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PART F - BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION

1. SCOPE OF WORK This item shall consist of the construction of three (3) bridges; Bridges Name Sta. Cruz Bridge 1 Sta. Cruz Bridge 2 Matalaba Bridge Length (mts.) 280.0 15.0 15.0 Type of Span Pre-stressed Concrete Girder Pre-stressed Concrete Girder Pre-stressed Concrete Girder Foundation Bored Pile Bored Pile Bored Pile

2. EQUIPMENT Bored Piling Crawler Crane Auger Cleaning bucket Vibratory Hammer Generator Concrete Production Concrete B/P Generator Wheel Loader Water Truck Concrete Pouring 3. MANPOWER Field Engineer Operator Driver Skilled Laborer Common Laborer Transit Mixer Concrete Pump Engine Vibrator Water Truck R.S Bar/ Steel Cage Bar Bender Bar Cutter Fork Lift Cargo Truck Generator Acetylene Welding Machine

4. CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE

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4.1

SURVEY WORK Carry out initial topographic survey of the project to establish the existing levels and record all details as necessary before commencing the works. Where necessary these will be supported by photographs of the area. Initial survey of existing utilities must be done to check if there are obstructions which might interfere with the permanent works. If there are obstructions need to relocate Hanjin shall advise the authorities to relocate them before commencing the affected areas.

4.2 TEMPORARY WORKS Access Roads Road diversion in area where required and various traffic control facilities will be installed. b. Craneway for Foundation Works

Craneway will be constructed for bored piling and other crane works. The access shall be constructed using the available material at Site. The craneway will be removed and disposed to designated areas upon completion of Works. 4.3 PRE-CASTING OF GIRDERS Pre-casting of girders shall be made at fabrication yard that will be located within the vicinity of the project. The prestressing works shall be executed in accordance with the requirements of the Plan and Specification. 4.4 FOUNDATION WORKS (Concrete Pile Cast-in Placed Drilled Holes) Consist of drilling, excavation, caging, concrete pouring, and cut and spliced in accordance with this specification and in reasonably close conformity with the plan. Submittal Hanjin will submit to the Engineer for review and approval the installation plan for the construction of bored piles. The submittal shall include the following: a) List of proposed equipment to be used including cranes, drills, augers, bailing buckets, final cleaning equipment, and slurry pumps, sampling equipment, tremies or concrete pumps, etc. b) Details of overall construction operation sequence and the sequence of bored pile construction in bents or groups. c) Details of pile excavation methods.

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d) When slurry is required, details of the method proposed to mix, circulate and desand slurry. e) Details of methods to clean the shaft excavation. f) Details of reinforcement placement including support and centralization methods. g) Details of concrete placement, curing and protection. h) Other information shown on the Plans or requested by the Engineer. Materials Reinforcing Steel shall conform to the requirements in the Specifications. Concrete for Bored Piles shall be Class P with the strength requirement of 28 MN/m2 (4000 psi). The use of appropriate additives to assure mix consistency shall be allowed provided air entraining is not enhanced and with Engineers approval. A retarder of proven adequacy and approved by the Engineer shall be used to ensure that early hardening of concrete during tremie operation will not occur. Casings which are required to be incorporated as part of the permanent work shall conform to AASHTO M183 (ASTM A-36). Construction Sequence All holes for concrete piles cast-in drilled holes shall be drilled dry to the tip elevations. Figure A shows the boring for cast in place pile.

Figure A) Flight auger mounted on a boring rig initiates the excavation All holes will be examined for straightness and any hole which on visual inspection from the top shows less than one-half the diameter of
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the hole at the bottom of the hole will be rejected. Suitable casings shall be furnished and placed required to prevent caving of the hole before concrete is placed.

Figure B) Installation of permanent casing to prevent soil from eroding All loose materials existing at the bottom of the hole after drilling operations shall be removed before placing concrete.

Figure C) Cleaning of the base using cleaning bucket The use of water for drilling operations or for any other purpose where it may enter the hole will not be permitted. All necessary action shall be

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taken to prevent water from entering the hole and all water which may have infiltrated into the hole shall be removed before placing concrete.

Figure D) Installation of steel reinforcement prior to concrete pouring Prior to pouring of concrete, steel cage will be installed to the drilled hole as shown in figure D. Concrete shall be placed by means of suitable tubes or pumpcrete depends on the accessibility of the area. Prior to the initial concrete set, the top 3 m of the concrete filled pile or the depth of any reinforcing cage, whichever is greater, shall be consolidated by acceptable vibratory equipment.

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e) Placing of concrete The bottom of the casing shall be maintained not more than 1.5m nor less than 0.3m below the top of the concrete during withdrawal and placing operations unless otherwise permitted by the Engineer. Separation of the concrete during withdrawal operations shall be avoided by vibrating the casing. 4.5 TESTING OF PILES a. LOW STRAIN PILE INTEGRITY TESTING (PIT) ASTM D5882-00 Low Strain Pile Integrity Testing is a quick and cost effective method to evaluate the shaft integrity of concrete piles. The testing is able to provide information on: a) Pile continuity b) Consistency of material c) Location of defect d) Degree of defect The test method is performed with a hand held hammer, a sensitive accelerometer and the Pile Integrity Tester. The accelerometer is attached to the top of the pile, and then a compressive wave is generated by tapping the pile head with a hammer. When the downward compression wave encounters a change in cross section or in concrete quality, it generates an upward tension wave that is later observed at the pile top. The velocity recorded along with the subsequent reflections from the
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pile toe or pile discontinuities are graphically displayed. The effectiveness of the system is limited to a pile length not exceeding 30 to 60 pile diameters depending on soil condition and concrete quality. PILE TOP PILE TOE

PIT Sample Graph

b. HIGH-STRAIN DYNAMIC TESTING OF PILES (PDA) ASTM D4945-00 This test method covers the procedure for testing vertical or batter piles individually to determine the force and velocity response of the pile to an impact force applied axially by a pile driving hammer to the top of the pile. This test method is applicable to deep foundation units that function in a manner similar to foundation piles, regardless of their method of installation provided that they are receptive to high strain impact testing. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 1--High-strain dynamic testing requires a strain at impact which is representative of a force in the pile having the same order of magnitude, or greater, than the ultimate capacity of the pile. Note 2--This standard method may be applied for high-strain dynamic testing of piles with the use of only force or strain transducers and/or acceleration, velocity or displacement transducers as long as the test results clearly state how the testing deviates from the standard. Note 3--A suitable follower may be required for testing cast-in-place concrete piles. This follower should have impedance within 80 and 150% of that of the pile. However, additional caution and analysis may be required if the impedance is not within 10%. For mandrel driven piles, the mandrel may be instrumented in a similar way to a driven pile

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provided that the mandrel is constructed of a single member with no joints 4.6 ABUTMENT AND PIER CONSTRUCTION Backfilling of excavated area In this phase of work, excavated area will be backfilled layer by layer. But prior to backfilling works, temporary facilities will be removed at the area from possible subsidence due to the use of wrong selected materials. Construction of Piers After backfilling is completed and the area is reinstated to the existing ground level, temporary scaffolding works for the construction of piers will follow. Construction of Pier Heads Schedule the utilization of appropriate system forms to cover the standard width type, variable width type and special width type of various sizes of pier heads. Falsework and formworks for the work shall be steel construction design and detailing of the formworks will be submitted to the Engineer for approval. Appropriate safety handrail and safety net as well as foot ramp and ladder will be installed for this pier head and coping works. Special scaffolding (falsework) will be installed for concreting of pier heads. Concreting works shall be in accordance with the requirements of the drawings and specifications. Pouring of concrete shall be done by concrete pump of adequate reach and capacity. 4.7 INSTALLATION OF PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE GIRDER Steel forms shall be used for the casting of concrete for pre-stressed concrete girders. These forms shall conform to the girder type and length shown on the drawing plans. Steel forms shall be of the required gauge thickness, design and rigidity to prevent bulging and produce a finished product with the correct dimension, shapes and details. Pre-stressed concrete girders shall be fabricated in the pre-cast yard and transported to the required location for launching by using appropriate cranes. General sequence for the erection of pre-stressed concrete girders will be as follows: Phase 1: Launching of girders as shown in the figure below.
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P .S C O N C R E TE G IR D E R

A B U T M EN T

PIE R

Phase 2: Concreting of intermediate and end diaphragms Pre-stressing of cables Phase 3: Concreting of deck slab except interior support. Phase 4: Concreting of connection diaphragm pre-stressing of cables Concreting of remaining deck slab Phase 5: Concreting of sidewalk railing. All pre-stressing works shall be carried out safely by using appropriate pre-stressing equipment. 4.8 CONCRETING OF SLAB AND RAILING Immediately after setting of girders, concreting of slab will follow. Bracket forms shall be used. The hanging forms will be fixed on the girders and removed after the curing of concrete.

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4.9 MECHANICALLY STABILIZED EARTH (MSE) WALLS 4.9.1General The wall system consists of the original ground, concrete leveling pad, wall facing panels, coping, soil reinforcement, select backfill and any loads and surcharges. All of these items have an affect on the performance of the MSE wall and are taken into account in the stability analysis. The general concept of the MSE wall system is that the weight of the select backfill grabs the soil reinforcement by friction and by directly binding with the granular backfill. The backfill wants to push the facing panels out, but the connection between the facing and the reinforcement prevents this.

Figure 1, Wall Components

4.9.2 PREPARATION OF THE SITE: The MSE wall footprint area needs to be prepared. The footprint area is the zone of the wall facing, soil reinforcement and select backfill. The foundation for the structure shall be graded level for a width equal to or exceeding the length of soil reinforcement or as shown on the plans. Any soft or loose material that is encountered should be compacted or removed and replaced. The foundation soils for the retaining system must be proof rolled before wall construction begins and after the required excavation is completed. If soils are encountered that do not match the borings performed for the wall they should be brought to the attention of the geotechnical engineers for analysis. 4.9.3 LEVELING PAD: Once the area has been properly prepared, an unreinforced concrete leveling pad is poured in place. The leveling pad concrete must cure for a
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minimum of 12 hours before placement of the wall panels can begin. Even though the leveling pad is not "structurally" important, it is important to the construction of the wall. The leveling pad sets the horizontal and vertical alignment of the wall. It must be in the correct horizontal position, level and at correct grade. 4.9.4 WALL FACING PANELS: Before the panels are placed, the wall and shop drawings must be checked to ensure that the proper panels are being used. Depending on the wall height, the number of reinforcement connections on the back of the panel may vary. The panels with the most connections will be typically the lower panels of the wall. In the upper portions of the wall, the number of connections may be less. It is important that the panels are used in their proper position. The panels need to be inspected to ensure they meet the plans, specifications, and shop drawings. They also need to be inspected for damage (bent connectors, damaged panels, etc.). The correct placement of the first row or two of panels is very important (see Figure 2, Placing Panels ). A spacer bar should be used to get the correct placement. They need to be on the proper alignment and grade and be level. The correct spacing is also very important. Without the correct spacing, panel corners will crack and spall as they settle. Spacing blocks must be used. Wooden wedges are also used to help hold the vertical alignment of the panels. The drainage system for the wall must be installed at this early stage of wall construction to prevent ponding of water in the excavation and the subsequent loss of strength of the foundation soils.

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Figure 2, Placing of Panels

The vertical and horizontal alignments need to be checked periodically to ensure proper alignment. This will also uncover problems early so corrections can be made before the panels get too far out of alignment.

4.9.5 PANEL STORAGE: Panels should be stored flat and on dunged (see Figure 3, Proper Panel Storage and Figure 4, Improper Panel Storage). Properly storing panels protects the connections from being bent and damaging the galvanization (see Figure 5, Damaged Tabs). Panels with bent connections will not be used. Panels should be stored out of the mud to avoid staining the panel face.

Figure 3, Proper Panel Storage

Figure 4, Improper Panel Storage

Figure 5, Damaged Tabs

4.9.6 SOIL REINFORCEMENT: The soil reinforcement is used to make a unified gravity mass consisting of select structural backfill, facing, and the reinforcement and acting like a gravity wall for exterior analysis purposes. Metallic reinforcement should not be bent or torn, and the galvanization should not be damaged. Polymer reinforcement should not be torn, cut, left in the sun or otherwise damaged. Typically, the reinforcement is placed perpendicular to the wall face. Slack

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in the reinforcement should be removed prior to placing the backfill over it, and polymer reinforcement should have some tension placed in the reinforcement. The reinforcement should not be connected to the wall until the compacted fill is at or slightly higher than the facing panel connector. 4.9.7 SELECT BACKFILL: The select backfill must meet the specification requirements for gradation, electro-chemical properties, soil properties and organic content. Placing Backfill The select backfill lift should be placed parallel to the wall and starting approximately 900 mm from the back of the wall panels. The backfill should be placed in 10 inch (250 mm) loose lifts. The fill is then leveled by machinery moving parallel to the wall, windrowing the material toward the reinforcement ends. This action works out any slack in the reinforcement then locking the reinforcement and the panels in position. Once this has been accomplished, fill is then placed within 900 mm behind the wall by windrowing the material. Except for the initial layer, the fill must be brought up uniformly for the whole layer.

4.1.8 COMPACTION: Compaction equipment used within 3 feet (900 mm) of the wall should be a vibratory roller or plate weighing less than 1,000 pounds (450 kg). From beyond 3 feet (900 mm) of the wall facing panels, a roller up to 8 tons (7.25 Mg) may be used, subject to satisfactory performance. A rubber-tired roller may also be acceptable. Compactors which employ a foot such as a sheepsfoot (see Figure 21, Sheepsfoot Rollers Not Allowed ) or grid rollers, are not acceptable for compacting select structural backfill. Backfill compaction shall be performed in such a way that the compactor shall move in a direction parallel to the wall facing panels and proceed from a distance not less than three feet behind the wall facing panels and work toward the end of the soil reinforcement away from the wall facing. The moisture content of the backfill material prior to and during compaction shall be muted throughout each layer of material. Backfill material shall have placement moisture content within 3 percent of the optimum moisture content. If additional water is required for the material, the water must meet the specification requirements.
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4.9 SLOPE PROTECTION WORKS Right after the completion of the superstructure, abutment slope protection works will follow. On this item it will consist of grouted riprap at side drain, stone masonry, rubble concrete and mattress. This work will avoid erosion from the embankment area.

TOP OF COPPING GROUTED RIP RAP

1 5: 1.

ABUTMENT

MATRESSES

S=

FILTER CLOTH

COMPACT FILL BEFORE PLACING GROUTED RIPRAP

BORED PILE

TYPICAL DETAIL OF ABUTMENT SLOPE PROTECTION

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PART G - DRAINAGE & SLOPE PROTECTION STRUCTURES

BOX CULVERT 1. SCOPE OF WORK This item consists of construction of Box Culverts including the associated excavation, backfilling and bedding works in accordance with requirements specified or referred to herein, all to the Engineers satisfaction. Description Reinforcing Steel, Grade 60 (For RCBC, Headwalls) Structural Concrete Class AA (for RCBC) Lean Concrete (fc=10MPA)
2. EQUIPMENT

Unit Kg. Cu.m Cu.m

Quantity 175,865.0 1,630.0 100.0

General Generator Wheel Loader Water Truck Excavator Plate Compactor Pouring & Curing Transit Mixer Concrete Pump Engine Vibrator 3. MANPOWER Surveyor Survey Aide Operator

Concrete B/P Water Truck Cargo Truck Fork Lift Bar Bender Bar Generator Cutter

R. S. Bar Machine Machine

Driver Skilled Laborer Common Laborer

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4. WORK OF FLOW Materials Activity Equipment Manpower

Layout of the Box Culvert - Excavator Excavation

- Gravel

- Plate Compactor Bedding - Excavator - Cargo Truck - Bar Cutter Installation of - Bar 5. WORK METHODOLOGY Bender rebar and forms
-

-Reinforcing
Bars -Forms

Operator Surveyor Foreman Laborers

- Driver

Tr ansit Mixer - Concrete Concrete Pump Survey for layout shall be conducted-first before excavation shall be started. The trench shall be excavated to the line, - Concrete grade necessary for the placement depth and Vibrator Concrete - Operator

Excavation

of Box culvert.

Pouring -

- Selected Fill Bedding

Pl ate Backfilling - Driver Compactor After the trench has been excavated to the required depth and width, bedding shall - shall be be compacted. Bedding for box culvertExcavatoron two layers, first layer shall be

- Surveyor - Foreman - Laborers

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100 mm compacted gravel bedding and final bedding shall be 100 mm THK Lean concrete. In case where the water level is higher than the elevation of the bedding and compaction is not possible, water pump will be used to drain the water. Survey checking of elevation of the bedding shall be done before the installation of rebar and forms. Installation of Rebar and Forms Installation of reinforcing bars will take place after the bedding and compaction operation is done. All reinforcement shall be fabricated at the yard and shall be transported at the site area so as to have an orderly working place. Reinforcing bars shall be cut and bend according to the specification and plans. Forms shall be installed after the installation of rebar. Plywood shall be used for sheathing and shall be framed with a combination of G.I pipe and lumber. Shoring on forms shall be tightly installed so as to avoid movement of forms when pouring of concrete take place. Concreting Works Concrete construction shall conform to the requirements of Specifications. Backfilling & Compaction Backfilling and compaction shall be done with the used of loader and plate compactor. It shall be continued until the fill has reached the required elevation density.

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RC PIPE CULVERTS 1. SCOPE OF WORK The work include furnishing of all labor, materials and equipment required in accordance with the specification and as shown on the drawing for the execution of the following activities: Description RCPC 910mm dia. (Regular Strengths) 2. EQUIPMENT Excavator Dump Truck Plate Compactor Cargo Truck Survey Instruments Truck Crane Unit l.m Quantity 2240

3. MANPOWER Field Engineer / Foreman Surveyor Survey Aides Common Laborers Operators

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4. WORK OF FLOW Materials Activity Equipment Manpower

Layout of the drainage line - Excavator Excavation - Plate Compactor Bedding

RC Pipes: -5.910mm dia. METHODOLOGY WORK

- Excavator - Cargo Truck

Operator Surveyor Foreman Laborers

Excavation shall start.

Placing of RC Pipes

- Driver

Pl - Selected Fill for layout of the drainage line shall be conducted first before excavation Survey ate Compactor - Excavator Backfilling Excavation for pipe laying shall be done with the used of excavator.

The trench shall be excavated to the line, depth and grade necessary for the pipes to be laid. It shall have a maximum width of 2 times the diameter of the pipe. Bedding Bedding for the RC pipes shall be compacted with the used of plate compactor, after the trench has been excavated to the required depth and width. FDT testing shall be conducted and the bedding shall pass to the requirement of the specification.

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In case where the water level is higher than the elevation of the bedding and compaction is not possible, water pump will be used to drain the water. Survey checking of elevation of the bedding shall be done before pipe laying, installation of manhole and catch basin shall start. Placing of Pipes The pipe shall be laid carefully. It shall be lifted and placed to the trench with the used of excavator. The joints of RC pipe shall be provided with collar filled with mortar. The inner ends of the RC pipes shall be flushed with the inner face of the wall in manhole and catch basin outside face of the wall in case of outlet structure. Backfilling After the pipe has been installed and the mortar joints sufficiently set, backfilling shall be started. The backfilling materials shall be place along side of the pipes in layer of 150mm in depth and compacted so that on each side of the pipe there shall be thoroughly compacted material of the same height. Backfilling and compaction shall be done with the used of loader and plate compactor. It shall be continued until the fill has reached the required elevation.

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GROUTED RIPRAP
1. SCOPE OF WORK This item shall consist of the construction of Grouted Riprap in minor structures, toes of slopes and other locations called on the Plans, and in conformity with the plan and specification and shall conform to the lines, grades and dimensions as shown on the plans. The activities to be done are as follows: Description Grouted Riprap Class A Unit cu.m. Quantity 17,350.0

2. EQUIPMENT Excavator Dump Truck Plate Compactor Concrete Mixer

3. MANPOWER Operator Driver Skilled Laborer Common Laborer

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4. WORK FLOW Materials Activity Equipment Manpower

Excavation

- Excavator

-Stone, -Cement 5. WORK METHODOLOGY -Sand

Hauling/ Placing

- Dump truck

Operator Driver Skilled Labor Common Labor

-Skilled Laborer Grouting -Common Labor The bed for riprap shall be excavated to the required depths and properly compacted, trimmed and shaped. The riprap shall be founded in toe trench dug below the depth of the scour as shown on the drawings or as directed by the Engineer. The Toe trench shall be filled with stone of the same class as that specified for the riprap unless otherwise specified. Excavation - Concrete Mixer Placing Stone placed below the water line shall be distributed so that the minimum thickness of the riprap is not less than that specified. Stones above the water line shall be placed by hand or individually by machines. They shall be laid with close, broken joints and shall be firmly bedded into the slope and against the adjoining stones. Each stone shall be laid with its longest axis perpendicular to the slope in close contact with each adjacent stone. The riprap shall be thoroughly rammed into a place as construction progresses and the finished surface shall present an even, tight surface. Interstices between stones shall be filled with small broken fragments firmly rammed into place. Grouting When specified, stones shall be placed by hand, or individually by machine as specified for riprap placed above the water line. The spaces between the stones shall then be filled with cement mortar as required in the specification. Sufficient mortar shall be used to completely fill all voids, except that the face surface of the stones shall be left exposed.

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REINFORCED CONCRETE DITCH

1. SCOPE OF WORK This item consists of constructing ditches composed of reinforced concrete, grouted riprap, and earth materials. These structures will serve as waterway to avoid flooding on roads. The activities to be done are as follows: Description Reinforced Concrete Ditch with Cover, Type A Unit L.m. Quantity 7,975.0

2. EQUIPMENT Excavator Dump Truck Plate Compactor Concrete Mixer

3. MANPOWER Operator Driver Skilled Laborer Common Laborer

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2. WORK FLOW Materials Activity Equipment Manpower

Excavation

- Excavator

- Operator - Skilled Labor - Common Labor

Compaction -Sheathing Form -Rebar

- Plate Compactor -Driver -Skilled Laborer -Common Labor

Installation of forms and Rebar 5. WORK METHOLOGY

- Cargo Truck - Bar Cutter

Excavation -Sand Fabrication of Excavation shall be done by the use of excavator. The bed where the ditch will be -Skilled -Gravel Ditch Cover and cleaned- to the satisfaction of Laborer constructed shall be cleared the Engineer. -Cement Concrete -Common Mixer Compaction Labor The bed of ditch shall be compacted by the use of plate compactor. It shall be Concreting compacted to a degree so as to present a relatively even surface and have a state of bonding to some extent. Installation of Forms and Rebars After the compaction of bed, installation of forms and reinforcement bars will take place. Reinforcing bars shall be according to specifications and forms must be properly installed to avoid buckling when concrete pouring take place. Dimension of the ditch shall properly be observed so as to meet the Drawing shown in the plans. Concreting Works Concrete construction shall conform to the requirements of Specifications.

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STONE MASONRY
1. SCOPE OF WORK

This item of work consist of stone masonry in minor structures, in retaining walls at the toes of slopes and at other locations called for on the Plans, in accordance with the Specification and in conformity with the lines, grades, sections and dimensions shown on the Plans.
The activities to be done are as follows: Description Stone Masonry (Retaining Wall) Stone Masonry (Dwarf Wall) Unit cu.m. cu.m. Quantity 6,580.0 1,876.0

2. EQUIPMENT Dump Truck

Excavator Plate Compactor

3. MANPOWER Operator Driver Skilled Laborer Common Laborer 4. WORK METHODOLOGY Selection and Placing The foundation bed shall be firm and normal to the face of the wall and shall be approved by the Engineer before placing any stones. Stones to be set shall be cleaned and the bed is to receive them shall be cleaned and moistened before the mortar is spread. Setting and laying of stones shall be in accordance with the specifications. Beds and Joints Beds and joints shall not extend in an unbroken line through more than five and two stones respectively. Cross beds for vertical walls shall be level, and for

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battered walls may vary from level to normal to the batter line of the face of the wall.

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Cleaning Exposed Faces Immediately after being laid, and while the mortar is fresh, all face stones shall be thoroughly cleaned of mortar stains and shall be kept clean until the work is completed. Curing In hot or dry weather, the masonry shall be protected from the sun and shall be kept wet for a period of at least three days after completion.

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