ENERGY: SOURCES OF ENERGY

BY MICHAEL BRIAN MANUEL JAKE TULABING ARIES JOHN CADDAUAN LEMUEL MAGLALANG JARED PATRIC VALDE JOMAR GARCIA QUILINGAN

ENGLISH 1023 PROFESSOR HELEN DE ASIS JANUARY 9, 2012

ENERGY: IMPORTANCE OF THE DIFFERENT SOURCES OF ENERGY IN OUR DAILY LIFE Thesis Statement: Water, Sunlight, Wind, Heat and Nuclear are the sources of energy. I. Introduction: Energy. II. Sources of Energy. A. The Different Sources of Energy. 1. Renewable Energy Sources. 2. Non-renewable Energy Sources. 3. Artificial Energy Sources. B. Energy Comes From: 1. Energy comes from natural sources. 2. Power plants Operated. III. Ways to Generate Energy. A. Energy Generated by Dams. B. Energy Generated by Turbines. C. Energy Generated by Direct Sources. D. Energy Generated by Power plants. IV. The Uses of the Different Sources of Energy. A. Advantage of These Different Sources of Energy. B. Effects of These Different Sources of Energy to Mankind. C. Disadvantage of These Different Sources of Energy. D. Efficiency of These Different Sources of Energy. V. Conclusion: There are different sources of energy that are generated in different ways to became helpful for the mankind. There are advantages and disadvantage for these different sources, some sources are natural or artificial which are can be long-lasting or limited. Thats why even now people are searching for more energy sources. Energy: Importance of the Different Sources of Energy in our Daily Life In physics, energy is a directly observed quantity. It is often understood as the ability a physical system has to do work on other physical systems. Since work is defined as force acting through a distance, energy is always equivalent to the ability to exert pulls or pushes against the basic forces of nature, along a path of a certain length. Energy may be stored in system without being present as matter, or as kinetic or electromagnetic energy. Stored energy is created whenever a particle has been moved through a field it interacts with, but the energy to accomplish this is stored as a new position of the particles in the field a configuration that must be held or fixed by a different type of force. Water, Sunlight, Wind, Heat and Nuclear are the sources of energy. In all such energy transformation processes, the total energy remains the same, and a transfer of energy from one system to another, results in a loss to compensate for any gain. This participle, the conservation of energy, was first postulated in the early 19th

century, and applies to any isolated system. According to Neothers theorem, the conservation of energy is a consequence of the fact that the laws of physics do not change over time. The sun is the powerful source of energy. Sunlight or Solar energy, can be used for heating, lighting and cooling homes and other building, generating electricity, water heating and variety of industrial processes. Wind is the movement of air that occurs when warm air rises and cooler air rushes in to replace it. The energy of wind has been used for centuries to sail ship and drive windmills that grind grain. Today, wind energy is captured by wind turbines and used to generate electricity. Water flowing downstream is a powerful force. Water is a renewable resource, constant recharge by the global cycle of evaporation and precipitation. The heat inside the earth produce electricity, or for other applications such as home heating and power generation for industry. Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel in the world with an estimated reserve of one trillion metric tons. Crude oil or liquid petroleum is a fossil fuel that is refined into many different energy products. Natural gas production is often a by-product of oil recovery, as the two commonly share underground reservoirs. Natural gas is highly flammable and is odorless. In most electric power plants, water is heated and converted into steam, which drives a turbine generator to produce electricity. Fossil fuel power plants produce heat by burning coal, oil or natural gas. Artificial energy can be defined in contradiction with natural energy. It must be produce without transformation of material, by the mere functioning of material implement. Many source of energy comes from natural sources like sunlight and water. We can use water when we take a bath, cooking foods, washing dishes and clothes, etc. We use sunlight for lightning, cooking foods when we are in a campsite. Other source can be operated by a power plants like heat, natural gases and nuclear. These type of energy uses a power plants to be useful to people but if we used it, incorrectly, we can destruct many lives and properties. There are many ways to generate energy from source to convert into electrical energy there are dams facilities, power plants, solar panels and turbines. The direct sources of transforming energy into electricity energy are static electricity, electromagnetic induction and transforming chemical energy into electricity. It also includes photoelectric process (transformation light into electrical energy), direct conversation of temperature differences to electricity, by means of nuclear energy. Dams generate energy by utilizing the kinetic energy of water or the water pulse that in stored in elevated lake or water current of ocean or seas, from (Wiki.Answer). Its says the power that generate in dams is the kinetic energy of a water flows, that across the dams. There are the ways to generate energy from dams, outlet in the dam allow water to

escape down a pipe, trading potential energy for kinetic energy ,i.e., as it turbines where the it hits the blades of turbines and make it make spin rapidly. The spinning turbine is connected to a generator, a rotating machine with magnets that converts the energy of rotation into electrical energy.

DAMS A turbine is the process to convert mechanical to electrical energy. When the blades start moving, they spin a shaft that leads to a generator. The generator consists of a conductor, such as a coiled wire, that is surrounded by a magnet. The rotating shaft turns the magnet around the conductor and generates an electrical current. Sensors cause the top of turbine to rotate to face into wind and the blades change their angle to the best catch of the wind. The blades are flexible and stop spinning if wind is too strong.

TURBINES In generating energy in power plants, the potential energy of various types of fuels (fossil fuels, nuclear, geothermal) is converted into another form of energy (usually mechanical or heat energy), from (Entergy). Power plants use mechanical or heat energy to produce energy to the types of various fuels and the heat of earth that gives steam to convert mechanical energy to produce energy. There are three types of power plants that depend to the source of heat; there have nuclear, geothermal and natural gasses. In nuclear power plants use the fission process to generate the energy needed to produce electricity. In a nuclear plant, atoms of low grade uranium are split apart. This creates the heat needed to produce steam. The turbines begin to turn, causing giant wire coils inside the generator to turn. This creates an electromagnetic field, which forces electron to move and starts the flow of electricity.

NUCLEAR POWER PLANT In geothermal power plants it also use of steam of heat that comes from the heat of earth. There are three designs for geothermal power plants, all of which pull hot water and steam from ground, use it, and return it is as warm water to prolong the life of the heat sources. In the simplest design was the dry steam power plant the steam goes directly through the turbine, then into a condenser where the steam is condensed into water. In a second design was flash steam power plant, very hot water is depressurized or flashed into a steam which can then be used to drive the turbine. In the third design was called a binary cycle power plant, the hot water passes through the heat exchanger, where it heats a second liquid such as isobutene in a closed loop. The isobutene boils at a lower temperature than water, so it is more easily converted into steam to run the turbines, to convert into energy.

GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT In natural gases power plant, as the same ways to produce electricity. Natural gases burn to the boiler to heat water and produce steam then turn a turbine to create electricity.

NATURAL GASES POWER PLANTS

In solar panels, light convert to electricity. Light from the sun consist of particles called photons by (Greg Masterson). As photons are absorbed by solar panels, photoelectric effect causes the flow of free electrons or electricity. Photoelectric effect is the process, Energy contained within the incident light is absorbed by electrons within the

metal, giving the electrons sufficient energy to be 'knocked' out of, that is, emitted from, the surface of the metal.

SOLAR PANELS There are advantage and disadvantage of these different sources of energy. In nuclear power plants, the advantage of nuclear power plant, a single nuclear reactor can produce a substantial amount of power. A nuclear reactor produces much more single power per unit weight of fuel than conventional coal and oil. The production of nuclear power does not released carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and hence does not contribute global warming. Disadvantage of nuclear power, when the nuclear power does not use it properly, it cause a big problem to the people that near to the power plant, nuclear power can caused a serious ailment like, cancer, leukemia and etc,. In hydropower, have a lessen negative factor to the environment and mankind. Hydropower has a minimal environment impact, inexhaustible fuel source, viable source relatively useful levels of energy production and can be used throughout the world. Hydropower have a disadvantage, run of the river plant can impact the mobility of fish and other river life, smaller models depend on availability of fast flowing streams or river. Hydroelectric power generation is by far the most efficient method of large scale electric power generation. In wind power, have a not very serious problem. The wind is free with modern technology it can be captured efficiently. Once the wind turbines are built the energy doesnt produce pollution. Although wind turbines can be very tall each takes up only a small plot of land. This means that the land below can still be used, so that help the people to conserve and to use the extra lot for making energy source. Wind power has a disadvantage like, the strength of the wind is not constant and it varies from zero to storm, this means that wind turbines do not produce the same amount of electricity all the time.

In solar power can produce electricity when sun light strikes through the panels, so that the solar panel is renewable resources. Solar panels have a disadvantage and disadvantage. Advantage solar panels cannot produce pollution. Solar panel have a very little maintenance is required to keep solar cells running. Solar powered panels and product are typically extremely easy to install. While the disadvantage is the when night, cloudy and stormy it cannot produce electricity and the solar panels are very expensive. People in America use the solar panels to lessen their energy cost. Geothermal energy is not only used to produce electricity, but it used also in agriculture example in Tuscany, Italy, farmers have used water heated by geothermal energy for hundred of years to grow vegetable In the winter, geothermal energy used also in fishing farm, warm water spurs the growth of animal ranging from alligator, shellfish, tropical fish, amphibians to cat fish and trout. Geothermal energy has an advantage and disadvantage. Advantage of geothermal is safer to develop and use, than fossil fuel, independent of weather and geothermal power plant provide steady and predictable base power. Disadvantage of geothermal is 0-88 lbs of CO2 per megawatt hour comparatively negligible, trace amount of mercury, boron, arsenic, and antimony etc, localized depletion use outrun energy renewal, and 20% failure rat can cause significant harm to environment.