INTRODUCTION:

Leather is a durable and flexible material created via

the tanning of putrescible animal rawhide and skin, primarily cattle hide. It can be
produced through different manufacturing processes, ranging from cottage
industry to heavy industry.
Leather Industry in India
History of the Leather Industry in India
Leather Industry in India is a mixture of both the organized and the unorganized
sectors. About 75% of the leather output in India is generated by the small,
cottage and artisan sectors (unorganized). Leather making in India dates back to
pre-historic age. However, the modern method of leather production was
introduced to India by the English and the French in 1857. Traditionally, the
leather industry in India produces hides and skins. However, there are also the
secondary leather industries such as leather shoes, leather garments and other
leather goods such as ladies' bags, gloves, travel cases, wallets, belts and
desktops.
The leather industry occupies a place of prominence in the Indian economy in
view of its massive potential for employment, growth and exports. There has
been an increasing emphasis on its planned development, aimed at optimum
utilisation of available raw materials for maximising the returns, particularly from
exports. The exports of leather and leather products gained momentum during
the past two decades. There has been a phenomenal growth in exports from
Rs.320 million in the year 1965-66 to Rs.69558 million in 1996-97. Indian leather
industry today has attained well merited recognition in international markets
besides occupying a prominent place among the top seven foreign exchange
earners of the country.
The leather industry has undergone a dramatic transformation from a mere
exporter of raw materials in the sixties to that of value added finished products in
the nineties. Policy initiatives taken by the Government of India since 1973 have
been instrumental to such a transformation. In the wake of globalisation of Indian
economy supported with liberalised economic and trade policies since 1991, the
industry is poised for further growth to achieve greater share in the global trade.
Apart from a significant foreign exchange earner, leather industry has
tremendous potential for employment generation. Direct and indirect employment
of the industry is around 2 million. The skilled and semi-skilled workers constitute
nearly 50% of the total work force. The estimated employment in different sectors
of leather industry is as follows:

Full grain or Top grain Leather

is formed just by removing the

hair present on the epidermis of the hide. It is the most
natural form of leather, since no polishing and finishing is
done to the grain obtained. There are two methods of giving
a finished touch to full grain leather, they are aniline and
semi-aniline. In aniline finish the leather is dipped in a transparent dye that
Full grain leather is the leather that

colors the leather uniformly, without losing its natural effect. When an extra
coating is given to prevent stain, it is called semi-aniline finish. Full grain leather
is the most expensive and good quality leather. This leather, being in its most
natural form, is the most popular type of leather. It is much expensive and
comfortable
type
of
leather.
Split

Leather

made from the remaining part of the hide

after the removal of the top grain. This leather is harder and
cheaper than the full grain leather. Split leather is comparatively more
Split leather is leather

fragile and gets easily damaged, if not handled properly. Split leathers are often
used
to
produce
suede
leather.
Corrected

grain

Leather

Full grain leather, polished to remove or correct the

scratches present on the grain is referred to, as corrected
grain. The hides used in the corrected grain leather are of inferior quality. Semianiline and pigmented can be the two types of finishing techniques used for
corrected grain leather. Most of the time, pigmented leather is preferred as it is
better
at
correcting
the
scratches.
Nubuck/Buffed/Suede Leather

It is formed by splitting the layer between the grain and the

hide. The surface of this leather is buffed to create a soft layer. It is cheaper as
compared to full grain leather. However, it is fragile in nature, as it quickly gets
damaged, when it comes in contact with any liquid. Suede is not a good option to

be used for upholstery. The surface of this type of leather has a velvet like
feeling.
Bicast or Coated Leather
It is a synthetic type of split leather, that is made by applying a layer of
polyurethane to the surface. This leather is more durable as compared to other
types of leathers. Initially, this type of leather was used only in the shoe industry,
but these days, because of its high durability and economic price, it is also used
for upholstery in commercial places like bars.
Faux Leather

It is man-made leather, and is durable because of the

synthetic materials used. It is widely used in commercial places for the
furniture, because it is the cheapest type of leather and does not get damaged
soon, and looks like original leather.
All the different types of leather have their own characteristic look, feel and thus,
are used for different purposes. Leather has always been in fashion as it looks
classic and is durable.

Leather Characteristics and Care

Leather brings prestige to any interior with its special feel and aroma. In an
economy where the consumer wants
the most for his or her dollar, leather delivers superior value. It is important that
your customer appreciate its
virtues and value.
Longevity: With continuous use, leather upholstery outlasts fabric at least 4-to1, and unlike

fabric, leather
improves with age. Leather is also resilient and resists
fading, tearing and cracking. Since fabrics are woven, any
change in appearance from age and use detracts from their beauty. Leather, on
the other hand, adjusts to its
environment. It mellows gracefully with age and develops a .patina..
Unique Style: Leather is always in style. Surface features testify to the

authenticity of natural leather. Variations

across a hide . density of grain, creases and folds . are distinctive characteristics
much like the grain of fine wood.
Leather is not like a bolt of cloth. On a sofa, five hides may be utilized which will
blend and complement, but will
never be identical. Leather is available in many price ranges and styles to suit all
budgets and decors.
Worry-free Maintenance: Leather is a very practical material. Because leather
is a natural material and has been
preserved in the tanning process, it requires very little maintenance to keep it
supple, clean and comfortable. Stains
caused by food or drink can be removed from finished leathers with ease. In fact,
many spills quickly bead up and
can be absorbed or wiped away.
Temperature Control: Leather will breathe for comfort and ventilate to adjust to
the environment.
Durability: Leather is the most durable upholstered material and its extremely
strong texture makes it difficult to
scratch or scuff. Leather won.t stretch out of shape.
Health Benefits: Leather is lint and dust-free, making it ideal for sufferers of
asthma and other allergies. Dust
mites can grow wherever skin flakes can be found and it is for this reason that
allergy experts recommend leather
furniture for its ability to resist dust collection and can be easily wiped clean.
Leather is fire resistant and emits no
toxic fumes even when exposed to intense heat.
Care & Maintenance: Vacuum the piece now and then or wipe it off with a damp
cloth. Do not place the
furniture in direct sunlight and avoid placing it against a warm radiator or register.
Stains that are water-soluble can
be dabbed lightly and absorbed with a clean natural sponge or paper towel. Use
cool water and mild soap such as
Ivory if cleaning is required. Do not rub. A grease stain such as butter can be left
alone after the surplus has been
wiped off with a dry cloth. The grease will eventually vanish into the leather.
Never attempt to use chemical spot
cleaners. For severe stains or damage, consult a leather repair specialist.

Industry Volume: Turnover- Rs 25000 crores

Import: US$ 137 billion (2008)
Exports: US$ 7 billion (2009-10)
Top leather companies in India:
A V Thomas Leather and Allied Products Limited

Bhartiya International Limited

Chemcrown Exports Limited

Acknit Industries Limited

BPS Industries Limited
Crew BOS Industries limited

INTERNATIONAL ORG
No.1} The Society of Master Saddlers Ltd.
BETA. British Equestrian Trade Association
BLC. British Leather Council
BLC. Leather Technology Centre
Association of Master Upholsterers & Soft Furnishers.

Types of Intermediaries: Merchant,

Manufacturers, Agent, Brokers, Value added
resellers (VARs), Market makers.
Geographical spread: Tamilnadu- Chennai

(Ambur, Ranipet, Vaniyaambadi), West

Bengal- Kolkata, UP- Kanpur, Agra & Noida,
Maharashtra- Mumbai, Punjab- Jalandhar,
Karnataka- Bangalore, Andhra PradeshHyderabad, Haryana- Ambala, Gurgan.
Panchkula & Karnal
Key Players: Avon Elastomers India - Agra,
Madhav International - Delhi, Saboo Costpin
Pvt. Ltd. - Kolkata, Prakash LeatherMumbai, Creative India- Kanpur

Types of Associations:
Exporters Association, Manufacturer
Association, Traders Association, Importers
Association, Service Associations,
Employees Associations.
Council for Leather Export- New Delhi,
Mumbai
Indian Leather Inds.- Kolkata
AISHTMA (All India hide and leather tanners
and merchant association)- Periamet
The Karnataka hides & skins merchantsBangalore

Major Associations: USHSLAThe United

States Hide, Skin and Leather Association
(USHSLA) , AHSLEA(AUSTRALIAN HIDE, SKIN &

LEATHER EXPORTERS ASSOCIATION LTD),

National Leather
Association.
Tie-ups: Move-on Shoes with Tata
International Ltd
0 Takeover
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Rs.50

23 May
2011

Move-on Shoes

Tata International Ltd.

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00000f000e0000000000040000002701ffff030000000000Takeover Rs.5020 Jan
2011Luminaire Technologies Ltd.Vandana Cloth Centre Pvt. Ltd.

Clarks Future Footwear Ltd. With

Future Ventures India Ltd (31st aug 2011)

Distribution related problems:

Lack of warehousing support from the
government
Unawareness of international standards by
many players
Huge labor resulting in high labor charges
International price fluctuations

Government Support:

Up-gradation and modernization by providing

financial assistance
IDLS scheme, started in 2002 & will be
continued till 2012
Rs 290 crores for this project of
IDLS(Integrated Development of Leather
Sector ) and will be implemented through two
PIU(programme implementation unit),
namely CLRI (central leather research
institute )and FDDI

Prospects for distribution:

Among the three major exporting nations of
leather garments, India maintains a similar

level of market share of about 20%, India's

share in world imports of leather garments is
6%, Use of e-commerce in direct marketing.