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Supervisors: Lars Dittmann - Associate Professor Henrik Christiansen - M.Sc.E.E., Ph.D. Student Co-supervisor: Sawomir Hausman - M.Sc., Ph.D.
August 2003
Abstract
Farsighted anticipation and future network planning activities are issues concerning both operators and users. The complexity of heterogeneous next generation solutions imposes serious demands for technology interoperability and openness. The status of current networks reveals problems associated with rapid traffic growth rates, demands for qualitative traffic treatment and effective network resource utilization. These challenges are addressed by Traffic Engineering (TE) practices. Analysis of TE functions points out main objectives for controllable and accountable traffic organization within the network. In this perspective there is Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) technology emerging as a promising solution for the cores. The most encouraging benefits come from separation of control and forwarding planes, which can result in enhanced scalability and flexibility. The main theme and objective of the thesis is investigation of TE potential of MPLS technology. The study exposes MPLS means of implementing TE as well as methods for providing resiliency. The subjects are presented in a broad context with research focused on MPLS internal operation, its signalling protocols, and network resiliency concerns. The MPLS TE features are verified by network model implementations and simulations performed with OPNET Modeler tool.
Acknowledgements
This Masters Thesis is developed at Research Center COM at Denmark Technical University (DTU) in collaboration with International Faculty of Engineering at Technical University of d . I would like to thank my supervisors, Lars Dittmann, Henrik Christiansen from DTU and Sawomir Hausman from Technical University of d . The thesis would not have been completed without their appreciation and trust in my capacities. I learnt a lot following an independent study approach pointed out by Lars Dittmann. I appreciate help I received from Henrik Christiansen who devoted his time to assist me in works on OPNET implementations. I would like to thank Sawomir Hausman for his support and for giving me the chance to develop the thesis abroad. I am grateful for honest and invaluable help from Maciej Maycha who provided me with good programming practices and code optimisation suggestions. I would like to thank Stuart Glasson for his support and effort to correct my English. An important acknowledgment is given to Rafa Wilkowski for his constant assistance and understanding during my studies. Finally, I sincerely thank my parents for their encouragement and support.
INDEX ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................................1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...............................................................................................................2 OVERVIEW OF THE REPORT ........................................................................................................4 FOREWORD ..................................................................................................................................7 PART I "NETWORK IDEOLOGY, TRAFFIC ENGINEERING, MPLS, RESILIENCY"..9 PART II " IMPLEMENTATION, MODELLING, SIMULATION ".119 ABBREVIATIONS..234 REFERENCES....239 APPENDICES.246
repair and the protection path requisites. To give broader context of the available approaches, recovery schemes at physical and network layers are reviewed. Finally, MPLS protection and restoration techniques are described. Example scenarios are provided to demonstrate MPLS features and their operation. Moreover, prospect proposals of MPLS innovative approaches are shortly considered.
Then, MPLS performance is evaluated by simulations relating topology factors and signalling protocols operation. Further, recovery mechanisms are modelled and simulated in terms of MPLS schemes available for providing protections for the path. The solutions are compared with regards to traffic reroute and path recovery times. Eventually, chapter 7 provides final remarks and conclusions.
At the end, lists of abbreviations and references are presented. Supplemented appendices contain additional information closing the content of the report.
Foreword
Language The report is prepared to adhere to British English spelling. Numbering and unit format Comma notation within numbers (e.g. 1,000) points out an indication of a thousand. Decimal fractions are indicated with a point (e.g. 0.5 ). Formatting remarks Formatting of the report is based on guidelines provided by dr. Sawomir Hausman. Terminology Terms used within the project are based on network standards and generally conform to IETF and ITU-T definitions. However, as the context of the project is very broad their meaning could be read in a more general context. Additional notes are provided when terms need to be explicitly described. Some definitions, when not referenced to the literature, are based on knowledge gathered from lectures and studies over last years. Many basic definitions are assumed to be apparent, and thus are omitted in the report. Reading guidelines Since the project entails large scope of topics and documentation of the work that has been done, the report is organized in the way to help readers reach areas they are interested in. The content of the report is introduces in section on Overview of the report. The project consists of two main parts: Part I and Part II that start with indices on their subjects. Chapters start with general objectives or introduction about their content and end up with summary section. Final notes and conclusions are provided at the final stage. At the end one may find list of references and abbreviations used within the report. Additionally, appendices provide supplementary section.