a mother is Rh-negative and her baby is Rh-positive, some of the babys blood passes into the mothers bloodstream and may produce antibodies to destroy the Rhpositive blood. The 1st baby will be unaffected but subsequent babies with positive Rh factor will be at risk forr a severe anemia called hemolytic disease i. Ectopic pregnancy: When the implantation of a fertilized egg occurs outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube. The pregnancy must be terminated prematurely, as the baby will not be nourished in these places j. Stillbirth: when a baby is born dead k. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS): Unexpected death of a child under 1

*In Vitro fertilization test tube baby *prenatal care A successful pregnancy depends on a mother who takes good care of herself and the fetus. Good nutrition; exercise; avoiding drugs, alcohol, and other harmful substances. Early detection of fetal abnormalities, identification of high-risk mothers and infants, and a complicationfree pregnancy are the major purposes of prenatal care.