DVI-Dissertation

Running head: DVI

ISSERTATION TITELE Identification work in Thailand and the Form Yugoslavia: DVI the answer to natural disasters and war? This dissertation is a literature report.

[Student name] [University name]

DVI-Dissertation

Table of Contents
Table of Contents....................................................................................................... 2 Disaster victim identification .....................................................................................3 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 3 Mass fatality incidents ............................................................................................3 Open and closed incidents .....................................................................................4 DVI role and responsibility ......................................................................................5 Procurator fiscal .................................................................................................. 5 Coordination groups ............................................................................................5 Coroner ...............................................................................................................6 Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 7 References .............................................................................................................8 Chapter-2..................................................................................................................10 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 11 Medico Legal death investigation .........................................................................11 Chapter 3 ................................................................................................................. 19 References ...........................................................................................................24 Chapter-4..................................................................................................................26 Identification work analysis .....................................................................................26 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 27 DVI system analysis ............................................................................................27 Critical Analysis of Thailand DVI.........................................................................27 Critical analysis of Yugoslavia............................................................................29 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 31

DVI-Dissertation

Disaster victim identification Introduction

Disaster victim identification is widely accepted terminology to describe all appended procedures for identifying and recovering deceased human beings. DVI procedure is hereby subjected under international agreement through Interpol. However, disaster victim identification procedures used to be altered for some specific reason. On each year, thousands of people died as of mass fatality incidents. DVI principles are always found in close relationship with humanity laws. DVI has become essential in such suburbs, where people are living under immense threatening conditions. Henceforth, the major aims of disaster victim identifications include response to major incidents, chances of recovery, reconciliation, disaster identification, repatriate the decreased, and human safety. Police used to be mobilized to rescue masses as if some emergency occurs. However, police department can quickly recover people to save their lives. Different teams used to be organized to handle such nasty circumstances. Police head servicemen are felt obligatory to prepare contingency plans to handle emergency situation in better way. Governments never want their servicemen to work lesser in the favor of public. Thereby, assistant police officer is assigned with duty task to evaluate whether police department has certain capacity to appropriately handle disaster victimization or not. These guidelines have been framed under the light of legal laws. Hereby, these important issues have been given in civil contingencies act 2004 (CCA), the civil contingencies act 2004 (contingency planning), regulations 2005, the statutory guidance HM government (2005 emergency preparedness. In addition, ACPO 2009 act on emergency procures and ACPOS on casualty bureau has their immense importance in DVI. (The radiation (Emergency preparedness and public information) regulations (2001) In this chapter, the author of study is keen to discuss disaster victim identification whole mechanism. He wants to put loads of light on the subject with the reference of laws. Hence, he wants to highlight the functionality of responsible for DVI. The author of study wants to discuss all prevailing issues of DVI with respect to Thailand and Yugoslavia. He doesnt want to take disaster in narrow version, which restricts it until natural disaster. He wants to discuss disaster in broader sense. However, disaster caused by nature or war would be discussed within this chapter.

Mass fatality incidents

Mass fatality incidents often occur in the response of natural disasters, where individual capabilities seem less effective. Human beings can mitigate the vulnerabilities, not fully shield them. However, disaster victim identification helps out responsible individuals to take good care of masses before the commencement of any dexterous incidents. Environmentalists have certain recommendations to employ the simplest procedure available to manage natural uncertainties. They can alert to people, but not to help them out to face environmental miseries. In

DVI-Dissertation Thailand, fatality incident management is considered join efforts of procurator fiscal and chief executive of the relevant local authority. (Seth Mydans (2011) Mass fatality decision used to be affected by couple of factors including potential threats, magnitude of natural disaster, incident causes, explosion material formulation, and mortuary capacity. DVI team must at least capable of evaluating the root cause of disaster. They must have complete understanding to make distinguish between natural disaster and terrorist activity. Henceforth, terrorist activities have been police matter. Once decision is to be taken then mass fatality group would be formulated to handle all correspond.

Open and closed incidents

Disaster victim identification is possible as by knowing the framework of incidents. It helps administrative staff to investigate the root cause of disasters. As far as open incidents are concerned, these are basically large scale incidents, where victimize individuals exact number is not practically possible to know. For instance, open situation refers to natural disaster. In few years back tsunami flooded many thousands people to wipe out them from the surface of earth. Such incidents have been categorized as open incidents. On other hand, world wars surround individuals in such crucial situations. Many thousands used to be killed by troops. Disaster victim identification conceptual framework can be helpful until the war is ended. (Adams, Bradley J. and Byrd john E (2008) Close incident is that, where all provisional number and details of dead victim can be easily obtained. Close incidents are easy to investigate for authorities. Natural disasters dont come up with minimal consequences or occur within controlled environment. Terrorist activities used to commensurate in close setting, where details prejudice arent bigger issue. These days, mass fatality incident used to be comprised of close and open incidents. This is complicated situation for disaster identifiers. Thailand capital had the worst flood in the century. Environmental experts had declared it a lunatic human activity for turning an unusually heavy monsoon season into complete disaster. However, industrial zone of Bangkok was adversely affected by disaster. Many thousands people have to quit out of their homes to save their lives. Many experts shared their significant opinion on this uncertain flood. Human activity horrendously affected to natural waterways, damming, overbuilding in catchment areas. Administrative staff couldnt plan accordingly for urban sprawl, warning systems, and social responsibilities to keep tunnel clean. Disaster victim identification principles categorize this incident into open incident; nobody knows the exact number of decreased. For future safety, 45 miles had been reportedly laid in between to restrain water flow. Henceforth, new flood drainage canals and flood barriers were built to protect future uncertainties. (Seth Mydans (2011)

DVI-Dissertation Humanitarian disaster was given existence as by 10 week continuous bombing of NATO. However, Yugoslavia has been presenting the view of human miseries. Thousands of people were brutally killed in such toxic bombardment of air jets, where millions have been displaced in response to warfare activity. World health organization reported it to be looming with continuous respiratory and pneumonia problems. World health organization teams seriously raise their concerns regarding the safety of masses, where clinics were completely destroyed. People didnt have food to eat and place to live. (Cabinet office (2011) Hereby, survivors of bombing had urgency of getting appropriate food and clinical services. The author of study would not categorize this 10 week bombing into close category. Nobody knows the exact number count of people decreased in mean while of bombardment. On other hand, unemployment rate has been largely affected inside war zone. Thereby, majority of people couldnt afford their livelihood since the bombardment. People had no position to plough agricultural corps to feed them. They had landmine problem, which had taken many hundreds lives. It was horrific even more than natural disaster. People can bear the consequences of natural disaster, but they dont endure human brutality. (Jerry White (1999)

DVI role and responsibility

Hereunder, the author of study would highlight the roles and responsibilities of DVI during investigation. Disaster victim identification is not an ordinary task; it requires buckling efforts of investigative authorities. The author of study would thoroughly discuss the role of each individual under the laws jurisdictions.

Procurator fiscal
Procurator fiscal is qualified lawyers, who used to be appointed by mutual decision of crown office and procurator fiscal service. Procurator fiscal officer has some special set of authorities. These officers are considered responsible to investigate the circumstances and causes of death. These officers may command to concerning departments for post mortem examination. (Adams, Bradley J. and Byrd john E (2008) Procurator fiscal is asked to run judiciary inquiry on fatal accidents. Under warfare conditions, officer makes policies lenient towards people. They dont need of special permission in such situations. In Thailand, procurator fiscal didnt have any significant role while Yugoslavian bombardment needs his services.

Coordination groups
The core purpose of this group is to coordinate all aspects of the DVI process with procurator fiscal, gold commander and coroner. This coordination group is felt responsible to deal with tactical operational issues of DVI process. Hence, member of coordination group includes senior identification manager, supervising or lead pathologist, police mortuary operations coordinator, casualty bureau manager, procurator fiscal, finance manager, family liaison coordinator, human tissue

DVI-Dissertation authority, and survivor reception center manager. (Adams, Bradley J. and Byrd john E (2008) Coordination group gather official interlinked with each other into some official link. This forum gives them privileges to share information. Coordination groups are good enough to enhance reporting relationships terms within individuals. Bangkok is hub for controlling Asian economies. United nation earns its all commission from this territory. United nation has made its system complex inside Thailand. Income generation procedure inside Thailand is a bit bigger than rest of Asian countries. However, Thailand is given into the hands of worldwide institutions. DVI international teams are more operative within Thailand. On other hand, law enforcement cooperation program is playing vital role within Thailand to deal with transnational crime. DVI initiatives needs significant funds transfer. On other hand, Thailand laws permit international agencies to strengthen their capabilities to enhance DVI initiatives. This is somehow practically possible with the help of educational training and equipment. Furthermore, Thailand alert system should be quick responsive. Experts should not make excessive delays to pass information on disasters. On other hand, coordination group of Thailand must foster closer personal and institutional linkages with international agencies. (Civil contingencies act (contingency planning) regulation (2005) Yugoslavia has no apparent implication of such group settings. United nation is looking in its case. People have suffered a lot in the result of bombardment. Regime doesnt sustain the importance of role of laws within the state. People have been living helpless under open sky. Disaster victim identification teams have calculated forthcoming disaster of people health. People have been living pathetic life inside Yugoslavia. Hence, this regional jurisdiction has been adversely attacked for two different times. NATO bombardment snatched privileges from regime to govern people on modernize social welfare and legal trends. Health disaster has followed to bombardment or warfare disaster. Eventually, people have been spending miserable lives. (Seth Mydans (2011)

Coroner
He is autonomous official, whose job is to secure local areas with the funds of local authorities. In some areas of world, coroners are not appointed. Their work is done by procurator fiscals. Section 8 of the coroners act 1988 clearly defines the role of a coroner. Eventually, coroner has legal authorization in its hands whether to seal lips on any death or to issue warrant for suspects. He is supposed to undertake these methods in the cases if unnatural death is noticed, unknown sudden death, and death happened in incarceration. Coroner have to, however, be responsible in the identification of decreased individual. Coroner could advice police department to remove decreased body to cold houses. In addition, coroner is also supposed obligator to look after for toxicology and odontology. Coroners have responsibility on their shoulders to train individual in the context of DVI. (Cabinet office (2011)

DVI-Dissertation At Thailand, coroner has to do same important functions as defined under international laws. Coroner has legal authorization in its hands whether to seal lips on any death or to issue warrant for suspects. He is supposed to undertake these methods in the cases if unnatural death is noticed, unknown sudden death, and death happened in incarceration. Coroner have to, however, be responsible in the identification of decreased individual. Coroner could advice police department to remove decreased body to cold houses. In emergency situations, coroner is supposed responsible in the provision of evidences regarding body. For instance, Bangkok flood water took many thousands lives, and coroners never acknowledge anybodys death until unless he receives significant proves of death. In case if some dies out station even in such conditions coroner would be felt responsible for body under legal jurisdiction. * Civil contingencies act (contingency planning) regulation (2005) In Yugoslavia, coroner has same functions as in Thailand. NATO bombardment severely disturb to coroner working. Eventually, he couldnt completely perform some its functions. In war situation, departmental working is totally affected. Thousands of people were brutally killed in such toxic bombardment of air jets, where millions have been displaced in response to warfare activity. World health organization reported it to be looming with continuous respiratory and pneumonia problems. World health organization teams seriously raise their concerns regarding the safety of masses, where clinics were completely destroyed. People didnt have food to eat and place to live. Hereby, survivors of bombing had urgency of getting appropriate food and clinical services. The author of study would not categorize this 10 week bombing into close category. Nobody knows the exact number count of people decreased in mean while of bombardment.

Conclusion
The author of study has covered disaster victim identification in this particular chapter. DVI procedure is hereby subjected under international agreement through Interpol. However, disaster victim identification procedures used to be altered for some specific reason. On each year, thousands of people died as of mass fatality incidents. DVI principles are always found in close relationship with humanity laws. DVI has become essential in such suburbs, where people are living under immense threatening conditions. The author of study has discussed roles and responsibilities of DVI in the context of legal jurisdiction. Disaster victim identification is not an ordinary task; it requires buckling efforts of investigative authorities. The author of study has thoroughly discussed the role of each individual under the laws jurisdictions. Henceforth, the role of key individuals has been discussed under laws. Disaster victim identification is possible as by knowing the framework of incidents. It helps administrative staff to investigate the root cause of disasters. As far as open incidents are concerned, these are basically large scale incidents, where victimize

DVI-Dissertation individuals exact number is not practically possible to know. For instance, open situation refers to natural disaster. In few years back tsunami flooded many thousands people to wipe out them from the surface of earth. Such incidents have been categorized as open incidents. On other hand, world wars surround individuals in such crucial situations. Many thousands used to be killed by troops. Disaster victim identification conceptual framework can be helpful until the war is ended. Close incident is that, where all provisional number and details of dead victim can be easily obtained. Close incidents are easy to investigate for authorities. Natural disasters dont come up with minimal consequences or occur within controlled environment. Terrorist activities used to commensurate in close setting, where details prejudice arent bigger issue. These days, mass fatality incident used to be comprised of close and open incidents. This is complicated situation for disaster identifiers. (The radiation (Emergency preparedness and public information) regulations (2001) The author of study has discussed about mass fatality incidents. Mass fatality incidents often occur in the response of natural disasters, where individual capabilities seem less effective. Human beings can mitigate the vulnerabilities, not fully shield them. However, disaster victim identification helps out responsible individuals to take good care of masses before the commencement of any dexterous incidents. Environmentalists have certain recommendations to employ the simplest procedure available to manage natural uncertainties. They can alert to people, but not to help them out to face environmental miseries. In Thailand, fatality incident management is considered join efforts of procurator fiscal and chief executive of the relevant local authority.

References
Adams, Bradley J. and Byrd john E (2008) Recovery analysis and identification of comingled human remains, Totowa, new jersey humana press, aeronautical rescue coordination center. Cabinet office (2011) National recovery guidance-Generic issues coroners inquests from http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/content/national-recovery-guidance-genericissues-coroners-inquests [21/12/2011] Civil contingencies act (contingency planning) regulation (2005) statutory instrument no.2042 London TSO. Government office for London (2011) London Mass fatality plan version-3, from http://www.londonprepared.gov.uk/downloads/LMFPMainBodyV3.pdf [21/12/2011]

DVI-Dissertation Home office (2007) counter terrorism contingency planning guidance, London home office, available at home office for security and counter terrorism. Jerry White (1999) UN relief agencies warn of humanitarian disaster in Yugoslavia international committee of the fourth international publication, ed.1, from http://www.wsws.org/articles/1999/jun1999/yugo-j05.shtml [21/12/2011] Seth Mydans (2011) As Thailand floods spread, experts blame official, not rains New York times, from http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/14/world/asia/a-naturaldisaster-in-thailand-guided-by-human-hand.html [21/12/2011] The radiation (Emergency preparedness and public information) regulations (2001) statutory instrument no. 2975, London TSD.

DVI-Dissertation

Chapter-2
Identification work in former Yugoslavia

DVI-Dissertation

Introduction
Yugoslavian land had seen the worst brutal violation against its territorial jurisdiction. Eventually, its land was separated into Croatia, Bosnia, Kosovo, and Herzegovina. Yugoslavia had presented the furious battleground sceneries right after world war two. Massive bloodshed of human beings was seen inside Yugoslavia. In this chapter, the author of study is keep to put glance on the identification of work in Yugoslavia. Anecdotally, disaster management techniques would be looked for quality improvement in Yugoslavia. Yugoslavia war had been fought during 1990 to 1995 on ethnic clashes. Eventually, international institutions have to put them in between conflicting bodies to empower each one with new sovereign territories. This was the massive genocide attempt of ethnic tyrants. However, many of activists were alleged with war crime. United nation high officials place first brick of the international criminal tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. International center for transitional justice department has reported total death of 140,000 people during war crime. Many countries filled their pockets by exporting weapons to these ethnic gangs. In this chapter, the author of study would see disaster identification work within former Yugoslavia. It is somehow important to pay full attention on disaster identification mechanisms. War crime has demolished routine life inside Yugoslavia. Henceforth, DVI teams were expected to rescue all survivals of the war. In this chapter, their rescue methods and identification work schemes would be discussed in detail.

Medico Legal death investigation

Medico legal death investigation is possible with the help of medical science based technology. This is one among the most important disaster identification factors. It primitively tells whether death has been occurred or not. Medico legal death investigation includes the fields of forensic pathology, forensic science, clinical forensic medicine, and forensic science. Hence, core functionality of forensic labs is to justify the truthfulness of death occurrence in the result of war crime. Such disaster victim identification methods get more operational during warfare. Ethnic tyrants have mercilessly bombarded on innocent civilians. Resultantly, massive genocide has been noticed inside former Yugoslavia. (Harvey, P., Baghri, S. & Reed, B., 2002.) Death investigation paves towards root causes of death occurrence. Death investigation teams put deeper them into investigation in order to analyze nature of chemical. International disaster victim identification teams never let enemies nuke each other. Medico legal death investigation teams put petition against war criminal

DVI-Dissertation Victorian courts. Hereby, such bloodshed lover is sentenced punishment of their crime. (Smith, Anthony D. 1986.)

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Disaster identification challenges

Yugoslavian former regimes have couple of challenges. Initially, separated entities must be developed on modernize democratic principles. However, the main aim of developing states is to guard public interest in regime. Civil society should have complete trust on administrative officials. Agenda of democratization must be communicated with reference of political and social development mechanism. Civil society doesnt want to be displaced in modern democracy. It wants to put check on their selected leaders. Civil society doesnt want to give them free hand at any cost. Here is another vital challenge for Yugoslavia former regime with the name of political process. Masses were been in Serbian specialist party and Yugoslavian party. Smoothening political process within Yugoslavia is one of the biggest challenges. However, territorial disjoint within Yugoslavian was occurred. Social transformation and economic transition has been considered new evolving challenges for Yugoslavia. Last war crime has put the worst impact on Yugoslavian social transformation and economic transition. People stood forefront of each other on ethnic basis. However, new political system of Yugoslavia must formulate coalition government. Revolutionaries must not tolerate mafia structure, black market existence, and ethnic murders. These points must be undertaken while talking about disaster identification factors. (National Institute of Justice. 2005) Stability welcomes to peaceful time, where disaster identification scheme can be perfectly exercised. People in the pain of problems dont pay attention on else things until unless their problems lashed out. Calm political structure may inject prosperities into governing system. On other hand, calm political situation is always important for developments. Thereby, people should support in the process of change. Combating nationalism is found worthwhile challenge for Yugoslavian federation. Individuals have segregated them into ethnic nationalism conceptual frame. Hence, long lasting conflict between Serbs and embargo has internationally isolated the nations. Eventually, many individuals preferred migration that to prevent holocaust war crimes. Majority of them came in middle of nowhere. They didnt have insurance of permanent residence, employment and livelihood settings. Their previous homes have been fallen down, and they are not welcome anymore at previous areas. War refugees have to live in asylum for many years. Their hearts are yearned with compassionate feelings to return their homes. Wars bring humiliation, disgrace and miseries for survivals. Disaster identification teams have big responsibility on their shoulders in form of helping survivals to resettle them. These refugees sometimes become enormous threat for international peace. (Harvey, P., Baghri, S. & Reed, B., 2002.

DVI-Dissertation In the response of disaster identification conceptual framework, political authorities of Yugoslavians have to formulate civic strategies to mitigate future chances of clash between integral parts of Yugoslavian. Henceforth, institutions must promote the values of civil society, democracy, respect of law, public policy analysis, and freedom of speech. On other hand, war victims have to educate in order to corporate with disaster identification teams.

DVI work in Yugoslavia

Underdeveloped nations have vast difficulties of getting forensic medicine. However, masses have to suffer a lot especially in warfare circumstances. It would be primitive idea to comment on national capability of under developed nation to develop forensic medicine facilitation. Worlds top nonprofit organizations have been disbursing their services in the development of forensic pathologist to face numerous challenges. In addition, international committee of the Red Cross with joint efforts of world health organization has been giving adequate educational facilitation to Yugoslavians. (An American Health Organisation. 2004) The Australian federal police and VIFM were found very first time meeting with each other on forensic pathology in Botswana. Hence, many other internationally renowned organizations including Red Cross and world health organization have also shown their participation respectively. The key agenda of this meeting was to visualize the importance of forensic response to disaster. Hereby, competencies need to be evaluated whether these can be implied or not. DVI team must train medical and police practitioner for sexual violence training workshop. However, violence cases can be controlled. Medical practitioners have important role in disaster victim identification mechanism. Medical practitioners have to morally work harder to give people relief in crucial time period. Disaster victim identification is possible as by knowing the framework of incidents. It helps administrative staff to investigate the root cause of disasters. As far as open incidents are concerned, these are basically large scale incidents, where victimize individuals exact number is not practically possible to know. (An American Health Organisation. 2004) For instance, open situation refers to natural disaster. In few years back tsunami flooded many thousands people to wipe out them from the surface of earth. Such incidents have been categorized as open incidents. On other hand, world wars surround individuals in such crucial situations. Many thousands used to be killed by troops. Disaster victim identification conceptual framework can be helpful until the war is ended. Close incident is that, where all provisional number and details of dead victim can be easily obtained. Close incidents are easy to investigate for authorities. Natural disasters dont come up with minimal consequences or occur within controlled environment. Terrorist activities used to commensurate in close setting, where details prejudice arent bigger issue. These days, mass fatality incident used to be comprised of close and open incidents. This

DVI-Dissertation is complicated situation for disaster identifiers. (David Ranson & Rebecca Owen (2011)

Building the Yugoslavian state amid national diversity

Yugoslavian state is culturally diversified territory, where smaller ethnic groups have strong influence on individual perception. People prefer to be categorized with respect to their ethnicity either. Yugoslavian leaders never urge people to remain associative with their national identity. Eventually, people have been dissolved into ethnic identities. Masses hereby have tussled with each other to guard their ethnic interest. Nationalism has been squeezed to group basis. However, people aggressively reacted against the existence of other ethnic group nearby to them. It was probably clash for the attainment of certain privileges. Thus, centralism strategy was key success factor for Yugoslavian state. Regional identities encouragement has been pumping up hate mangroves to resume bloodshed until unless their specific ethnic group becomes dominated in that region. People have been started feeling safe under nutshell of regional identities. Hence, Yugoslavian disjoint is written in red into history. Believer of same religious was found thirsty for the blood of their own brothers. Such violation havent been seen anywhere on the sphere. (Smith, Anthony D. 1986.) Dominant ethnic groups have assimilated sub units to combat against other dominant powers inside national territory. However, disaster cannot be ended until unless clash is lashed. Smaller groups have been seen neutral in mean while of tussle time period. They dont want to let them to be assimilated into dominated groups. DVI teams could perform their duty tasks in peaceful areas. They couldnt move within red zone areas. Eventually, many individuals have been died due to unavailability of medicines. Eventually, specific needs of developing care vicinities have been identified for Yugoslavians. (Wisner B, and Adams J. 2002.

Disaster victimization inside Yugoslavia

Unification block conception has been badly failed in Yugoslavia. Various nationalists have impeded in the development of unification block for their private interest. Economic crisis played an important role in whole episode. People lost their financial capability to bear up their routine expenditures. Hence, inflation has been observed with sharp increase of 2500% in the comparison to previous era. However, Yugoslavian workers have been found with higher utterance to alter prevailing system. Leaders dont promise until unless he sees significant desire among people regarding that particular change. Nationalist leaders promote national pride and cultural atavism. Eventually, people follow their given direction, which lead them towards destruction. (National Institute of Justice. 2005) The author of study is not solely interested to look upon human disaster. He has strong desire to investigate all supporting elements to that disaster. Eventually, he

DVI-Dissertation may come up with certain possible solutions. Infrastructure has been badly devastated in ethnic crisis. People have been already scrunching under economic meltdown. Social devastation played a vital role to sabotage societal dynamics of Yugoslavians. (Devetak, Silvo. 1988) Hospital vicinities must be opened on urgency basis in affected areas. Furthermore, hospital management should be governed under international medicine laws. Individuals havent left with sound financial strength to pay off their medical bills. Eventually, world caretaking organizations have to rush into the situation to cope up survivals. Their laggardness may increase death rate at vicinity point. On other hand, Yugoslavian refugee camps must be supplied adequate flow of medicine to care for people health. You cannot run whole world disasters with charity income. Henceforth, united nation has to play an important role to settle peace inside Yugoslavia. Structural growth of economic development has been found desperately needing for country interest. However, individuals must be provoked to get tied into nationalism. Their loyalties should be for the state, not for specific group of individuals. They are with common goals, identity, and culture. They must strive for mutual economic development. Economic crisis gets over as if people used to start joint efforts to make their state prosperous.

Conclusion
In synthesis, the author of study has deeply analyzed Yugoslavian disastrous circumstantial evidences, where international forces apparently push to entire Yugoslavia into mimic war. Thousands of individuals have been reported dead in mean while of war crime. Yugoslavia war had been fought during 1990 to 1995 on ethnic clashes. Eventually, international institutions have to put them in between conflicting bodies to empower each one with new sovereign territories. This was the massive genocide attempt of ethnic tyrants. However, many of activists were alleged with war crime. United nation high officials place first brick of the international criminal tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. International center for transitional justice department has reported total death of 140,000 people during war crime. Many countries filled their pockets by exporting weapons to these ethnic gangs. The author of study put loads of light on the challenges of DVI. In addition, he has discussed work identification factors inside Yugoslavia. DVI team must train medical and police practitioner for sexual violence training workshop. However, violence cases can be controlled. Medical practitioners have important role in disaster victim identification mechanism. Medical practitioners have to morally work harder to give people relief in crucial time period. Disaster victim identification is possible as by knowing the framework of incidents. It helps administrative staff to investigate the

DVI-Dissertation root cause of disasters. As far as open incidents are concerned, these are basically large scale incidents, where victimize individuals exact number is not practically possible to know. For instance, open situation refers to natural disaster. In few years back tsunami flooded many thousands people to wipe out them from the surface of earth. Such incidents have been categorized as open incidents. On other hand, world wars surround individuals in such crucial situations. Many thousands used to be killed by troops. Disaster victim identification conceptual framework can be helpful until the war is ended. Close incident is that, where all provisional number and details of dead victim can be easily obtained. Close incidents are easy to investigate for authorities. Natural disasters dont come up with minimal consequences or occur within controlled environment. Terrorist activities used to commensurate in close setting, where details prejudice arent bigger issue. These days, mass fatality incident used to be comprised of close and open incidents. This is complicated situation for disaster identifiers. (Wisner B, and Adams J. 2002. In this chapter, the author of study has discussed about disaster victimizations. Unification block conception has been badly failed in Yugoslavia. Various nationalists have impeded in the development of unification block for their private interest. Economic crisis played an important role in whole episode. People lost their financial capability to bear up their routine expenditures. Hence, inflation has been observed with sharp increase of 2500% in the comparison to previous era. However, Yugoslavian workers have been found with higher utterance to alter prevailing system. Leaders dont promise until unless he sees significant desire among people regarding that particular change. Nationalist leaders promote national pride and cultural atavism. Eventually, people follow their given direction, which lead them towards destruction.

References An American Health Organisation. 2004. Management of Dead Bodies in Disaster Situations. Washington D.C: Pan American Health Organisation David Ranson & Rebecca Owen (2011) Victorian institute of forensic medicine: disaster victim identification from http://www.vifm.org/forensics/medico-legaldeath-investigation/disaster-victim-identification/ Devetak, Silvo. 1988. The Equality of Nations and Nationalities in Yugoslavia: Successes and Di-lemmas. Vienna, Austria: Wilhelm Braumuller. Harvey, P., Baghri, S. & Reed, B., 2002. Disposal of dead bodies. in Emergency Sanitation, Water, Engineering and Development Centre, Loughborough University

DVI-Dissertation Hsu C.M., Huang N.E., Tsai L.C., Kao C.H., Linacre A. and Lee J.C. 1999. Identification of victims of the 1998 Taoyuan Airbus crash accident using DNA analysis. Int J Legal Med, 113:43-6

ICJT (2011) The former Yugoslavia press release, from http://ictj.org/ourwork/regions-and-countries/former-yugoslavia National Institute of Justice. 2005. Mass Fatality Incidents: A Guide for Human Forensic Identification. US Department of justice

Smith, Anthony D. 1986. The Ethnic Origins of Nations. Oxford, England: Basil Blackwell

Terzuolo, Eric R. 1982. "Soviet-Yugoslav Conflict and the Origins of Yugoslavia's Self-Management System." Pp. 195-218 in At the Brink of War and Peace: The TitoStalin Split in a His- toric Perspective, edited by W. S. Vucinich. New York: Brooklyn College VIFM (2011) Medico Legal death investigation http://www.vifm.org/forensics/medico-legal-death-investigation/ Wisner B, and Adams J. 2002. Environment health in emergencies and disasters: a practical guide. Geneva: World Health Organization

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Chapter 3
Identification work in Thailand

DVI-Dissertation

Introduction
In this chapter, the author of study is keen to put glance on the identification work progressed within disastrous Thailand. Forensic scientists have played a vital role in taking out people from disastrous incident. In addition, police efforts have been appeared commendable in context of human care. In 2004, tsunami jeopardized the entire region including 48 countries. Thailand territory was one amongst the badly devastated. Thailand disaster management became quite easier as of rapid improvement in organizational structures. Eventually, disaster victims have been properly cared under disaster care guidelines. The emergent organizations followed the patterns predicted by scholars such as Forrest, Quarantelli, and Dynes Hence, multinational organizations presence was big proof of international collaboration on vast human deaths. International organizations have been inquest of developing humanitarian relief mechanism smoothen. (Brenner, C.H. 2005) European and Australian emergent organizations have been raised in the wake of disaster. Disastrous land often left with zero capability to handle such crisis. Hence, Thailand administration gave major part of identification work to forensic scientist and foreign police. Internal police capabilities have been badly disturbed. This chapter would specifically elaborate the role of foreign staffed Emergent Corporation in identification work inside Thailand. Tsunami victims havent had sufficient resources to gear up their rest of life. Eventually, many individuals have been reported dead in the absence of medical care.

Role of emergent organizations

Organized activity in mean while of disastrous moments always usher human beings to get out of crisis. Russel Dynes classified this organized activity into four distinctive categories including extending, emergent, expanding and established. As far as expanding activities are concerned, it is all about performing normal tasks with the help of new personals. For instance, Red Cross group ask volunteer to add up their participation for the welfare of individuals. Henceforth, huge population takes participation in relief movement to cope up with horrific disaster crisis. As far as established organizations are concerned, these prefer to perform normal tasks with normal individuals. They dont ask volunteers to help them out in the process. For instance, Red Cross Corporation doesnt urge individuals to participate in relief movement. Red Cross employees perform all necessary tasks. Extending organizations get their new tasks done by the help of normal individuals. Such corporations dont ask member to help to fill task capacities. For instance, constructions projects always embrace new modernize technologies to run safe working. Such construction elements dont need to change people working in projects. They need experts working in projects. On other hand, emergent organizations get their new tasks done by the help of new personnel. Emergent

DVI-Dissertation organizations have no thick existence these days, but disasters often give raise to such organizations. Emergent organizations comes into existence as by the participation of city engineer, local representative of the state highway department, country CD director, colonel from the Corps of engineers coordinating the overall community response during a flood. In emergent corporations, majority of people often know each other. However, they perform better work to reconstruct devastate land. The author of this study has found three necessary conditions for emergent organizations, which includes specific and necessary resources, supportive social climate, and relevant pre-crisis social relationships. In addition, planning is considered the important for the success of emergent organizations. Concrete set of planning always helpful in ending disaster experiences. Emergent organizations bring non routine, non-traditional, new and novel elements into practices. Hence, the author of study is keen to sentence on the role of multi organizational response in search and rescue. However, the main aim of this participation of multinational organizations is to dramatically improve liaison of communication and coordination. Thereby, EMONS (multi organizational emergency response units) describes main functions of emergency response units. Multinational emergent corporations better perform in disastrous situations. Tsunamis horrific flood didnt let region remain in same capacity to handle their domestic issues. Many thousands individuals have been migrated to safer places. Eventually, troublesome people often employ unfair means to feed their family members. This causes social criminology activities to be enhanced. Domestic violence used to start practicing on large scale. (Tun, K., B. Butcher, P. Sribanditmongkol, Tom Brondolo, Therese Caragine, Clifford Perera and Karl Kent. 2005) EOC (emergency operations center) was first amongst emergent organizations. It was accidently formulated to better care for the supplies of firewood, water, and food items. It had no purpose of renovation the region. Individuals werent dying at all, but exhaustible hunger was making them feeble. Eventually, many of them lost their strengths to safeguard their body against forthcoming diseases. In flood water, there were numerous diseases. EOC wasnt come into existence as of hard efforts of existing socialists. It was initiated by volunteers to pursue for optimal solutions. These individuals helped in setting flows of supplies to infected individuals. (Scanlon, J. 2006b)

Disaster response in Thailand

Thailand presented the same view of Halifax in 1917. Tsunami caused many thousands to be died. However, escort teams had responsibility to take up bodies to hospitals or to Buddhist temples, where bodies used to be placed in rightly aligned rows. Thereafter, officials were asked to take snap of bodies placed in rows. This step was for general help to identify individuals. Individuals were allowed to see

DVI-Dissertation bodies for identifications. If someone showed his/her reservation to ship body to overseas for cremation or burial in Thailand. At earliest state of surveillance, foreign police was complete allowed to search for their nationals on priority basis. Foreign police completed this task in minimum time period. Hence, they reported total number of bodys found, and total number of individuals found alive inside Thailand. In some cases, foreign police units had identified many local and foreign residents. It was more often a joint effort. There was high alert inside Thailand. Foreign diplomats had been seen coordinating with Thailand officials to handle prevailing crisis. Australian federal police played the prominent role in DVI training. They took full responsibility to identify dead bodies. In addition to it, they performed an important role in people training process. (Scanlon, J. 1999) Foreign police had been arrived from Norway, Australia, Germany, France, United States of America, Netherland, and United Kingdom. Governing issues came into view, state governors hindered to move bodies at one place. Despite it could be helpful for officials to complete identification process. Eventually, governors decided four different places around Thailand to place dead bodies. Religious pathologists were categorizing tsunami in the result of disobeying God respect and dignity. However, pathologists showed their serious concerns regarding body movement. Majority of individuals were with them on this particular cause. They didnt want to let body move over the war. They had believed set that death never caused inner soul to dissolved into nature. It remained in body for many days. If someone moved body then soul would be suffered with restlessness. They recommended administrative officials to place bodies at Budapest temples. (Bajaj, A. 2005) Thailand didnt have domestic financial strength to cope with such massive destructions and deaths. It couldnt even handle foreigner death cases. Thailand administration disallowed anyone to take dead body overseas without bring it into official notice. They didnt want people to misuse territorial laws at the time of crisis. Eventually, it took few days to complete the process. Thailand administration proceeded identification process at four different locations. Officials didnt lemmatize their proceeding until identification. They maintained dental records, DNA records and fingerprints. On other hand, officials considered tattoos and any other identification symbol for identifying ethnic group.( Nishimura, A. 1997b) DVI work has been exercised in couple of different sections, where Singapore, France, Netherlands, Belgium and New Zealand had decided to run first section with complete collaboration of Australia, Germany and United Kingdom. Second site was decided to run by Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Denmark with assistance of Germany and Australia. Thereafter, Austria and Germany had been decided to run third site with coordination of Nordic countries. Lastly, Israel had to run site with assistance from Canada, Switzerland, Italy, Japan and Portugal. It was clearly illustrated in policy paper before initiating DVI work inside Thailand; nobody would be allowed to solely identify their own citizens. They had to work in the collaboration with each other. All foreign rescue teams would work together. There

DVI-Dissertation would also be controls to ensure that nobody could release without taking it into record section. There was another mandatory rule to follow. Escorts had to place dead bodies of local elites separate to foreign elites. Henceforth, Asians voiced up against this particular practice. Their argument was extremely valid as many of local elites had married to foreigner. Eventually, it was almost impossible to judge nationality by seeing appearance of an individual. (Bajaj, A. 2005) Thailand administration added more sophistication in identification process. All fingerprint data were entered into AFIS, where it became immense easier to track down complete record of individuals. This system was used by SAGEM Morpho French, which was later on used by Australian federal police. AFIS systems were developed to make recommendations for human beings. It was all about producing the closest matches to someone fingerprints. Eventually, it was fingerprint specialists duty to select the best possible match before making a decision. Secondly, DVI system international was developed to take in dental data for identification process. Odontologists (forensic dentists) were given the task to identity individuals on the basis of dental records. (Tun, K., B. Butcher, P. Sribanditmongkol, Tom Brondolo, Therese Caragine, Clifford Perera and Karl Kent. 2005) This was basically project of Danish police, where dental records served the best in the identification process. ASIF was run out of a genuine problem. Dead bodies were taking out salty water, where their hands had been containing sufficient portion of salt on their hands. Eventually, their skin couldnt significantly produce exact map up of their lines on the hands. ASIF was completely failed due to this specific reason. There is another problem occurred with ASIF system. Dead bodies hand shallowness was hindering officials to perform their duty task. They couldnt able to take exact fingerprints of died individuals. Similarly, missing tooth had no solution. In spite of all tracking techniques, making DNA benchmark for identification work seem significant way. DNA is considered good measurement to find out an individual in the history of country database. DNA system had to confront with couple of failures. It was extremely difficult to put a record of badly injured individual into DNA system. IT was not clear whether problem was that the tissue samples were contaminated or Chinese labs were faulty producing results. In Thailand, religious preachers had made it a matter of ego. They were not allowing officials to take DNA of dead bodies. Eventually, administration had to work so harder to handle disaster within a disaster. DNA identification process had certain biological flaws in it. Hence, it recovered sooner. (Tan, P.H. 2005)

History of Thailand
Thailand has history of approximately 400 years. Thailand were never been the part of colonization. Despite it had been captured for long tenure. Eventually, people were reverted back their dignified independence in 1824, where representative governments came into power to look after for people interests. Thailand had been

DVI-Dissertation attacked with troops by Japan at 1944. Thailand troops had retaliated them out of territorial boundary line. Thailand was major ally of united state of America against compendia and Vietnam. 23,000 troops stayed inside Thailand by the end 1976. (Infoplease (2011) Tsunami is one of bitter reality today. It adversely hit to Srilanka and Thailand. Thousands of people had died in the consequences of tsunami. Millions had been displaced from their homes. Disaster victim identification was immense difficult at Thailand.

Conclusion
Disaster victim identification was process of identifying dead bodys aftermath of disasters. However, DVI is the name of skills that enable individuals to identify an individual to release his body to his family members. Professionals of this work include pathologists, forensic technicians, forensic anthropologists, molecular biologists, toxicologist, and forensic odontologists. However, professionals had to identify dead bodies by the help of post mortem report. Thailand didnt have domestic financial strength to cope with such massive destructions and deaths. It couldnt even handle foreigner death cases. Thailand administration disallowed anyone to take dead body overseas without bring it into official notice. They didnt want people to misuse territorial laws at the time of crisis. Eventually, it took few days to complete the process. Thailand administration proceeded identification process at four different locations. Officials didnt lemmatize their proceeding until identification. They maintained dental records, DNA records and fingerprints. On other hand, officials considered tattoos and any other identification symbol for identifying ethnic group. European and Australian emergent organizations have been raised in the wake of disaster. Disastrous land often left with zero capability to handle such crisis. Hence, Thailand administration gave major part of identification work to forensic scientist and foreign police. Internal police capabilities have been badly disturbed. This chapter would specifically elaborate the role of foreign staffed Emergent Corporation in identification work inside Thailand. Tsunami victims havent had sufficient resources to gear up their rest of life. Eventually, many individuals have been reported dead in the absence of medical care.

References
Brenner, C.H. 2005 Some Mathematical Problems in the DNA Identification of Victims in the 2004 Tsunami and Similar Mass Fatalities. Forensic Science International 157:172-180.

DVI-Dissertation Bajaj, A. 2005 Disaster Victim Identification: Tsunami. British Dental Journal 198(8):504- 505. Brenner, C.H. 2005 Some Mathematical Problems in the DNA Identification of Victims in the 2004 Tsunami and Similar Mass Fatalities. Forensic Science International 157:172-180. Infoplease (2011) Thailands complete history from http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0108034.html [27/12/2011] Sirisup, Nantana and Sawait Kanluen. 2005 Role of Forensic Doctors in Thailands Tsunami: Experiences from Chulalongkorn Medical School. Journal of the medical Association of Thailand 88(4):S335-38. Scanlon, J. 2007. Convergence Unlimited: Overloaded Call Centres and the Indian Ocean Tsunami. International Journal of Emergency Management 4(2): 211-238. Scanlon, J. 2006b. Dealing with the Tsunami Dead: Unprecedented International Cooperation. The Australian Journal of Emergency Management 21(2): 57-61. Scanlon, J. 1999. Emergent Groups in Established Frameworks: Ottawa Carletons Response to the 1998 Ice Disaster Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management 7(1): 36. Tun, K., B. Butcher, P. Sribanditmongkol, Tom Brondolo, Therese Caragine, Clifford Perera and Karl Kent. 2005. Forensic Aspects of Disaster Fatality Management. Pre-Hospital and Disaster Medicine 20(6):457. Tan, P.H. 2005 The Killing Field of Khao Lak: Odontology in Thailand Tsunami Victim Identification. Singapore Dental Journal 27(1):41-50 Nishimura, A. 1997b Statistical Investigation on Human Casualty in Kobe City on the Great Hanshai Earthquake Advances in Legal Medicine July: 346349.

DVI-Dissertation

Chapter-4 Identification work analysis

DVI-Dissertation

Introduction
In this chapter, the author of study would bring tsunami in Thailand and consequences of war inside Yugoslavia at glance. He is eager to analyze the identification work in the response of disastrous incident in both countries. Disaster victim identification must be done much quicker now days than of earlier time period, where people used to loss their lives as for not reaching medical services to them. The author of study wants to discuss DVI in the context of public safety, restoration of public order, and laws applicability. Disaster victim identification becomes not only legal issue but also humanitarian reason to protect victims. Families have higher concern of their lost members. Eventually, it is important to tell them about their family members. Governments have been utmost expected to handover their lost ones to begin their mourning process. However, their loved ones can complete their funeral arrangements. Tsunami has taken birth many emergent organizations, which were built up to better care of public. However, the author of study would critically analyze the efforts of for all identification. It is important to know whether those efforts were useful or useless for individuals. On other hand, the author of study would deeply see in Yugoslavia circumstantial evidences regarding disaster victim identification. Yugoslavia was thrown into stone ages by heavily bombardment of jet planes. Many thousands people have lost their loved ones a while of war. Disaster victim identification was seriously difficult in affected areas. War crime takes birth to high tense environment. However, people dont tolerate social workers to work smoothly. Many violent people try to harm to foreigners in the quest of damaging their enemies. (Bonaparte DVI (2011

DVI system analysis

Information management is the key feature to support to decision making. However, disaster victim identification process can be improved. Disaster victim identification system has certain obligations to correctly identify the dead ones and injured ones. Henceforth, individuals used to be given appropriate trainings to complete disaster victim identification task appropriately. The computer supported methodology has higher rate of being successful. Individuals can easily identify whether someone already has system records or not. Disaster victim identification system cannot solely play effectively until unless individuals have been given adequate training to them. This training should contain different national, religious, and cultural aspect. The system should have sufficient capability to work in crisis situation. Critical Analysis of Thailand DVI Thailand territory has been devastated by the worst tsunami, which took off many thousands lives. Disaster victim identification system was developed by Australian police authorities in order to make procedure smoother. DVI work has been

DVI-Dissertation exercised in couple of different sections, where Singapore, France, Netherlands, Belgium and New Zealand had decided to run first section with complete collaboration of Australia, Germany and United Kingdom. Second site was decided to run by Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Denmark with assistance of Germany and Australia. Thereafter, Austria and Germany had been decided to run third site with coordination of Nordic countries. Lastly, Israel had to run site with assistance from Canada, Switzerland, Italy, Japan and Portugal. It was clearly illustrated in policy paper before initiating DVI work inside Thailand; nobody would be allowed to solely identify their own citizens. They had to work in the collaboration with each other. All foreign rescue teams would work together. There would also be controls to ensure that nobody could release without taking it into record section. There was another mandatory rule to follow. Escorts had to place dead bodies of local elites separate to foreign elites. Henceforth, Asians voiced up against this particular practice. Their argument was extremely valid as many of local elites had married to foreigner. Eventually, it was almost impossible to judge nationality by seeing appearance of an individual. (Bajaj, A. 2005). Thailand administration added more sophistication in identification process. All fingerprint data were entered into AFIS, where it became immense easier to track down complete record of individuals. This system was used by SAGEM Morpho French, which was later on used by Australian federal police. AFIS systems were developed to make recommendations for human beings. It was all about producing the closest matches to someone fingerprints. Eventually, it was fingerprint specialists duty to select the best possible match before making a decision. Secondly, DVI system international was developed to take in dental data for identification process. Odontologists (forensic dentists) were given the task to identity individuals on the basis of dental records. (Tun, K., B. Butcher, P. Sribanditmongkol, Tom Brondolo, Therese Caragine, Clifford Perera and Karl Kent. 2005) This was basically project of Danish police, where dental records served the best in the identification process. ASIF was run out of a genuine problem. Dead bodies were taking out salty water, where their hands had been containing sufficient portion of salt on their hands. Eventually, their skin couldnt significantly produce exact map up of their lines on the hands. ASIF was completely failed due to this specific reason. There is another problem occurred with ASIF system. Dead bodies hand shallowness was hindering officials to perform their duty task. They couldnt able to take exact fingerprints of died individuals. Similarly, missing tooth had no solution. In spite of all tracking techniques, making DNA benchmark for identification work seem significant way. DNA is considered good measurement to find out an individual in the history of country database. DNA system had to confront with couple of failures. It was extremely difficult to put a record of badly injured individual into DNA system. IT was not clear whether problem was that the tissue samples were contaminated or Chinese labs were faulty producing results. In Thailand, religious preachers had made it a matter of ego. They were not allowing officials to take DNA of dead bodies. Eventually, administration had to work so harder to handle disaster within a disaster. DNA identification process had certain biological flaws in it. Hence, it recovered sooner. (Scanlon, J. 2006b.

DVI-Dissertation Adopted system has certain limitations for users. However, it couldnt perform right up to the expectations. Identification work was seriously collapsed, despite dedicated teams had achieved some major tasks. Disaster victim identifications had presented given bellow facts about Thailand situation. Eventually, 5,395 were reported dead in the impact of tsunami, 2,817 individuals were lost in mean while of flood. Teams couldnt find these individuals anywhere on the sphere of earth. Similarly, children data had been presented. Despite of all, a huge number of people have lost their jobs. Thailand economy used to receive significant portion of income through tourism. Tsunami snatched jobs from many thousands individuals. It incurred billion dollars loss on the economy. Thailand had to pass through bitter consequences. (Scanlon, J. 1999. Emergent Tsunami fact book in Thailand Particulars Count fatalities 5,395 Missing people 2,817 People displaced 6,000 Children affected 5,000 Children Lost 1,480 120,00 Job lost 0 1.6 Cost Lost billion Repairing 482 damages millions Boat damages 5,000 http://www.mythailandtrip.com/tsunami_statistics.html Critical analysis of Yugoslavia Yugoslavians had desperate sentiments regarding forensic medical services availability. International laws enforcements were observed feeble to stop jets for let not them to drop down more bombs. Thousands of individuals were bleeding to death in the worst consequences of war crime. Disaster victim identification system was not found effective at that time. Forensic archeology method was adopted inside Yugoslavia. This method was about the identification of location, excavation, and recording buried items. Non experience individual cannot perform obligatory duty tasks. Henceforth, experienced professional forensic archaeologist were required accomplish duty tasks. The author of study has noticed multiple reasons of hiring professional individuals. Many emergent organizational employees had started hiding small accessories found in the pockets of victim. However, it must be strict instruction to

DVI-Dissertation investigative authorities to care for such none regular functions. Forensic archeologists had to care for potential gravesites. They must not take bribe to burry individuals at unknown places. Victim concealment shouldnt be exercised in any case. Forensic archeologists must not use fallen walls, rubbish and tree branches to hide buried individuals. Nevertheless, teams of forensic archeologists, forensic botanists, and entomologists must be shaped to precede identification work. (Sirisup, Nantana and Sawait Kanluen. 2005 The author of study has found none regular practices at Yugoslavia. In addition, DVI team must train medical and police practitioner for sexual violence training workshop. However, violence cases can be controlled. Medical practitioners have important role in disaster victim identification mechanism. Medical practitioners have to morally work harder to give people relief in crucial time period. Disaster victim identification is possible as by knowing the framework of incidents. It helps administrative staff to investigate the root cause of disasters. As far as open incidents are concerned, these are basically large scale incidents, where victimize individuals exact number is not practically possible to know. (An American Health Organisation. 2004) For instance, open situation refers to natural disaster. In few years back tsunami flooded many thousands people to wipe out them from the surface of earth. Such incidents have been categorized as open incidents. On other hand, world wars surround individuals in such crucial situations. Many thousands used to be killed by troops. Disaster victim identification conceptual framework can be helpful until the war is ended. Close incident is that, where all provisional number and details of dead victim can be easily obtained. Close incidents are easy to investigate for authorities. Natural disasters dont come up with minimal consequences or occur within controlled environment. Terrorist activities used to commensurate in close setting, where details prejudice arent bigger issue. These days, mass fatality incident used to be comprised of close and open incidents. This is complicated situation for disaster identifiers. (David Ranson & Rebecca Owen (2011) Forensic archeologists often play a vital role in the identification of locations, excavation of buried remains, personal effects, potential evidences, mishaps, stolen goods, weapons and criminology violence with buried ones. Forensic archeologists havent given adequate training on chemical formation used during war. Bombardment had failed them to find out important evidences from some places. Combating nationalism is found worthwhile challenge for Yugoslavian federation. Individuals have segregated them into ethnic nationalism conceptual frame. Hence, long lasting conflict between Serbs and embargo has internationally isolated the nations. Eventually, many individuals preferred migration that to prevent holocaust war crimes. Majority of them came in middle of nowhere. They didnt have insurance of permanent residence, employment and livelihood settings. Their previous homes have been fallen down, and they are not welcome anymore at previous areas. War refugees have to live in asylum for many years. Their hearts

DVI-Dissertation are yearned with compassionate feelings to return their homes. Wars bring humiliation, disgrace and miseries for survivals. Disaster identification teams have big responsibility on their shoulders in form of helping survivals to resettle them. These refugees sometimes become enormous threat for international peace. (Sue Black & Sbine Weninggnann (2011 In Yugoslavia, forensic technology couldnt be implied to accomplish tasks. Geophysical prospecting, excavation, surveying, satellite imagery, and photography werent excessively exercised techniques. However, professionals couldnt jot down significant facts regarding war crime.

Conclusion
In this study, the author of study has discussed disaster victim identification. He chose two irrespective countries including Yugoslavia and Thailand. Where Yugoslavia was presenting the view of war sight, and Thailand was presenting the view of natural disastrous sight. Disaster victim identification is widely accepted terminology to describe all appended procedures for identifying and recovering deceased human beings. DVI procedure is hereby subjected under international agreement through Interpol. However, disaster victim identification procedures used to be altered for some specific reason. On each year, thousands of people died as of mass fatality incidents. DVI principles are always found in close relationship with humanity laws. DVI has become essential in such suburbs, where people are living under immense threatening conditions. Henceforth, the major aims of disaster victim identifications include response to major incidents, chances of recovery, reconciliation, disaster identification, repatriate the decreased, and human safety. In this chapter, the author of study has critical evaluate the methods employed to give relief to victims. However, the author has identified many important methods, which werent adopted to cope up with situation. In Thailand, many countries had run joint efforts to take out victims from crisis situations. Yugoslavian werent having such liberties in the mean while of war crime. Social work was stopped as of worst circumstances.

References Bonaparte DVI (2011) Bonaparte DVI is a next generation software system designed to facilitate quick victim identification in case of mass fatalitie uch terrorist attack, airline, crashes or natural disasters from http://www.bonaparte-dvi.com/en/ [31/12/2011]

DVI-Dissertation Sue Black & Sbine Weninggnann (2011) Fast and efficient international disaster victim identification from http://cordis.europa.eu/search/index.cfm? fuseaction=proj.document&PJ_RCN=11277327 [31/12/2011] Sirisup, Nantana and Sawait Kanluen. 2005 Role of Forensic Doctors in Thailands Tsunami: Experiences from Chulalongkorn Medical School. Journal of the medical Association of Thailand 88(4):S335-38. Scanlon, J. 2007. Convergence Unlimited: Overloaded Call Centres and the Indian Ocean Tsunami. International Journal of Emergency Management 4(2): 211-238. Scanlon, J. 2006b. Dealing with the Tsunami Dead: Unprecedented International Cooperation. The Australian Journal of Emergency Management 21(2): 57-61. Scanlon, J. 1999. Emergent Groups in Established Frameworks: Ottawa Carletons Response to the 1998 Ice Disaster Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management 7(1): 36.