Chemistry Review Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers

the question. ____ 1. What are the building blocks of all matter? a. forces b. atoms c. d. magnetic fields kinetic and potential energy

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2. Which of the following conversion factors would you use to change 18 kilometers to meters? a. 1000 m/1 km c. 100 m/1 km b. 1 km/1000 m d. 1 km/100 m 3. What are 6 centimeters equal to? a. 600 meters b. of a millimeter

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c. d.

60 millimeters 600 millimeters

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4.

A substance that is made up of only one kind of atom is a(an) a. compound. c. element. b. homogeneous mixture. d. solution.

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5. What is the symbol for aluminum? a. AL b. Al 6. The symbol for gold is a. Au. b. Al.

c. d.

Au A

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c. d.

Gl. Go.

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7. If a material contains three elements joined in a fixed proportion, it is a(an) a. mixture. c. atom. b. solution. d. compound. 8. Water is a compound because it a. can be broken down into simpler substances. b. always has two hydrogen atoms for each oxygen atom. c. is made of water atoms joined together. d. both a and b 9. Which of the following is malleable? a. glass b. pottery 10. Which of the following has the highest viscosity? a. corn syrup b. milk

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c. d.

ice gold

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c. d.

water orange juice

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11. A substance has a melting point of 0C and a boiling point of 100C. The substance is most likely a. water. c. gold. b. hydrogen. d. table salt. 12. When a physical change in a sample occurs, which of the following does NOT change? a. shape c. volume b. temperature d. composition 13. A substance that has high reactivity a. easily combines chemically with other substances. b. burns in the presence of water. c. displaces dissolved oxygen. d. has a high boiling point. 14. Which of the following is NOT a clue that a chemical change has occurred? a. change in color c. formation of a precipitate b. production of a gas d. change in shape 15. Which of the following is a chemical change? a. ice melting b. ice being carved c. water boiling d. water breaking down into hydrogen and oxygen 16. The Greek philosopher Democritus coined what word for a tiny piece of matter that cannot be divided? a. element c. electron b. atom d. molecule 17. If 2 grams of element X combine with 4 grams of element Y to form compound XY, how many grams of element Y would combine with 14 grams of X to form the same compound? a. 7 grams c. 21 grams b. 14 grams d. 28 grams 18. Which of the following is NOT part of John Daltons atomic theory? a. All elements are composed of atoms. b. All atoms of the same element have the same mass. c. Atoms contain subatomic particles. d. A compound contains atoms of more than one element. 19. J. J. Thomsons experiments provided evidence that an atom a. is the smallest particle of matter. b. contains negatively charged particles. c. has a negative charge. d. has a positive charge.

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Figure 4-1 ____ 20. The diagram in Figure 4-1 shows the results of Rutherfords gold foil experiment. What caused some of the alpha particles to bounce straight back from the gold foil? a. electrons in the gold atoms c. other alpha particles b. negative charges in the gold atoms d. nuclei in the gold atoms 21. Who provided evidence for the existence of a nucleus in an atom? a. John Dalton c. Democritus b. J. J. Thomson d. Ernest Rutherford 22. Which subatomic particle has a negative charge? a. electron b. alpha particle

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c. d.

neutron proton

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23. Which of the following is unique for any given element? a. the number of neutrons c. the number of protons b. the charge on the electrons d. the mass of a neutron 24. The number of protons in one atom of an element is that elements a. mass number. c. atomic number. b. balanced charge. d. isotope. 25. What can you assume has happened if an electron moves to a higher energy level? a. The atom has become more stable. c. The electron has gained energy. b. The electron has lost energy. d. The atom has lost an electron. 26. Mendeleev arranged the known chemical elements in a table according to increasing a. atomic number. c. number of protons. b. number of electrons. d. mass. 27. In a periodic table, a set of properties repeats from a. element to element. c. b. group to group. d.

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column to column. row to row.

Figure 5-1 ____ 28. Figure 5-1 shows a portion of a blank periodic table. Identify the segments labeled A and B. a. A and B are both periods. c. A and B are both groups. b. A is a period and B is a group. d. A is a group and B is a period. 29. Moving from left to right across a row of the periodic table, which of the following values increases by exactly one from element to element? a. isotope number c. atomic mass unit b. atomic number d. mass number 30. The atomic mass of an element is a. the sum of the protons and neutrons in one atom of the element. b. twice the number of protons in one atom of the element. c. a ratio based on the mass of a carbon-12 atom. d. a weighted average of the masses of an elements isotopes. 31. The unit for atomic mass is a. gram b. amu 32. Group 7A of the periodic table contains the a. most reactive nonmetals. b. most reactive metals.

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c. d.

pound none of the above

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c. d.

least reactive nonmetals. least reactive metals.

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33. Compared with Group 2A elements, Group 6A elements have a. more atoms in the ground state. c. more isotopes. b. more valence electrons. d. fewer valence electrons. 34. The tendency of an element to react is closely related to a. its atomic mass. b. attractions between its atoms. c. the number of valence electrons in atoms of the element. d. the ratio of protons to neutrons in atoms of the element. 35. Which halogen is most likely to react? a. Br (bromine) b. F (fluorine)

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c. d.

I (iodine) Cl (chlorine)

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36. To keep them from reacting, some highly reactive elements are stored in a. water. c. liquid mercury. b. pure oxygen. d. argon. 37. Typically, atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a. an exchange of energy. b. ionization. c. a stable electron configuration. d. vaporization. 38. In an electron dot diagram, the symbol for an element is used to represent a. the nucleus. b. the nucleus and all electrons. c. the nucleus and valence electrons. d. the nucleus and all non-valence electrons. 39. Ionization energies tend to a. decrease from left to right across a period. b. increase from the top of a group to the bottom. c. increase from left to right across a period. d. decrease from the bottom of a group to the top. 40. The formation of an ionic bond involves the a. transfer of electrons. b. transfer of neutrons.

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c. d.

transfer of protons. sharing of electrons.

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41. Which of the following formulas represents a compound whose molecules contain a triple bond? a. N N c. O3 b. O= O= d. SO3 42. In the name carbon dioxide, the prefix of the second word indicates that a molecule of carbon dioxide contains a. two carbon atoms. c. a polyatomic ion. b. two oxygen atoms. d. an ionic bond. 43. The substances that undergo change in a chemical reaction are called a. reactants. c. coefficients. b. products. d. elements. 44. Which of the following is a chemical equation that accurately represents what happens when sulfur and oxygen react to form sulfur trioxide? a. Sulfur and oxygen react to form sulfur trioxide. b. S and O2 produce SO3. c. S + O2 SO3 d. 2S + 3O2 2SO3 45. Which of the following is a balanced chemical equation for the synthesis of NaBr from Na and Br2? a. Na + Br2 NaBr b. 2Na + Br2 NaBr

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c. d. ____

Na + Br2 2NaBr 2Na + Br2 2NaBr

46. Methane, CH4, burns in oxygen gas to form water and carbon dioxide. What is the correct balanced chemical equation for this reaction? a. CH4 + O H2O + CO2 b. CH4 + 4O 2H2O + CO2 c. CH4 + O2 H2O + CO2 d. CH4 + 2O2 2H2O + CO2 47. How many atoms are present in 3 moles of chromium? a. 6.02 1023 atoms c. 1.80 1024 atoms b. 1.80 1023 atoms d. 52.0 atoms 48. How many grams of CO2 are in 2.1 mol of the compound? a. 21.0 g c. 66.0 g b. 44.0 g d. 92.4 g 49. How many moles of He are in 16 g of the element? a. 1.0 mol c. b. 4.0 mol d.

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8.0 mol 16 mol

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50. The coefficients in a balanced chemical equation always can express the ratio of a. moles of reactants and products. b. volume of reactants and products. c. atoms of reactants and products. d. mass of reactants and products. 51. In a chemical reaction, an iron atom became the ion Fe2+. What happened to the iron atom? a. It lost electrons and was oxidized. b. It lost electrons and was reduced. c. It gained electrons and was oxidized. d. It gained electrons and was reduced.

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Completion Complete each sentence or statement. 52. Rust forms because iron and oxygen are highly ____________________ elements. 53. John Dalton observed that elements always combine in the same ratio to form a particular ____________________. 54. The subatomic particle that J. J. Thomson discovered has a(an) ____________________ charge. 55. Protons and ____________________ are found in the nucleus of an atom. 56. Neutrons and ____________________ have almost the same mass. 57. When an atom gains or loses energy, some of its ____________________ may move between energy levels. 58. The region in which an electron is most likely to be found is called a(an) ____________________.

59. When all the electrons in an atom are in orbitals with the lowest possible energy, the atom is in its ____________________ state. 60. An atom in which an electron has moved to a higher energy level is in a(an) ____________________ state. 61. In general, a(an) ____________________ metal will be more reactive than an alkaline earth metal in the same period. 62. In an electron dot diagram, each dot represents a(an) ____________________. 63. The chemical formula for calcium chloride, CaCl2, shows that the compound contains two ____________________ ions for every ____________________ ion. 64. In ionic compounds, the sum of the charges of all the cations and anions must be ____________________. 65. The molar mass of carbon is ____________________. 66. A sample of NaCl contains 188 g of the compound. The sample contains ____________________ moles of NaCl. 67. The element ____________________ is always present in a combustion reaction. 68. In a double-replacement reaction, there are two reactants and ____________________ product(s). Short Answer 69. What is a hypothesis? 70. What is viscosity? 71. What are three common clues that a chemical change has occurred? 72. If an atom has 34 protons and 40 neutrons, what is its mass number? 73. If an atom of tin has a mass number of 118 and an atomic number of 50, how many neutrons are in its nucleus? 74. In a periodic table that included electron dot diagrams, in which column would the diagrams contain more dots Group 2A (the alkaline metals) or Group 6A (the oxygen family)? 75. In an electron dot diagram of potassium, there is one dot. In an electron dot diagram of silicon, there are four dots. Which element would you expect to be more reactive? 76. A student balanced the chemical equation Mg + O2 MgO by writing Mg + O2 MgO2. Was the equation balanced correctly? Explain your answer. If the equation was not balanced correctly, write the correctly balanced equation. 77. How many moles of nitrogen are contained in 4.20 1024 atoms of nitrogen? 78. How many grams of O2 are in 5.0 mol of the element? Problem 79. Balance the following chemical equation. Cu + HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + NO2 + H2O 80. When iron metal reacts with oxygen, the reaction can form Fe2O3. Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction, and find the number of moles of oxygen that are needed to form 6 mol of Fe2O3. Essay

81. A sample of calcium contains calcium-40, calcium-44, calcium-42, calcium-48, calcium-43, and calcium-46 atoms. Explain why these atoms can have different mass numbers but must have the same atomic number. Other USING SCIENCE SKILLS

Figure 1-2 82. Analyzing Data What is the slope of the line shown in Figure 1-2? 83. Analyzing Data In Figure 1-2, what is the relationship between mass and volume? 84. Using Tables and Graphs In Figure 1-2, what quantity does the slope represent? USING SCIENCE SKILLS

Figure 5-2 85. Using Tables and Graphs Which of the elements shown in Figure 5-2 are in the same period? 86. Classifying Which element in Figure 5-2 is a transition metal? Which is a noble gas?

87. Using Tables and Graphs Which elements in Figure 5-2 have the same number of valence electrons? How do you know? 88. Comparing and Contrasting Based on what you know about elements and the periodic table, compare and contrast the elements beryllium, Be, and iodine, I, which are shown in Figure 5-2. 89. Inferring Find the block labeled ? in Figure 5-2. What is its atomic number? How many valence electrons does it have? Which of the elements shown in Figure 5-2 will it most resemble?

Figure 5-3 90. Inferring Identify the most reactive element shown in Figure 5-3. Explain your answer. USING SCIENCE SKILLS

Figure 6-2 91. Using Tables and Graphs Write a description to place in box (2) in Figure 6-2. 92. Using Tables and Graphs What compound name belongs in box (1) in Figure 6-2? 93. Classifying What type of bond belongs in box (3) in Figure 6-2? 94. Classifying What type of bond belongs in box (4) in Figure 6-2? Substances A potassium, K, and Compound KI Remarks Iodine is a member of the halogen group;

iodine, I B C carbon, C, and oxygen, O Al, O, and H CO2 Al(OH)3

potassium is an alkali metal. Carbon and oxygen are both nonmetals. OH- (hydroxide) is a polyatomic ion. Figure 6-3

95. Applying Concepts How does the saying Opposites attract apply to the bonding in the compound shown in row A of Figure 6-3? 96. Comparing and Contrasting What kind of bond forms between the elements in row B of Figure 6-3? How is this type of bond different from the type of bond that forms between the elements in row A?

Chemistry Review Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: B 2. ANS: A 3. ANS: C 4. ANS: C 5. ANS: B 6. ANS: A 7. ANS: D 8. ANS: D 9. ANS: D 10. ANS: A 11. ANS: A 12. ANS: D 13. ANS: A 14. ANS: D 15. ANS: D 16. ANS: B 17. ANS: D 18. ANS: C 19. ANS: B 20. ANS: D 21. ANS: D 22. ANS: A 23. ANS: C 24. ANS: C 25. ANS: C 26. ANS: D 27. ANS: D

28. ANS: B 29. ANS: B 30. ANS: D 31. ANS: B 32. ANS: A 33. ANS: B 34. ANS: C 35. ANS: B 36. ANS: D 37. ANS: C 38. ANS: D 39. ANS: C 40. ANS: A 41. ANS: A 42. ANS: B 43. ANS: A 44. ANS: D 45. ANS: D 46. ANS: D 47. ANS: C 48. ANS: D 49. ANS: B 50. ANS: A 51. ANS: A COMPLETION 52. ANS: reactive 53. ANS: compound 54. ANS: negative 55. ANS: neutrons

56. ANS: protons 57. ANS: electrons 58. ANS: orbital 59. ANS: ground 60. ANS: excited 61. ANS: alkali 62. ANS: valence electron 63. ANS: chloride, calcium 64. ANS: zero 65. ANS: 12.0 g/mol 66. ANS: 3.2 67. ANS: oxygen 68. ANS: two SHORT ANSWER 69. ANS: a proposed answer to a question 70. ANS: Viscosity is the tendency of a liquid to keep from flowing, or its resistance to flowing. 71. ANS: a change in color, the production of a gas, and the formation of a precipitate 72. ANS: 74 73. ANS: 68 74. ANS: Group 6A, the oxygen family 75. ANS: potassium 76. ANS: The equation was not balanced correctly because it was balanced by changing a subscript instead of changing coefficients. The correctly balanced equation is 2Mg + O2 2MgO. 77. ANS: 6.98 mol 78. ANS:

The molar mass of O2 is 16 g/mol, so 5.0 mol of O2 have a mass of 80 g. PROBLEM 79. ANS: Cu + 4HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O 80. ANS: 4Fe + 3O2 2Fe2O3; 9 mol O2 ESSAY 81. ANS: All the atoms of an element have the same atomic number because the atomic number equals the number of protons in an atom. If one of the atoms had a different number of protons, the atom would not be a calcium atom. The mass number can vary because it is the sum of the protons and neutrons, and isotopes of an element can have different numbers of neutrons. OTHER 82. ANS: 8.8 g/cm3 83. ANS: a direct proportion 84. ANS: the density of the fluid 85. ANS: Be, C, N, and F 86. ANS: V; He 87. ANS: F and I; they are in the same group in the periodic table. 88. ANS: Beryllium is a reactive metal with two valence electrons. Iodine is a highly reactive nonmetal with seven valence electrons. 89. ANS: 12; 2; beryllium 90. ANS: Rb is the most reactive element shown. Group 1A alkali metals are the most reactive metals, and the reactivity of elements in Group 1A increases from top to bottom. 91. ANS: The atoms of a metal lose one or more valence electrons and form cations. The atoms of a nonmetal gain one or more electrons and form anions. There is an attraction between the oppositely charged ions. 92. ANS: sodium chloride 93. ANS: covalent

94. ANS: metallic 95. ANS: Potassium is a highly reactive metal with one valence electron. Iodine is a highly reactive nonmetal with seven valence electrons. When electrons are transferred from potassium atoms to iodine atoms, there is an attraction between the oppositely charged ions that form. Thus, opposites do attract in an ionic bond. 96. ANS: Covalent bonds form between the nonmetals carbon and oxygen. In a covalent bond, atoms share electrons. When potassium and iodine react, electrons are transferred from potassium atoms to iodine atoms. Ionic bonds form between potassium cations and iodide anions. There is no sharing of electrons in an ionic bond.