Optical reader

Device found in scanners that captures information on paper and translates that image into digital information the computer is capable of understanding and displaying.
y

An input device that recognizes typewritten or printed characters and bar codes and converts them into their corresponding digital codes.
CRT Geometric correction needed Continuous image Imperfect modulation transfer function(MTF<1) Less uniform sharpness even with WAVE correction Contrast ratio independent from viewing angle CRTS like black Perfect black is possible High reflection of ambient light Good stability Instantaneous response speed No image retention Phosphor Aging Aging is image content dependent Mature technology High power consumption Image thicker present

LCD Perfect geometry Pixelization due to black lines between pixels Perfect modulation transfer function (MTF=1) Uniform sharpness 600:1contrast ratio dependent on viewing angle LCDS like white Imperfect black Low reflection of ambient light Poor stability(good with guard Poor response speed Image retention Black light Aging Aging independent of image content New technology Low power consumption No image thicker

Types of Modern Operating Systems

BeOS and Linux

BeOS
BeOS will serve as a model of a microkernel-based operating system; it uses microkernel technology in its kernel, it has a host of servers providing system functionality, and extends the microkernel paradigm into its user mode API with the idea of software ``kits''. BeOS was developed by Be Incorporated. ``Applications never access the BeOS servers directly. Rather, applications make use of the BeOS Kits, which in turn know how to interface with each server. Each Kit is made up of a set of C++ objects, which can be used and subclassed. These objects in turn call the servers and each other to accomplish more complex tasks. Examples of the BeOS Kits are the Interface Kit, handling most window, view, and drawing functions, the Application Kit , handling application-level capabilities and

communications, and the Media Kit, handling audio and video capabilities. The array of BeOS software kits provide a wide range of classes and functions that applications use to build complex capabilities. BeOS is a prime example of microkernel design. Not only does it follow the design paradigm, but it also extrapolates the relation between microkernel and servers into its kit-based API.

Linux Linux is a monolithic kernel UNIX-like operating system that was started by Linus Torvalds in 1991. ``It is a multiuser, multitasking system with a full set of UNIX-compatible tools ... Linux is designed to be compliant with the relevant POSIX documents ... [and] adheres to SVR4 UNIX semantics" .Because Linux is a monolithic system, most of its system functionality resides within the kernel. Linux separates functionality into subsystems (e.g. virtual file system management, memory and process management, and networking), each of which is directly part of the kernel. User mode programs are able to access kernel functionality though system calls. Linux is able to load and unload modules, which provided various different OS services. Unlike microkernel servers, modules run in in kernel mode. In the Linux operating system, a module is a functionality component that has been separated out into a compiled object file. ``These loadable kernel modules run in privileged kernel mode, and as a consequence have full access to all the hardware [of the computer] ... In theory, there is no restriction on what a kernel modules is allowed to do; typically, a module might implement a device driver, a file system, or a networking protocol. Linux is a well-developed monolithic system. It is designed similarly to most other monolithic systems, and as such is an appropriate case study. One feature that Linux capitalizes on is its loadable module support; with modules a Linux system can be dynamically extended to have more functionality.

DEPARTMENT-ITIM NAME-EDEN BEGASHAW ID NO-03037025 Submitted to-Instructor KETEMA