RSH in 0001 ZZZ SP 619 - D0

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RESHADAT RENOVATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

C2-T: Topside & Bridges Contract No. : 3688-85-2FG Document Number
Iranian Offshore Oil Company
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Rev.:D0 PageNo:Page1of87
FUNC.DESIGNSPEC PCS/PSD LOOPS/LOGICS/SEQUENCE RSHIN0001ZZZSP619
DOCUMENT TITLE VENDOR NAME PACAKGE DESCRIPTION P.O.NUMBER
FUNCTIONAL DESIGN SPECIFICATION PCS/PSD LOOPS/LOGICS/SEQUENCE YOKOGAWA ENGINEERING MIDDLE EAST FZE INTEGRATED CONTROL & SAFETY SYSTEM PA-RSH-276
D0 Rev.
04-Jan-11 Date
Issued for comments Description
Sarath
Prepared
Nissam
Checked
Pradeep
Approved Reviewed WSA Approved SADRA
Vendors/ Suppliers Name

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FUNC.DESIGNSPEC PCS/PSD LOOPS/LOGICS/SEQUENCE REVISION RECORD SHEET

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FUNC.DESIGNSPEC PCS/PSD LOOPS/LOGICS/SEQUENCE

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................... 10

1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4 Purpose of This Document.......................................................................................10 How the Document Is Organized .............................................................................10 Acronyms & Abbreviations ......................................................................................11 References .................................................................................................................13
2.
PCS/PSD Common Control Functions and Configuration Guidelines ............ 14

2.1 FCS Function Overview ............................................................................................14 Overall Structure of FCS Functions.................................................................14 FCS Start Behavior............................................................................................16 FCS Common Configuration Summary...........................................................17 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.2
FCS Function Blocks ................................................................................................17 Overview ............................................................................................................18 Data Items ..........................................................................................................19 Alarm Status ......................................................................................................20 Initialization........................................................................................................21 Input Processing (for conventional input and communication inputs) .......22
2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5
2.2.5.1 Input Signal Conversion ...............................................................................22 2.2.5.2 Input Filtering.................................................................................................22 2.2.5.3 Input Open (IOP) Detection...........................................................................23 2.2.5.4 Totalization.....................................................................................................23 2.2.6 Input Processing Configuration Summary .....................................................24 2.2.7 2.2.7.1 2.2.7.2 2.2.7.3 Output Processing ............................................................................................25 AFO versus AFC Control Valves..................................................................25 Output Conversion ........................................................................................25 Output Clamp.................................................................................................26

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FUNC.DESIGNSPEC PCS/PSD LOOPS/LOGICS/SEQUENCE 2.2.7.4 Output Tracking.............................................................................................26 2.2.8 Output Processing Configuration Summary ..................................................26 2.2.9 2.2.10 2.2.11 2.2.12 Alarm Processing ..............................................................................................27 Manual Fallback.................................................................................................27 Alarm Processing Configuration Summary ....................................................28 Control Calculation Processing .......................................................................29 RSHIN0001ZZZSP619
2.2.12.1 Scan Period................................................................................................29 2.2.12.2 Controller Control Action .........................................................................30 2.2.12.3 Control Period for Controller Block .........................................................30 2.2.12.4 PID Control Algorithm ...............................................................................32 2.2.12.5 Measurement Tracking .............................................................................33 2.2.13 PID Control Configuration Summary...............................................................34 2.2.14 2.3 P, I, D Parameter Settings.................................................................................34
I/O Module Settings...................................................................................................35 Analogue I/O Settings .......................................................................................35 Digital I/O Settings ............................................................................................35 Digital I/O Signal Level Definition ....................................................................36
2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.4
Software I/O ...............................................................................................................38 Common Switch ................................................................................................38 Global Switch.....................................................................................................38 Annunciator Message .......................................................................................39 Operator Guide Message ..................................................................................39 Printout Message ..............................................................................................39
2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 2.4.5 2.5 2.6 2.7
Communication I/O ...................................................................................................39 Cross FCS Data Link.................................................................................................39 Other PCS/PSD Configuration Conventions...........................................................41 Security Level, Alarm Level and Tag Mark......................................................41 Operator Control Grouping ..............................................................................41
2.7.1 2.7.2

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FUNC.DESIGNSPEC PCS/PSD LOOPS/LOGICS/SEQUENCE 2.7.3 2.7.4 2.7.5 Output Direction Setting For ON/OFF Valve with One DO Only....................42 ON/OFF Valve Logic Implementation Conventions........................................43 PCS/PSD Tag Service Comments ....................................................................43 RSHIN0001ZZZSP619
3.
Process Control Loop Implementation General ................................................ 44

3.1 3.2 3.3 Process Control Loop Typical .................................................................................44 PCS/PSD Control Typical .........................................................................................44 Loop Typical Number Allocation .............................................................................45
4.
Typical Analog Loop Specifications................................................................... 46

4.1 Typical 001 - Analog Indication................................................................................47 Signal Flow Diagram .........................................................................................47 Loop Control Functionality...............................................................................47 Special Block Function .....................................................................................47 Faceplate For Interface .....................................................................................48 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 4.2
Typical 003 Simple PID Controller ........................................................................49 Signal Flow Diagram .........................................................................................49 Loop Control Functionality...............................................................................49 Special Block Function .....................................................................................49 Face plate for Interface .....................................................................................50
4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.3
Typical 005 Analog Output (Manual Loader) .......................................................51 Signal Flow Diagram .........................................................................................51 Loop Control Functionality...............................................................................51 Special Block Function .....................................................................................51 Face plate for Interface .....................................................................................52
4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3 4.3.4 4.4
Typical 008 Controller with Split Range...............................................................53 Signal Flow Diagram .........................................................................................53
4.4.1

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FUNC.DESIGNSPEC PCS/PSD LOOPS/LOGICS/SEQUENCE 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.4.4 4.5 Loop Control Functionality...............................................................................53 Special Block Functions ...................................................................................53 Special Block Configuration Parameters ........................................................54 RSHIN0001ZZZSP619
Typical 007-Flow indicator with totalizer and totalizer reset logic .......................56 Signal Flow Diagram .........................................................................................56 Loop Control Functionality...............................................................................56 Special Block Function .....................................................................................57
4.5.1 4.5.2 4.5.3 4.6
Typical 009 Temperature & pressure correction for flow with totalizer............58 Signal Flow Diagram .........................................................................................58 Loop Control Functionality...............................................................................58 Special Block Functions ...................................................................................58
4.6.1 4.6.2 4.6.3 4.7
Typical 010 pressure correction for flow(TPCFL) with totalizer .........................60 Signal Flow Diagram .........................................................................................60 Loop Control Functionality...............................................................................60 Special Block Functions ...................................................................................60
4.7.1 4.7.2 4.7.3 4.8
Typical 011 Temperature correction for flow(TPCFL) with totalizer...................62 Signal Flow Diagram .........................................................................................62 Loop Control Functionality...............................................................................63 Special Block Functions ...................................................................................63
4.8.1 4.8.2 4.8.3 4.9
Typical 012 ONOFF Controller ...............................................................................64 Signal Flow Diagram .........................................................................................64 Loop Control Functionality...............................................................................64 Special Block Functions ...................................................................................65 Face plate for Interface .....................................................................................66
4.9.1 4.9.2 4.9.3 4.9.4
5.
Typical Digital Loop Specifications.................................................................... 67

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FUNC.DESIGNSPEC PCS/PSD LOOPS/LOGICS/SEQUENCE 5.1 Typical 103 SO-1 Status Output with one DO......................................................68 Signal Flow Diagram .........................................................................................68 Loop Control Functionality...............................................................................68 Special Block Function .....................................................................................68 Faceplate For Interface .....................................................................................69 5.1.1 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.1.4 5.2 RSHIN0001ZZZSP619
Typical 105 ON/OFF Valve PCS/PSD Operated (SIO-21)......................................70 Signal Flow Diagram .........................................................................................70 Loop Control Functionality...............................................................................70 Special Block Function .....................................................................................70 Faceplate For Interface .....................................................................................71
5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.3
Typical 106 (SI-2) Status input with two input .....................................................72 Signal Flow Diagram .........................................................................................72 Loop Control Functionality...............................................................................72 Special Block Function .....................................................................................72 Faceplate For Interface .....................................................................................73
5.3.1 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.3.4 5.4
Typical 110 (MC-2) PUMP indication ....................................................................74 Signal Flow Diagram .........................................................................................74 Loop Control Functionality...............................................................................74 Special Block Function .....................................................................................74 Faceplate For Interface .....................................................................................75
5.4.1 5.4.2 5.4.3 5.4.4 5.5
Typical 111 (MC-2) PUMP with current indication...............................................76 Signal Flow Diagram .........................................................................................76 Loop Control Functionality...............................................................................76 Special Block Function .....................................................................................76 Faceplate For Interface .....................................................................................77
5.5.1 5.5.2 5.5.3 5.5.4 5.6
Typical 112 Duty-Stby Pump Control With Start/Stop Facility From PCS/PSD 78

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FUNC.DESIGNSPEC PCS/PSD LOOPS/LOGICS/SEQUENCE 5.6.1 5.6.2 5.6.3 5.6.4 Signal Flow Diagram .........................................................................................78 Loop Control Functionality...............................................................................78 Special Block Function .....................................................................................78 Duty Select Faceplate .......................................................................................79 RSHIN0001ZZZSP619
6.
Special Functional Blocks................................................................................... 80

6.1 Calculation Block ......................................................................................................80 Arithmetic Calculation Block............................................................................80 Analogue Calculation Block .............................................................................81 General-Purpose Calculation Block ................................................................81 Auxiliary Calculation Block ..............................................................................83 6.1.1 6.1.2 6.1.3 6.1.4 6.2
Sequence Control Block...........................................................................................83 Sequence Table Block ......................................................................................83 Logic Chart Block..............................................................................................86
6.2.1 6.2.2

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1.
INTRODUCTION
The Document Functional Design Specifications- PCS/PSD Loops/Logics/Sequence in detail describes all the loops/logics/sequence philosophy, used in design of CS3000 PCS/PSD system for the Reshadat renovation and development project.
1.1. Purpose of This Document

The purpose of this document is to: Introduce the basic concepts using typical methodology in PCS/PSD engineering Define the important parameter default settings for control typical configuration. Define the control functionalities of the most common process control loops. Define how each typical process control loop is be configured in PCS/PSD and the special functions and parameters related to the process loop typical; for digital control loops, the logic control requirement will also be discussed. This document is the basis to develop the PCS/PSD control typical which can be reviewed, tested and finalized at the beginning of the project phase, so that these PCS/PSD control typical can be used as template for duplication. The ultimate purpose of this document is to standardized PCS/PSD implementation by providing default configuration and implementation for various process loops.
1.2. How the Document Is Organized

This document is organized as follows: Section 1 of the document is an introduction to the purpose of this document, how this document is organized, acronyms & abbreviation only used within the document. Section 2 describes the basic concepts related to process loop typical and the work flow for developing these typical. Section 3 describes control function and configuration basics including configuration parameters and their default configuration settings. Section 4 describes the detailed loop specifications for the most common analog process loops. Section 5 describes the detailed loop specifications for the most common digital process loops Section 6 describes some of the most commonly used function blocks.

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1.3. Acronyms & Abbreviations

All abbreviations used in the document are as follows: AI AO CAS CND CNF CPU CPV PCS PSD DI DO EPC Faceplate Analog Input Analog Output Cascade mode Conditional (for functional block status) Connection Fail Central Processing Unit Calculated output value Process Control System Process ShutDown Digital Input Digital Output Engineering Procurement and Construction A CS3000 PCS HMI interface which displays a function blocks data and status. It is also used to change function block data and mode. FAT FC FO FCS FGS HART HMI Factory Acceptance Test Fail Close Fail Open Field Control Station (controller) Fire & Gas System Highway Addressable Remote Transducer Human Machine Interface

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HS I/O, IO IOM MC MCC MOV P&ID PCS PV MV ROUT SIO ESD SOV YEU YME Hand Switch Input / Output Input/Output Module Motor Control function block Motor Control Centre Motor Operated Valve Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Process Control System Process Variable Manipulated Variable Remote Output Switch Instrument Block Safety Instrumented System Solenoid Valve Yokogawa Engineering Middle East FZE, Dubai Yokogawa Engineering Middle East BSC, Bahrain
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1.4 References This document is prepared with the reference to the following document(s): Doc No. RSH-IN-0001-ZZZ-SD-609 RSH-IN-0001-ZZZ-MI-613 RSH-IN-0001-ZZZ-SP-615 RSH-IN-0001-ZZZ-SP-618 RSH-IN-0001-ZZZ-SP-620 RSH-00-IN-PH-0001 RSH-00-IN-DB-0001 RSH-00-PM-DB-0001 RSH-00-IN-SP-0001 IM33S1B30_02 Document Title System Architecture PCS/PSD Bill of Material Functional Design Specification Hardware Functional Design Specification HMI & Graphics Functional Design Specification Sub-Systems Instrumentation control and safety system philosophy Instrumentation basis of design. Basis of design specification for ICSS CS3000 System Instruction Manual

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2.
PCS/PSD COMMON CONTROL FUNCTIONS AND CONFIGURATION GUIDELINES
The FCS is a device that executes the process control. All control functions in the PCS/PSD system are realized by developing the control application software in the engineering PC and downloading them to FCS for execution in real time. The development of the application software is mainly by configuration of pre-defined control algorithms within the standard FCS system software packages. It is also possible to develop a small amount of fully bespoken software and execute in the FCS. This section explains the FCS system software functionality and defines their specific configurations at the level of individual software components such as Function Block and I/O Module Settings. This establishes a common and basic configuration for the Typical Loop and Complex Loop configuration for each plant. 2.1 FCS Function Overview The FCS handles process control functions in CENTUM CS3000 PCS/PSD system. It performs control functions such as continuous control, sequence control, calculation in continuous and batch processes. 2.1.1 Overall Structure of FCS Functions
The FCS consists of various types of function blocks that execute control calculations and the input/output functions such as the process input/output and the software input/output. The FCS exchanges data among the function blocks in the FCS and field devices outside the FCS via process input/output, communication input/output or Field bus input/output. Data can be exchanged by directly connecting among the function blocks in the FCS or among FCSs. Data can also be exchanged via software input/output. Figure 2-1 lists the main functions and their relation.

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Figure 2-1 Overall Structure of FCS Functions
Note: *1: Optional Software Package.

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2.1.2 FCS Start Behavior The behavior of the FCS changing its status from operation stop to normal operation is slightly different as in the two start modes described below: Initial Cold Start
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Initial cold start is to reset all FCSs internal states and initiates the control operations from the complete initial status. However, Analogue and contact outputs will not be reset. Restart
Restart is a start operation that attempts to maintain the status before the operation stop status as far as possible in order to restart the operation. The start operation is executed after restarting the suspended function block processing where it was suspended and completing it. If the FCS is already powered on and the status changes from STOP status to START status, the Initial Cold Start will always be performed. If the FCS is not powered on or powered on again from a power failure, the start mode of the FCS can be defined as the three conditions listed in the table below. Table 2-1 FCS Start Mode and Behavior Start Condition MAN Behavior The FCS will not be started automatically from power-on or power failure recovery. A FCS start command must be issued from the HIS to manually start the FCS then the FCS will perform the Initial Cold Start The FCS will be started automatically from power-on or power failure recovery. The FCS will always perform the Restart The FCS will be started automatically from power-on or power failure recovery. The start mode will be determined by the Momentary Power Failure Tolerant Time defined by the builder. If the power failure time is longer than the defined time, the FCS will perform the Initial Cold Start; otherwise, the FCS will perform Restart.
AUT TIME
Note: In this project AUT mode will be used.

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2.1.3 FCS Common Configuration Summary The table 2-2 summarized the common settings that decide the FCS behavior. Table 2-2 FCS Common Configuration Item Setting FCS Start Condition AUT Momentary Power failure 2 sec Tolerant Time Digital Filter Coefficient 1 2 3 MC Instrument Pulse Width Fast Scan Medium Scan Basic Scan MLD SW Auto Mode Name SEBOL Drive Statement Action Type User Defined Block Start Number Initial Cold Start Wind Up Time Interval of Repeated Warning Alarm Inter-station Data Link Communication Period Re-Transmission Skip when Inter-Station Data Link Error 0.5 0.75 0.875 4 sec 200 msec 500 msec 1000 msec AUT 2 Nnnn 60 sec 600 sec 1 sec 60 sec (Not used in this Project.) For MLD-SW block mode when cascade to master controller. Set the function block mode in AUT before drive and remain in AUT after drive. The range of the number shall be between 0~7560. Within a project database, each FCS shall be assigned a unique range. Remarks
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This is the first digital filter setting in FCS for input filtering processing This is the second digital filter setting in FCS for input filtering processing This is the third (also the last) digital filter settings in FCS for input filtering processing For MC-2, MC-3 function block with pulse output function. The actual setting will be based on the control narrative. All other loops will use standard 1 sec scan time unless otherwise stated. The actual setting will be based on the control narrative. All other loops will use standard 1 sec scan time unless otherwise stated.
2.2 FCS Function Blocks In the CENTUM CS3000 system, a control loop consists of one or more function blocks that are interlinked in one or more control drawings. Each of these function blocks has a specific function and

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contains a number of data items that represents the input value, output value, alarm limits, set point, PID tuning setting, etc. Each function block has a set of parameters to be defined in the block detail specification of the builder on the Engineering Station (ENG/HIS). The default value of parameters in function blocks are defined in this section as a standard setting. These default settings satisfy general requirements. Unless specified otherwise in the instrument database or described in the narrative (to be defined during the detail engineering phase), these default values shall be applied. For a better understanding of the FCS control engineering, a short description of the most common function blocks used in the typical definition, the naming of the various data items and a summary of the alarm abbreviations is given below: 2.2.1 Overview
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A complete set of function blocks available in the CS3000 system can be found in CS3000\IM33S1B30_02.PDF. The table 2-3 contains a list of the most commonly used function blocks in the CS3000 system. Table 2-3 Commonly Used Function Blocks
Block name
AS-H AS-L AVE CALCU CI
Function
Auto-selector High (Output) Auto-selector Low (Output) Averaging Calculation Code input
Description
Selects the higher value from 2 or 3 inputs and transfers it to the output. Selects the lower value from 2 or 3 inputs and transfers it to the output. Calculate average value for certain input values. Perform calculation, change alarm levels, etc. The CI block is used to read the contact input or internal switch as a binary code or binary coded decimal and display the integer value indicated by the code as the input code value. The CO block is used to convert the integer value which is set as the setting code value (PV) from the operation and monitoring functions or other function block into the code pattern for output to the contact output or internal switch. Enables the connection of multiple slave controllers to a single master. Provides implementation of logic in a logic chart format. Contains within one function block most of the functions used in relation with motors and/or motorized valves. MC-2 for 2 position motor control (Stop/Run) and MC-3 for 3 position motor control (Forward/Stop/Reverse). Output an analogue value as set by the operator to the field. Basically same as MLD, but can be cascaded with other function blocks, where it then provides tracking functions.
CO
Code output
FOUT LC64 MC-2/3 MLD MLD-SW
Cascade Signal Distribution Logic chart Motor Control Unit Manual Loader Auto/Manual Station

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Block name
NOT PID
Function
Negation PID Controller
Description
Used for output to valves in a split range configuration and to provide SV ramping in cascade configurations. Negates the input. Performs proportional, integral and derivative action on the deviation between the measured process value (PV) and the set point (SV). Displays an analogue value received from the field directly via I/O modules, from subsystems, or calculation variables within the system. Same as PVI. The additional setpoint value enables deviations to be monitored and alarmed. The RL block is used to judge the numerical relationship or the logical product of two data. Programming language for process control. Use for sequence control or complex calculation.
PVI PVI-DV RL
Input Indicator Input Indicator with Deviation Alarm Relational Expression
SEBOL
Sequence and Batch Oriented Language
S(I)(O)-xx
Switch Instrument
Indication of digital inputs in combination with digital outputs to control discrete devices like valves and motors. Various types are available to support up to 2 inputs and 2 outputs. Split the output of a controller into two outputs with a range conversion function. Select the medium value from 3 inputs. Provides implementation of logic functions in a table format. 3 poles selection between 3 positions. It measures time in the unit of seconds or minutes. Performs operation to output the logic value 1 for one scan period when the calculation input value (RV) is changed to 0. The TPCFL block is used to correct the flowrate, The VELLIM outputs a change per unit time by limiting it within the velocity limits.
SPLIT SS-M ST16 SW-33 TM TOFF TPCFL VELLIM
Split Range Medium Selector (Process value) Sequence table 3 pole, 3 position switch Timer One-Shot Block Fall Trigger Temperature and Pressure Correction Block Velocity Limiter block
2.2.2
Data Items
The table 2-4 contains a list of the most common data items that exist in the CS3000 system. Most function blocks contain only a limited selection of these data items. On the other hand, some function blocks contain specific data items that are not identified in this table.

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Table 2-4 Function Block Data Items Data item PV MV SV FV MODE ALM DV HH PH LL PL VL DL MH ML P I D SH SL ANSP MTM Function Process Value Manipulated Value Set Value Feedback Value Block mode Alarm status Deviation Value High-high alarm limit High alarm limit Low-low alarm limit Low alarm limit Velocity alarm limit Deviation alarm limit MV high alarm limit MV low alarm limit Proportional band Integral time Derivative time Scale high Scale low Answerback set point Answerback timer Description Input value to the function block. Can be from the field or from another block. Output value from the function block. Can go to the field or to another block. Set point value indicating the required/expected process value. Analogue input value to the MC-2/3 function block. Functioning mode of the function block: can be MAN, AUT, CAS, etc. Alarm status of the function block: NR, HI, LO, IOP, OOP, etc. Deviation between SV and PV. When PV goes over the HH value, a high-high alarm (HH) is triggered. When PV goes over the PH value, a high alarm (HI) is triggered. When PV goes under the LL value, a low-low (LL) alarm is triggered. When PV goes under the PL value, a low (LO) alarm is triggered. When the PV rate of change goes over the VL alarm, a velocity alarm (VEL+, VEL-) is triggered. When DV goes over the DL value, a deviation (DV+, DV-) alarm is triggered. When MV goes over the MH value, an output high alarm (MHI) alarm is triggered. When MV goes under the ML value, an output low alarm (MLO) alarm is triggered. P setting for the PID algorithm (%). I setting for the PID algorithm (s). D setting for the PID algorithm (s). High value of the PV scale. Low value of the PV scale. When for an MC-2/3 function block with analogue input only, if FV is less than ANSP, PV is set to 0. Else PV is set to 2. If the answerback does not follow the output within the period specified by MTM, an ANS+/ANS- alarm is generated.
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2.2.3
Alarm Status
The table 2-5 contains a list of the most common alarm statuses which are available in the CS3000 system. Most function blocks contain only a limited selection of these alarms. On the other hand, some function blocks contain specific alarms that are not identified in this table.

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Table 2-5 Function Block Alarm Status Symbol ANS+ ANSDV+ DVHH HI INT IOP IOPLL LO MHI MLO NR OOP PERR TRIP VEL+ VELCNF 2.2.4 Name ON Answerback Error OFF Answerback Error Deviation Alarm + Deviation Alarm High-high Alarm High Alarm Interlock Alarm High Input Open Alarm Low Input Open Alarm Low-low Alarm Low Alarm Output High Alarm Output Low Alarm Normal Output Open Alarm Undefined Answerback Thermal Trip Alarm Velocity Alarm + Velocity Alarm Connection Fail Alarm Initialization Description Answerback does not match the command in time (open/start) Answerback does not match the command in time (close/stop) The deviation between PV and SV has exceeded the deviation alarm limit (DL) in the positive direction (PV-SV > DL). The deviation between PV and SV has exceeded the deviation alarm limit (DL) in the negative direction (SV-PV > DL). The PV has risen above the high-high alarm limit (HH). The PV has risen above the high alarm limit (PH). The interlock input of the function block has become active. The input value to the function block cannot be read due to a failure or connection error at the input module (high input). The input value to the function block cannot be read due to a failure or connection error at the input module (low input). The PV has fallen below the low-low alarm limit (LL). The PV has fallen below the low alarm limit (PL). The output has almost risen above the output high alarm limit (MH). The actual value is limited to MH. The output has almost fallen below the output low alarm limit (ML). The actual value is limited to ML. No alarm conditions exist. Output value from the function block cannot be transferred to the field due to failure or connection error at the output module. Both answerback inputs are active at the same time. The trip input of the function block has become active. The PV rate of change over a certain period has exceeded the velocity alarm limit (VL) in positive direction (PV > DL) is triggered. The PV rate of change over a certain period has exceeded the velocity alarm limit (VL) in negative direction (PV < -DL) is triggered. Generate CNF alarm if connection to function block is bad.
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When the FCS starts up, as a standard the function blocks are initialized as follows: Function block with output to the field or subsystem: Newly created function blocks: Other function blocks: MAN MAN Last Saved Values
The initialization to MAN for the newly created function blocks and the function blocks with outputs to the field or subsystem cannot be modified. However, the initialization of other function blocks depends on the last saved mode of the function block. Saving the mode and other tuning parameters like alarm settings

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can be performed from the ENG/HIS Station. Once saved, this information is used to initialize the FCS after each off-line downloading. Therefore for all function blocks that need to be in a specific mode to be functional, like sequence tables, logic charts, etc., an initial sequence table is provided that forces the relevant function blocks in the correct position after start-up of the FCS. This sequence table is executed once at FCS start-up and sets the required modes for the relevant function blocks only once. These initial tables are only executed at FCS start-up, not at CPU switchover. After the FCS start-up has been completed, the function block modes can be manually changed when required.
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2.2.5
Input Processing (for conventional input and communication inputs) 2.2.5.1 Input Signal Conversion
The input signal conversion is the function that converts the input signal read from the input module or other function blocks into the process variable (PV) or calculated input value (RV) according to the signal type. Input signal conversions common to the Regulatory Control Blocks and Calculation Blocks include No Conversion, Square Root, Pulse-train, and Communications. If square root extraction for flow measurement is not performed in the transmitter, it can be done in the function block. The square root extraction can be performed at the input processing of the function blocks. When the input is a communication signal coming from ESD and other non-hardwired inputs to the FCS, the input conversion is defined as SUBSYS. The conversion gain and bias shall be defined accordingly. Note: For FieldBus communication using FF-AI blocks, the input signal for PVI block Input signal will be selected as Communication input. 2.2.5.2 Input Filtering The digital filter is a function to remove noise from the process input signals. The digital filter may be defined for each function block in Input Signal Filtering on the function block detail definition builder. Input Signal Filtering: None, Auto, 1, 2 and 3. When the IN terminal is connected to an I/O module other than the communication module, Digital Filter Coefficient 1 is used. If the IN terminal is connected neither to a communication module nor to an I/O module, no filtering process is performed. Also digital filtering will be disabled for subsystem/communication input. The following is the computational expression for the digital filter: Yn = (1-a)X + aYn-1 Where: a: X: Filter coefficient (0.5 for digital filter 1) Input value

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Yn: Yn-1: Current filtering data Previous filtering data 2.2.5.3 Input Open (IOP) Detection When an input module of the FCS detects the input level falling under a specified low limit, it will transfer an IOP- (input open low) status message to each function block connected to this input module. Similarly, when the input level passes a specified high limit, an IOP (input open high) status message will be sent to the connected function blocks. The function blocks will then generate an IOP-/IOP alarm message. When an IOP alarm occurs, the function blocks take the following actions: The input processing stops. Depending on the selected option, the PV will be kept at the last valid value, or the PV overshoots to its high (IOP) or low (IOP-) scale. The Hold Last Valid Value is the settings for this project. In the case of a controller, the function block enters the manual mode to freeze the output value to the field or to the slave function blocks.
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Besides selecting the behavior of the PV in case of an IOP alarm, also the IOP alarm settings need to be specified for each input signal. The IOP limit level is set at a level to avoid nuisance alarms occurring when the process value exceeds the transmitter range, e.g. the IOP limit will be defined outside the signal limits of the transmitter when available. The following settings are used throughout the system for the project, unless specified otherwise. The parameters are defined in the IOM detail settings: Table 2-6 IOP and IOP- Value settings for this project Input Type All hardwired analogue Input (except pulse input) IOP Detection Enabled IOP- [%] -6.3 IOP [%] 106.3
2.2.5.4 Totalization For analogue inputs, depending on the typical, one of the following function blocks is used: PVI, PVI-DV, or PID; Input Totalization is a standard option for flow measurements. Activation of Input Totalization is done in the function block detail builder. Depending on the actual engineering unit, totalization is performed per second (UNIT/sec), minute (UNIT/minutes), hour (UNIT/hour) or day (UNIT/day). The default totalization unit for the flow rate will be the same as the flow rate time unit. Up to 7 digits (excluding decimal point) of totalization value can be used. If the value exceeds 8 digits, it will row over to 0. Manual change of the totalization value is possible depends on the user security level. A low-input cut value can be defined for totalization. If the PV value is less than the low-input cut value, the totalization is not executed.

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2.2.6 Input Processing Configuration Summary As explained in the above sections, the table 2-7 summarized the configuration applicable to the Input Processing. Table 2-7 Item Scale high-limit value Scale low-limit value Input Signal Conversion Input Processing Configuration Summary Setting 7 digitals including sign and decimal point Same as above LINEAR Remarks General rule for number of decimal points is based on 4 significant figures. E.g. 0.000~n.nnn, 0.00~nn.nn, 0.0~nnn.n, 0~nnnnn. Refer to range information in I/O database.
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BTHPUL SUBSYS
SQRT Engineering unit Input Signal Filtering 6 characters AUTO
Totalizer Totalizer low- input cut value PV Overshoot
NO 1% Holding PV
Generally all linearization will be executed in the transmitter. This setting is used in this project unless otherwise specified in I/O database. Select Pulse Train Input for pulse type analogue input. Pulse Rate shall be obtained from the I/O database Select Communication Input for analogue input via serial link. Gain and Bias will be set according to the serial data range defined in Subsystem Communication Specification. Square root conversion for flow transmitter is selected by this function. * Note 1 Selected from Engineering Unit defined in PCS HMI. No manual new unit entry is allowed. If the IN terminal is connected to an I/O module including communication module, Digital Filter Coefficient 1 is used. If the IN terminal is connected to neither communication module not I/O module, no filtering process is performed. Select YES for flow tag name with totalizing requirement (flow tag contains Q).
When the data status of process variable (PV) becomes invalid, the last good process variable is held.

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2.2.7 Output Processing 2.2.7.1 AFO versus AFC Control Valves In order to provide the operator with a consistent display and operation, all control valves will be represented in the same way, even though some control valves are Air Fail Open (AFO) and others are Air Fail Close (AFC). For all controllers, the closed valve position is indicated at the bottom of the faceplate scale, whereas the open position is indicated at the top of the faceplate scale. Additionally, the controller output (MV) indicator is always displayed at the top of the faceplate when MV equals 100% and at the bottom when MV equals 0%. In this respect, the control valve position will be represented by 0% MV when closed and 100% MV when fully open. These conditions apply to all controllers regardless of being either direct or reverse control actions. For AFO valves, the signal inverter function will be implemented in the IOM (Analogue Output module). The setting in IOM for AFC/AFO non FF control valves is as follows: Control Valve Type AFC AFO IOM Set Details Direct Output Reverse Output Output Current 100% MV: 20 mA, 0% MV: 4 mA 100% MV: 4 mA, 0% MV: 20 mA
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2.2.7.2 Output Conversion The output signal conversion may be used for the processes that are common to the Regulatory Control Blocks and the Calculation Blocks, and for the specific function blocks which have specific output process function. Here is the outline of the output signal conversion processes that are common to the Regulatory Control Blocks: No-Conversion Output The manipulated output value (MV) resulted from the control-calculation process is No Conversion output . Pulse Width Output Conversion The change of manipulated output value (MV) is output after converted into a pulse width signal. Communication Output Conversion
The manipulated output value (MV) resulted from the control-calculation process is converted into the format compatible with the destination subsystem.

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2.2.7.3 Output Clamp Output clamp is a function applied to cascade-connected output terminals. It prevents the manipulated output value (MV) from exceeding, or falling below the current value, when the data status of manipulated output value (MV) is in the high-limit (CLP+), or low-limit (CLP-) clamped state. If the PID block status changes to output clamp when in AUT mode, it restricts the PID manipulated output value (MV) changes on the clamped output direction. 2.2.7.4 Output Tracking When a controller is cascaded to another controller or a switch and the cascade is opened, the output from the master is no longer used down the chain for control. As a result, in the lower control functions, values may change in such a way that when the cascade is closed again, the mismatch between the actual value to the field and the value output by the master controller is large. This will then result in a sudden change in the output signal to the field, which could cause a process upset. To prevent this, the controller function blocks provide bump less transfer from the opened to the closed cascade situation. This function is referred to as output tracking. It will force the output of the controller to follow the actual value used in case the cascade is open (master controller is then in IMAN mode). As a result, when the cascade is closed again, there will be no difference between the master output and the value used just before closing the cascade link and therefore the output value to the field will not change. This function is standard for PID controllers and does not need any configuration. 2.2.8 Output Processing Configuration Summary
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As explained in the above sections, the table 2-8 summarized the configuration applicable to the Output Processing: Table 2-8 Output Processing Configuration Summary Item Display style for MV data Setting AUTO/SELF Remarks In this project we are using this setting as AUTO. Except for few loops SELF will be used e.g. If SW33 is connected to MLDSW then SELF will be used.
Output conversional rate limiter bypass Output conversional rate limiter Limit on output direction during clamp Action to output control / computation results Output signal conversion Fully-open/tight-shut specification Fully open actual output value Tight-shut actual output value
NO 100% YES POS No YES/NO 106.25% -17.19% This means no limit at output velocity. Select NO for block connected to a MLD-SW block. Current MVn is equal to previous MVn-1 + MV from the control calculation. Select SUBSYS for analogue output by serial link.

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2.2.9 Alarm Processing Alarm processing is a function which detects any abnormalities in the process from values such as the process variable (PV) and manipulated output value (MV), then reflects this in the function block alarm status while at the same time consolidating the detection results and giving notification of these to the operation and monitoring function as a message. Alarm processing is found in each function block. Alarm processing consists mainly of the following two functions: Alarm detection function, which detects any abnormality in the process. Alarm notification function, which notifies the operation and monitoring function of the detection result.
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The alarm detection function performs the following alarm checks. Input open alarm check Input error alarm check Input high-high and low-low limit alarm check Input high and low limit alarm check Input velocity alarm check Deviation alarm check Output open alarm check Output failure alarm check Output high and low limit alarm check Connection failure alarm check
2.2.10 Manual Fallback The manual fallback function is one of the error processing functions. It forces the control to stop by changing the block mode to the manual mode (MAN) regardless of the current operation status. If the manual mode is activated (MAN) by the manual fallback function, the block mode which has activated the manual fallback function remains manual (MAN) even after the recovery of an error. The Manual fallback feature is trigged if the blocks alarm detection for Input Open and/or Output Open is enabled in its configuration. Below will discuss in detail the manual fallback function for regulatory control block and switch instrument block manual fallback. Regulatory Control Block Manual Fallback
The following conditions will cause the regulatory control block that has manual fallback function to activate this function: Input open detected

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I/O module failure Block mode of the block for data reference is disabled (O/S) Data status of the data for data reference is invalid (BAD) Data status of the input value fails to communicate (NCOM) Output open detected The mode of the destination block that data is being set is out of service (O/S).
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In addition, if the input open alarm is detected, the PV value before alarms occurrence is latched as a process variable (PV). However, when the PV overshoot is defined, the process variables (PV) are overshot to the high or low limit of the PV range; If the output open alarm is detected, the manipulated output value (MV) is frozen, and the current value is kept as manipulated output values (MV). PID block is the most common block which has the PCS build-in manual fallback function. Switch Instrument Block/Motor Control Block Manual Fallback Below are some of the common conditions which will cause the switch instrument block/motor control block that has manual fallback function to activate this function: When the switch connected to INT terminal is turned ON (i.e., the interlock condition is established for changing the block into interlock mode). When the data status of the manipulated output value becomes output failure (PTPF) When the FCS is undergoing a restart process and the manipulated output is used for a process control via a process control I/O module. SIO type switch instrument block and MC type motor control block are the most common blocks which have the PCS build-in MANUAL fallback function. 2.2.11 Alarm Processing Configuration Summary The alarm detection functions vary by different function block. The items listed in the table below are applicable to most function blocks. Even though the alarm detection functions are enabled as the table below, the alarm set points are set equal to their high or low engineering scales to disable the alarm check unless the alarm set points are specified in database. Table 2-9 Alarm Processing Configuration Summary Item Setting Alarm Level 1-16 Input Open Alarm Both High/Low Limit Alarm PV High-High/Low- HH Low Limit Alarm LL Remarks Refer to PCS HMI for detail settings Detect both IOP- (Low open input) and IOP+ (High open input) Check HH, LL alarm as per their alarm set point. HH, LL alarm set point default value equal to the High, Low scale. Customized data will be set if they are specified in the I/O database.

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Item PV High/Low Limit Alarm Setting H L Remarks Check H, L alarm as per their alarm set point. PH, PL alarm set point default value equal to the High, Low scale. Customized data will be set if they are specified in the I/O database. Alarm recovery dead band.
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Hysteresis 2.0 % Input Velocity Limit Alarm Input Velocity Limit BOTH Detect velocity of input change in both positive and negative Alarm direction. Sampling No. 1 One scan reading of input. Sampling Interval 1 Function block scan interval. Hysteresis 2.0 % Alarm recovery dead band. Deviation Alarm (DV=PV-SV) Deviation Alarm BOTH Detect both positive and negative alarm DV Check Filter 0.000 No filter on DV for delaying alarm generation. Gain DV Filter Time 0 No filter on DV for delaying alarm generation. Constant DV Hysteresis 1.0% Alarm recovery dead band Output Open Alarm (Only applicable to controller) Open Output Alarm YES Detect OOP (Output open) Output High/Low HL Detect MV (Manipulate Variable) High or Low alarm as per their set Limit Alarm point. Hysteresis 2.0 % Alarm recovery dead band. Bad Connection YES Generate CNF alarm if connection to function block is bad. Alarm 2.2.12 Control Calculation Processing
Control calculation referred here is a collection of the functions with respect to the function block execution timing and calculation algorithms. 2.2.12.1 Scan Period
For most function blocks, the scan period can be selected from three categories: Basic, Medium or High scan. For each control station it has to be defined what scan rate is applicable for the Medium and High scan rate, the Basic scan rate is fixed at one second. Only one value definition per each scan category can be defined per control station and this will be finalized during the detailed engineering phase. The following are the selections available for the scan period:
Category Basic Medium High
Scan period (msec) 1000 (fixed) 500 200 or 500

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2.2.12.2 Controller Control Action The control action of a PID controller can either be direct or reverse. The PID control algorithm for the control action (whether direct or reverse) is as follows. DIRECT action: If the process variable (PV) is higher than set point (SV) and the controller output (MV) needs to open the valve to correct the error. REVERSE action: If the process variable (PV) is higher than set point (SV) and the controller output (MV) needs to close the valve to correct the error. When deciding the control action for the controller, no need to consider control valve characteristic (FC or FO) due to the reason that if the valve is FO type, the signal from PCS/PSD to field has already be reversed by PCS/PSD configuration (no signal reversing for FC type valve). This is discussed in section 2.2.7.1 AFO versus AFC Control Valves. 2.2.12.3 Control Period for Controller Block
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Among the regulatory control blocks, the controller block has a control period that is dependent on process timing. The control period of the controller block is a time period in which the controller block executes control calculation and output processing during the automatic operation (AUT and CAS) The control period of the controller block is always an integer multiple of the scan period. The only processing that the controller block always performs during each scan period is input processing and alarm processing. However, the control calculation and output processing are executed every control period. Control Period of Regulatory Control Action: The control calculation is executed every control period in regulatory control action. The figure 2-2 shows the controller blocks control period in the regulatory control action. Figure 2-2 Control Period and Scan Period Relation

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Setting for Control Period of Controller Block: The following section describes the method of setting the control period of a controller block, and how the function block behaves for the different settings. Setting of the control period for a controller block can be done in the Function Block Detail Builder. Control period: Select from fixed control period, automatic determination, or intermittent control action. In case of this project, intermittent control application is not applicable. The following explanation only applies to fixed control period and automatic determination.
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The fixed control periods can be selected from the following: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 or 64 Seconds. When the automatic determination is selected, the control period is decided by the rules in table 2-10 Table 2-10 Control Period at the Automatic Determination Control Period (Sec) Basic Scan 1 2 4 8 16 32 High-Speed Scan
Integral Time (Sec.) 1 to 31 32 to 63 64 to 255 256 to 1023 1024 to 2047 2048 to 10000
Same as the scan period
Action of Controller Block Based on Control Period: Based on the control period defined, the controller blocks are executed as follows: When a fixed control period is selected The control calculation processing and output action during the automatic operation (AUT, CAS and RCAS) is executed with the preset fixed control period. When the automatic determination is selected If the scan period is the basic scan, the control period is determined automatically according to the parameter of the integral time (I). If the scan period is the high-speed scan, the control period is the same as the scan period.

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2.2.12.4 PID Control Algorithm The PID control computation is the core of the PID control computation processing, calculating a manipulated output change (MV) by using the PID control algorithms. The PID control combines three types of actions: proportional, integral and derivative. The figure 7-2 shows a block diagram of PID control computation: Figure 2-3 Block Diagram of PID Control Computation
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En
Types of PID Control Computation: The PID Controller Block uses the following five PID control algorithms to perform PID control computation. The actions vary with the characteristics of a controlled system and the purpose of control. Basic type PID control (PID) PV proportional and derivative type PID control (I-PD) PV derivative type PID control (PI-D) Automatic determination type Automatic determination type 2
Define PID Control Computation: For PID control computation, the input variables of the proportional, integral and derivative terms are different for each PID control algorithm.

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The table 2-11 shows the PID control algorithms and the input variable of each term. The Automatic determination 2 will be selected as default unless specified otherwise. Table 2-11 PID Control Algorithms and the Input Variables
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*Note: RCAS means Remote Cascade where the function block receives Set point from a supervisory computer. 2.2.12.5 Measurement Tracking
When a function block changes mode from manual to automatic, the controller output value will start to change from a manually set value to the value calculated by the control algorithm based on the set point (or error) Since the result of this calculation could be different from the latest value set manually this could cause a large change in the output to the field resulting in process upsets. To prevent this from happening, Measurement Tracking can be specified for PID controllers. If this function is active, the set point (SV) will be kept equal to the measured process value (PV) during MAN mode. When the function block then changes from MAN to AUT, the difference between SV and PV is zero and as a result, the output value to the field will not change. However, the original set point value is now lost and needs to be manually set again by the operator.

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2.2.13 PID Control Configuration Summary As explained in the above sections, the table 2-12 summarized the configuration applicable to the Control Calculation Processing: Table 2-12 Control Calculation Processing Configuration Summary
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Item
PID control algorithm Control action direction Scan Period Control period Non-linear gain Dead band action Input/output compensation Measure tracking at MAN
Setting
Automatic Determination 2 REV Basic Scan or High Speed Scan AUTO NO NO NO
Remarks
Define according to process requirement for direct or reverse control action. Basic scan=1 sec for all tags. For High Speed Scan period, refer to FCS common definition. Select 1 sec for feed forward controller or any controller which uses the input/output compensation function.
YES
Set appropriately if the control application calls for I/O compensation. E.g. select OUT for feed forward controller, IN for GAP controller for N2 blanketing. Using this setting for all controllers including master and slave controllers in cascade loop unless otherwise specified in control narrative. Only if specified in control narrative. Setting for controllers in this project. Setting for all cascade controllers in this project. Only if specified in control narrative.
NO Measure tracking at AUT & CND YES NO Measure tracking at CAS & CND AUT fallback Computer backup mode YES NO NO MAN
2.2.14 P, I, D Parameter Settings The set parameters of the PID control algorithms in CS3000: Proportional band (P): 0 to 1000 %. Integral time (I): 0.1 to 10000 seconds.

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Derivative time (D): 0 to 10000 seconds. The system settings for these parameters are as follows: Tuning Parameter P I D 2.3 I/O Module Settings In order to perform the process input/output function, it is necessary to define process input/output on IOM Builder. Settings vary with different type of I/O modules. The following sections only explain the main settings applicable. A complete set of I/O Modules and their functions and settings available in the CS3000 system can be found in the CS3000 Electronic Instruction Reference Manual Part A 2.3.1 Analogue I/O Settings Table 2-13 Setting Item Service comment Details setting Analogue I/O Settings Selectable Parameter A string of up to 40 alphanumeric characters Pulse Input: No terminal resistance, 200, 500, 1000 Ohm. Output: Direct / Reverse A string of up to 16 alphanumeric characters Up to 13 user defined alphanumeric characters Yes/No 12 or 24 VDC Yes/No Yes/No. If Yes, Upscale/Downscale Remarks System Default 100% 20 seconds 0 second
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None. To be defined as per requirements Direct. Select Reverse for AFO valve.
P&ID tag name Label IOP detection Transmitter power supply OOP detection Burnout specification
Tag description. Yes For pulse input modules. Yes Only Yes for Thermocouple signals. Burnout setting is Upscale
2.3.2
Digital I/O Settings Table 2-14 Digital I/O Settings Selectable Parameter A string of up to 16 alphanumeric characters Remarks
Setting Item P&ID tag name

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Setting Item Tag Name Tag comment Switch position label Tag mark Security level Selectable Parameter A string of up to 16 alphanumeric characters A string of up to 12X2 alphanumeric characters As per HMI Specs. As per HMI Specs. As per HMI Specs. Remarks
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ON/OFF, RUN/STOP etc.
2.3.3
Digital I/O Signal Level Definition
The digital signal level coming or going to the field directly affect the PCS/PSD configuration for these digital I/O loops. Different digital I/O signal level coming or going to the field will result in different PCS/PSD configuration. E.g. If a digital input is used in logic and its signal level was changed, both the I/O block for this tag and the logic block must be modified accordingly. The hardwired digital I/O signal level to PCS/PSD system shall follow the following definition. If the hardwired digital I/O whose signal level is not the same as list in the table below or is not covered in this table, these digital I/O and its signal level shall be explicitly specified in database, so that correct PCS/PSD configuration will be achieved.

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Table 2-15 Digital I/O Signal Level Definition
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Digital Signal Type (Hardwired) DI for alarm DI for status DI for status DI for status DI for status DO to field DO to field DO to field
Field Signal Level Representation 1 - Normal 0 - Alarm 1 - Open 0 Not Open 1 - Close 0 Not Close 1 - Run 0 Stop 1 - Remote 0 Local 1 ON 0 OFF 1 - OK 0 Not Ok 1 - Alarm 0 No Alarm
PCS Configuration
Remarks E.g. pressure switch E.g. Open detecting limit switch for ON/OFF valve E.g. Close detecting limit switch E.g. Motor status E.g. Remote/local switch for motor control E.g. DO for local panel condition indication light E.g. DO for local indication as operator permissive E.g. DO for local alarm indication
Normal Alarm Open Not Open Close Not Close Run Stop Remote Local On Off Ok Not Ok Alarm Not alarm
Note: 1 means Contact Closed (i.e. loop energized); 0 means Contact Open (i.e. loop de-energized) DO signal level for motor control including compressor, fan etc depends on motor type and will be defined in motor control typical in this document. DO signal level and signal type (latched or pulse) for ON/OFF valve depends on valve type and process control philosophy, and will be defined in ON/OFF valve control typical in this document.

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2.4 Software I/O Software inputs/outputs are virtual inputs/outputs that are provided by the FCSs internal software. Two types of software inputs/outputs are available: an internal switch, which is used to exchange logical values between function blocks or other application functions; and a message output, which is used to inform the occurrence of an event. As software I/O is normally used for software internal function, operator does not need to operate the software I/O directly; their security level shall be assign to 4 unless otherwise specified. 2.4.1 Common Switch
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Common switches are internal switches used by various control functions to save the shared logical values within an FCS. The logical value of a common switch is not directly output to an external FCS, but is used by various control functions in an FCS for condition testing and status manipulation. Common switches in one FCS range from element number %SW0001 to %SW4000. As a general rule, common switch groups shall be defined as per process unit. An example is showed below but actual groupings shall be defines as per process unit assigned for the FCS during the detail engineering phase. Table 2-21 Common Switch Range %SW0001 ~ 0200 %SW0201 ~ 0300 %SW0301 ~ 0500 %SW0500 ~ 0700 : : %SW3001 ~ 4000 2.4.2 Global Switch Switch Range Assignment Function Reserved by system FCS Common Internal Use Internal Use : : Reserved for future
A global switch is an internal switch with the same logical value on all stations in the same domain. The logic value of global switch in one FCS can be read from other FCSs in the same domain. Therefore, it is generally used for replicating logic data from one FCS to another within the same domain. Global switches in one FCS range from element number %GS001 to %GS256. Groupings similar to the common switch range may be defined during detail engineering phase. Unless absolutely necessary, otherwise, global switch (%GS) shall not be used in cross station implementation.

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2.4.3 Annunciator Message These special message outputs are used to simulate the annunciator panels of the instrument panels. Annunciator message outputs store alarm occurrence statuses as logical values. When the alarm occurrence status changes the annunciator message informs the HIS of the occurrence or recovery of the message. When an alarm occurs, the alarm symbol will flash to prompt the operator for acknowledgment. The alarm symbol will stop flashing once it has been acknowledged. Annunciator message appears in the process alarm window. The message format is a 24-character string. Annunciator messages in one FCS range from element number %AN0001 to %AN1000; they can be referred by tag name within the FCS. 2.4.4 Operator Guide Message
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Operator guide message outputs can alert the operator to the operator guide window in real-time situations. Operator guide messages and data are output to the following destinations. 2.4.5 Displayed in the operator guide window Generates an electric sound. The mark of the operator guide flashes in the operator guide window Output to a printer. Logged into a file. Printout Message
Printout message outputs the data corresponding to an event that occurred in the process. This is mainly used to record the event that occurred in a process by printing them on paper as well as logging them into a file. The printout message can not be displayed in the process alarm window. 2.5 Communication I/O The communication input/output are used to access various types of data that are handled by subsystems such as the PLC. Data send between CS3000 and subsystem are mapped to communication I/O for their processing in FCS. The mapping of communication I/O involves the settings to accomplish the following: Bring subsystem data which is packed in word (one word = 16 bit) from sub system into PCS/PSD through communication link. For digital data, unpack word addressed data into bit addressed. 2.6 Cross FCS Data Link When a function block needs to refer the data in another FCS, area data link (ADL) is used. ADL is built to transfer the data between two function blocks in different FCS.

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Figure 1 indicates the data transfer for analog function block in the same FCS but different control drawings.
Figure 2 indicates the data transfer for analog function block between different FCS.
Figure 3 indicates the data transfer for digital link between different FCS. Digital signals are packed into words (16 bits) at the source FCS. Those packed word is transferred to another FCS using area link block and is unpacked at the destination end. Individual data bits can be transferred using this method.

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Tag naming Philosophy For Global switches the tag naming philosophy will be as below. The global switch tag name will be TAGNAME-G
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2.7 Other PCS/PSD Configuration Conventions 2.7.1 Security Level, Alarm Level and Tag Mark
Some of the PCS/PSD configuration settings for configuration parameters such as security level, alarm processing level and tag mark are covered in PCS/PSD HMI specification. Please refer to the HMI specifications for information of detailed explanation of these configurable parameters and their default settings. The default settings for these parameters shall only be used if such data is not available. 2.7.2 Operator Control Grouping
All the HIS in the system will be configured in order for the user to operate and monitor the plant appropriately based on operational area segregation philosophy required by project specification thru the used of operational group functions. Plant Hierarchy / Custom Plant
Plant hierarchy is the way to organize the entire process into a layered structure (hierarchy), and thus achieving efficient engineering, operation and monitoring. Equipment format is comprised of the following hierarchical levels: o o o o o Equipment ID Equipment Name & Comment Equipment Format Site, Area, Cell, Unit and Equipment Upper Equipment Name
Security Using the Plant Hierarchy
The equipment name in the plant hierarchy can be used as a keyword if operation and monitoring range for each operator in the Security Builder is defined. This function allows the setting of the operation and monitoring range based on the plant hierarchy. The operation and monitoring range can be further narrowed by specifying a tag name and its upper level equipment (station or drawing name) in the User Groups tab of the Security Builder. Messages can be searched by equipment name in the Process Report window or Historical Message Report window. Using this function, only messages generated by function blocks or elements of the specified equipment object can be displayed and printed. SADRA/ATKINS to confirm / provide detailed Plant Hierarchy if required to implement this feature.

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2.7.3 Output Direction Setting For ON/OFF Valve with One DO Only The SIO type block which is used to control the ON/OFF valve is always configured as OPEN at top and CLOSE at the bottom. The ON/OFF valve referred here is controlled by one DO (latch type) only from PCS/PSD. The solenoid coil in filed is energized/de-energized through its digital output which is controlled normally by SIO type block. When to energize and when to de-energize the coil is determined by the plant operational and control principle, on which the solenoid valve is selected. Depending on the SIO block configuration, the digital output signal connected to the solenoid coil can be energized or de-energized as required. This is achieved by configuring the parameter Output Action Direction of the SIO block to either Direct or Reverse. The meaning of parameter Output Action Direction is explained in table 2-22: Table 2-22 Output Action Direction Parameter Output Action Direction Setting Direct / Reverse Remarks Direct: Reverse:
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MV=2 output signal is ON; MV=0 output signal is OFF MV=2 output signal is OFF; MV=0 output signal is ON
Unless specified otherwise, the following configuration convention will be adapted for Plant: 1) 2) For fail close valve, the parameter of Output Action Direction of the SIO type block shall be configured as Direct; For fail open valve, the parameter of Output Action Direction of the SIO type block shall be configured as Reverse.
This configuration convention will determine the digital output signal level as explained below: 1) When the SIO block for FC type solenoid is at OPEN status, its associated digital out signal which is connected to the solenoid coil will be energized; when the SIO block is at CLOSE status, its associated digital out signal be de-energized. When the SIO block for FO type solenoid is at OPEN status, its associated digital out signal which is connected to the solenoid coil will be de-energized; when the SIO block is at CLOSE status, its associated digital out signal be energized
2)
For ON/OFF valve with two Dos or ON/OFF valve controlled by pulse type signals, its configuration shall be application specific and will be covered in control typical in this document.

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2.7.4 ON/OFF Valve Logic Implementation Conventions Depending on the process control requirement, each solenoid with PCS/PSD control can be classified into one of the following categories: 1) ON/OFF valve manipulated by Operator Only 2) ON/OFF valve manipulated by both the PCS/PSD control logic and Operator 3) ON/OFF valve manipulated by PCS/PSD control logic only The following ON/OFF valve implementation guidelines will be followed as system configuration across the project unless different configuration requirements are explicitly specified in control documents such as control narrative. 1) For ON/OFF valve which the operator is able to manipulate as the PCS/PSD function block for the ON/OFF valve is already provide the operator the ability to directly manipulate the valve status through its faceplate. 2) If the ON/OFF valve can be manipulate by both the control logic and operator, when the process conditions require the control logic to change the ON/OFF valve block status, the logic will execute this command to change ON/OFF valve mode and status ONLY ONCE (one shot execution). The operator is able to change the ON/OFF valve status even when the process conditions such as trip conditions are still TRUE as the trip command is executed only once by the control logic. This will be the default control logic implementation convention. 3) For ON/OFF valve which is controlled by logic only, the security level of the function block for the ON/OFF valve will be configured as 4 so that only the users with supervisor or engineer access level will be able to manipulate the valve. The control and operation philosophy including the representation of ON/OFF valve on P&ID in terms of who (PCS/PSD control logic or Operator or Both) is able to manipulate the ON/OFF valve shall be clearly defined in control documents, and these information shall be available to Yokogawa so that the PCS/PSD can be correctly configured to meet the control requirements. 2.7.5 PCS/PSD Tag Service Comments
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PCS/PSD tag service comments will be displayed on the tag faceplate and process alarm window (when the tag is in alarm condition). The tag service comments are consisting of two (2) strings each with maximum twelve (12) characters. These two strings will be displayed on two separate lines on faceplate. When the tag is in alarm, on top of the information such as the alarm timing, the tag and alarm type etc, the two strings of the service comments will also be displayed continuously on the same line in the process alarm window. If there is a character on the 12th position of the first tag comment string and there is a character on the 1st position of the second tag comment string, in the alarm window, there will be no space between the 12th position of the first tag comment string and the 1st position of the second tag comment string. The above behavior is due to the system design and will be default configuration convention for tag comments.

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3.
PROCESS CONTROL LOOP IMPLEMENTATION GENERAL
This section will explain various concepts involved in the implementation and configuration of process control loop in PCS/PSD. 3.1 Process Control Loop Typical Each process control loop is designed to achieve certain control functions. A process control loop typical (hereafter referred as loop typical) is a process control typical or template which achieves the same process control function such as indication, PID control, splitter control etc. All the process control loops can be more or less classified into one of the loop typical, although its possible that certain type of process control loops will occur only once or very few times. For example an analog indication loop typical can be created for all the analog indication loops, although the instruments of these loops can have different process/instrument specific parameters such as process variable range and engineering unit. 3.2 PCS/PSD Control Typical A PCS/PSD control typical (hereafter referred as control typical) is a control schematic created using control drawing builder, which is the engineering software for PCS/PSD control implementation, to achieve certain process control objectives. A control typical normally has one or more I/O terminals which are used for data exchange between PCS/PSD and Instrument. It also has one or more PCS/PSD function blocks which are used to process the data. The control typical defines the terminal connections (signal flow) among the loop function blocks so that to achieve certain control functions such as Indication, PID control etc. Control typical is used as template for duplication for the same type of control loops to standardize the implementation and configuration in PCS/PSD. Function block default settings of the control typical will be given according to various criteria such as the block type, parameter type, process control and application requirements which will be addressed in the next chapter. Default settings in the control typical will be inherited by the actual tags if such parameter values are not provided in IO database during system generation One loop typical can have more than one corresponding control typical, e.g. due to signal source type change which will affect either the block configuration or block connection, resulting more control typical, even though the overall loop functionality is the same. For example, for analog indication loop typical, there can be two control typicals. Control typical 1 - Analog indication loop with conventional transmitter Control typical 2 - Analog indication loop with inputs transferred from subsystem such as any 3rd party system.

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3.3 Loop Typical Number Allocation Each loop typical will be assigned a loop typical number for easy reference. Typical Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 101 103 105 106 110 111 112 Description Simple indicator Simple subsystem indicator Simple controller Hi output selection Manual loader indicator with horn output Flow indication with only Totalizer ; no compensation Split range FLOW with PR and Temp compensation and totaliser Flow with Pr comp and Totalizer Flow with Temp comp and Totalizer ON/OFF controller Digital alarm SO-1 SIO-21(ESDV,WV,MV) SI-2 indication Pump Pump with current indication Pump with Duty Standby Selection
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4.
TYPICAL ANALOG LOOP SPECIFICATIONS
This section describes the various analog typical control loops in detail. Each loop specifications contain the following sections: Signal flow diagram Loop control functionality Special Block Functions including Customized block configuration Customized block parameters
All the analog control loops described in the typical in this chapter are implemented using standard PCS/PSD function. If the typical requires customized block configuration or the block parameters are customized, these customization will be described in Special block configuration parameters under section Special Block Function in that control typical. Note that its not practical to cover all the possible typical loops. However, by utilizing the function blocks and their configuration in existing loop specifications in this chapter, and re-arrange or re-assemble them with necessary changes, new typical loops which meet individual specific control requirements can be constructed, configured and implemented relatively easier.

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4.1 Typical 001 - Analog Indication 4.1.1 Signal Flow Diagram
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4.1.2
Loop Control Functionality
This loop TYP_1 is designed to display the process variable (PV) in PCS/PSD for process monitoring purpose. The process variable is obtained through conventional (4-20mA) input which is connected to PIO block and sent to PVI block 4.1.3 None Special Block Function

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4.1.4 Faceplate For Interface
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Tag Name
Mode Alarm sts ENGG units PV value
Hi scale
HH alarm SP HI alarm SP
PV value LO alarm SP LL alarm SP Lo scale
Item entry

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4.2 Typical 003 Simple PID Controller 4.2.1 Signal Flow Diagram
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4.2.2
This loop is designed to control the process at the set point entered by the operator from PCS/PSD. The PID control algorithm is executed in the PID block in the PCS/PSD while the process variable is obtained through transmitter, the controller output is sent to the valve for controlling the process. The PID block will activate the measurement tracking when in MAN mode. Please refer the section 2.3.13 for detail explanation.
4.2.3 None
Special Block Function

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4.2.4 Face plate for Interface
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Tag Name Tag Comment (12X12 format)
Tagmark Mode Alarm sts
ENGG units PV value
Setpoint Controller output Open mark Index mark Hi scale
HH alarm SP HI alarm SP
Manipulated Variable setpoint PV value LO alarm SP LL alarm SP Index mark Open mark Lo scale
Manipulated Variable limits
Item entry

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4.3 Typical 005 Analog Output (Manual Loader) 4.3.1 Signal Flow Diagram
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4.3.2
This loop is designed to let the operator to manipulate the valve at field directly from PCS/PSD. Manual loader Function blocks (MLD) is used to achieve this function. 4.3.3 None Special Block Function

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Tag Name Tag Comment (12X12 format) Mode Alarm sts
Setpoint ENGG units Open mark Index mark
Hi scale
Manipulated Variable
setpoint
Manipulated Variable limits
Index mark Open mark
Lo scale
Item entry

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4.4 Typical 008 Controller with Split Range 4.4.1 Signal Flow Diagram
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4.4.2
This loop is capable of distributing the manipulated output signals from the upstream control loop to two output destinations via a signal distributer. This can be applied to the loops when splitting of the upstream signal to multiple downstream control loops with different operation ranges the ranges can be specified as per required. 4.4.3 Special Block Functions
Control Signal Splitter Block (SPLIT) is capable of distributing the manipulated output signals from the upstream control loop to two output destinations via a signal distribution switch. This block may be applied to the loops when it is required to split the upstream signal to multiple downstream control loops with different operation ranges.

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4.4.4
Special Block Configuration Parameters
Note (1): These are project wide default configuration settings for SPLIT block. Note (2): These are project wide default tuning settings for SPLIT block. They can be changed from block tuning panel window. Note (3):

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This switch must be set to 3 either by logic or by engineer if the SPLIT block is to distribute signal to both its output terminals. The SPLIT characterization of the above default settings is showed as below:
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By giving different values for the parameters SRL1, SRH1, SRL2, SRH2, DR1 and DR2, the user is able to configure the SPLIT block according to the actual controller output characterization requirement. The end-user must specify the split characterization if the default as showed above did not meet the requirement so that the actual requirement can be implemented during engineering stage. As the above characterization will be the default settings for this control typical, any loops which have different characterization must be modified after the loop has been generated based on this control typical.

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4.5 Typical 007-Flow indicator with totalizer and totalizer reset logic 4.5.1 Signal Flow Diagram
4.5.2
This loop TYP_7 is designed to display the process variable (PV) along with totalizer value for flow indications in PCS/PSD for process monitoring purpose. The process variable is obtained through conventional (4-20mA) input which is connected to PIO block and sent to PVI block. The totalizer value will be displayed as parameter SUM in the tuning window. The totalizer function for the block will be enabled in the functional block detail builder

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Totalizer value
For resetting the totalizer Reset button will be provided in graphics. The tag name philosophy for totalizer reset switch shall be TagnameRST. The calculation block and logic chart block shown near to the indicator block is used for configuring the totalizer reset logic. 4.5.3 None Special Block Function

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4.6 Typical 009 Temperature & pressure correction for flow with totalizer 4.6.1 Signal Flow Diagram
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This loop is to calculate temperature and pressure compensation for flow with totalizer. 4.6.2 Loop Control Functionality
In some cases, the temperature/pressure could be data referenced from other controllers input. 4.6.3 Special Block Functions
TPCFL block is a standard block for temperature and pressure compensation for flow in CS3000 system. This block receives three signals; Flow in IN terminal, Temperature in Q01 terminal and Pressure in Q02 terminal.

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Temperature and Pressure Computation
In a temperature and pressure computation, correction computations of both temperature and pressure are performed. The following is a correction computation expression with the measured flowrate of Fi, reference pressure of Pb, reference temperature of Tb, measured pressure of P, and when the pressure unit of the measured temperature T is [kPa].
With the pressure unit of kgf/cm2 and the temperature unit of F, the expression is given below.

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4.7 Typical 010 pressure correction for flow(TPCFL) with totalizer 4.7.1 Signal Flow Diagram
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This loop is to calculate pressure compensation for flow with totalizer. 4.7.2 Loop Control Functionality
In case there is only pressure compensation required, the corresponding temperature terminal can remain unconnected and a simple definition in the function block detail specification will suffice.In some cases, the pressure could be data referenced from other controllers input. 4.7.3 Special Block Functions
TPCFL block is a standard block for temperature and pressure compensation for flow in CS3000 system. This block receives three signals; Flow in IN terminal, Temperature in Q01 terminal and Pressure in Q02 terminal.Here Q01 remains unconnected.

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Pressure Correction Computation
In pressure correction computation, only a correction computation of pressure is performed with the measured flow rate of Fi, reference pressure of Pb, and measured pressure of P. The correction computation expression is as follows when the pressure unit is [kPa].
The expression for corrective calculation at the pressure unit kgf/cm2 is given below.

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4.8 Typical 011 Temperature correction for flow(TPCFL) with totalizer 4.8.1 Signal Flow Diagram
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This loop is to calculate temperature compensation for flow with totalizer.

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4.8.2 Loop Control Functionality In case there is only temperature compensation required, the corresponding pressure terminal can remain unconnected and a simple definition in the function block detail specification will suffice.In some cases, the temperature could be data referenced from other controllers input. 4.8.3 Special Block Functions
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TPCFL block is a standard block for temperature and pressure compensation for flow in CS3000 system. This block receives three signals; Flow in IN terminal, Temperature in Q01 terminal and Pressure in Q02 terminal.Here Q02 remains unconnected.
Temperature Correction Computation
In temperature correction computation, only a correction computation of temperature is performed with the measured flowrate of Fi, reference temperature of Tb, and measured temperature of T. A correction computation expression is shown below.
The formula for corrective calculation at the temperature unit F is given below.

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4.9 Typical 012 ONOFF Controller 4.9.1 Signal Flow Diagram
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4.9.2
The Two-Position ON/OFF Controller Block (ONOFF) performs control by ON/OFF action via a single contact output. The ONOFF blocks turn On or Off the contact output according to the result in comparing the process variable (PV) and setpoint value (SV). Control Algorithm in Direct Action Performs computation that outputs the manipulated output value (MVn) by 100 % (ON) when the deviation (En) exceeds the positive ON/OFF hysteresis value, and by 0 % (OFF) when the deviation falls below the negative ON/OFF hysteresis value. Control Algorithm in Reverse Action
Performs computation that outputs the manipulated output value (MVn) by 0 % (OFF) when the deviation (En) exceeds the positive ON/OFF hysteresis value, and by 100 % (ON) when the deviation falls below the negative ON/OFF hysteresis value.

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The figure below shows an example of the two-position ON/OFF control action:
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ON/OFF Hysteresis: Engineering unit data within the PV scale span range. The default is a value equivalent to 1.0 % of the PV scale span. The following table shows the relationship between the manipulated output value (MV) and contact output status. Note that the manipulated output value (MV) is always expressed in percentage (%).
4.9.3
Special Block Functions
None

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Tagname Tag comment Mode Alarm sts Engg unit Process variable setpoint Manipulated variable HI scale HH alarm SP HI alarm SP
Setpoint
LO alarm SP LL alarm SP Manipulated variable LO scale
Item entry

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5.
TYPICAL DIGITAL LOOP SPECIFICATIONS
This section describes the various digital typical control loops in detail. Generally, the digital signals are tied into function blocks in PCS/PSD such as SI type block, SIO type block, SO block type and MC type block, These blocks are used to implementing control for device/equipment such as ON/OFF valve, motor, MOV etc. SIO type and MC type block unify the input, output and alarm processing. They also provide a single interface window for operation when controlling device such as motor or ON/OFF valve, as these devices are normally associated with a number of digital inputs and digital outputs. These blocks enable operator or process control logic to change the device status while field feedback status is also showed on the same faceplate. The control of the digital device i.e. the manipulation of device status can be done by the following ways: Either the operator directly changes the device status through the device block faceplate such as SIO type block or MC type block using a computer point device such as mouse. Or A process control logic changes the device status according to logic process conditions
Its possible for the same device such as ON/OFF valve or motor can be manipulated by operator at one time and by control logic at other time depending on operational and control requirement. Unlike analog control loop where there is always one associated signal flow diagram. Most of the times, the digital loop contains one or few SIO or MC type function blocks and its associated control logic in the format of logic chart (LC64) or sequence table (ST16) or both. The purpose of this chapter is to defined common implementation conventions according to operation and control philosophy for devices such as ON/OFF valve, motor and MOV, to design the control logic templates according to common operational requirements, so as to standardize PCS/PSD implementation for digital device control.

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5.1 Typical 103 SO-1 Status Output with one DO 5.1.1 Signal Flow Diagram
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5.1.2
The function of this loop is to control the ON/OFF valve through the PCS/PSD. The operator manipulates the ON/OFF valve status by issuing a status change command from the SO-1 blocks faceplate displayed on PCS/PSD HMI screen. There are different types of SO blocks depending on the number of outputs SO-1 will be having one outputs and like wise 5.1.3 Special Block Function
SO-1 block is used to change the digital output status which is connected to the function block. The operator is only able to change the digital output status from the SO-1 block faceplate displayed on PCS/PSD HMI open or close status. This type of block is used only to manipulate the output and used only when no inputs are present to the particular valve or equipment and hence does not have any alarm processing.

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5.2 Typical 105 ON/OFF Valve PCS/PSD Operated (SIO-21) 5.2.1 Signal Flow Diagram
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5.2.2
The function of this loop is to control the ON/OFF valve through the PCS/PSD. The operator manipulates the ON/OFF valve status by issuing a status change command from the SIO-21 blocks faceplate displayed on PCS/PSD HMI screen. There are different types of SIO blocks depending on the number of inputs and outputs SIO-21 will be having 2 inputs and one outputs and like wise SIO-11 will be having one input and one output. SIO-22 will be having two inputs and two output etc The selection of the SIO blocks will be made based on the requirement. 5.2.3 Special Block Function
SIO-xx block is used to change the digital output status from the function block. The block also integrates the answerback signal(s) from field. It provides alarm processing such as the answerback check so as to generate alarm when the commanded output status and field answerback status mismatch.

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Tagname Tag comment
Mode Alarm sts
Manipulated variable
Process variable Switch Label

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5.3 Typical 106 (SI-2) Status input with two input 5.3.1 Signal Flow Diagram
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5.3.2
The function of this loop is to indicate the valve/device status. This loop is applicable for ON/OFF valve. This loop has a two digital input open & close or On and Off. There are different types of SI blocks depending on the number of inputs SI-2 will be having 2 inputs likewise SI-1 will be having only one input. The selection of the SIO blocks will be made based on the requirement. 5.3.3 Special Block Function
SI-x block is used to change the digital input status which is connected to the function block. The operator is only able to view the digital input status from the SI-2 block faceplate displayed on PCS/PSD HMI open or close status. This type of block is used only for indicating the status from field and no operator action is possible on this faceplate, however calibration mode is available depending on the user who is operating it.

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5.4 Typical 110 (MC-2) PUMP indication 5.4.1 Signal Flow Diagram
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5.4.2
The Motor Control Blocks MC-2 is applied to operate motor-driven pumps and motor-operated valves. This block may be used to start or stop motors from operation and monitoring functions or to control them automatically. 5.4.3 Special Block Function
MC-x block TAG110 is used to change the motor status. The block also integrates the answerback signal from field. It provides alarm processing such as the answerback check so as to generate alarm when the commanded output status and field answerback status mismatch. Running hours and number of stops can be calculated and recorded. Note 1: This block also handles the interlock trip and thermal trip signals. If there is any trip condition or interlock condition to the pump which are coming in as DI from the field then the same signal will be directly wired to TT and IL terminals respectively. When multiple trip conditions are present then all the trips will be taken to a soft tag Pumptag_IL / Pumptag_TT and this tag will be wired to the respective terminals.

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Tagname Tag comment Mode Alarm sts
Process variable
Manipulated variable Switch Label

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5.5 Typical 111 (MC-2) PUMP with current indication 5.5.1 Signal Flow Diagram
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5.5.2
The Motor Control Blocks MC-2 is applied to operate motor-driven pumps and motor-operated valves. This block may be used to start or stop motors from operation and monitoring functions or to control them automatically. The current indication is connected to the FB terminal to display current value on the faceplate. This block is used for configuring the ESP pump. 5.5.3 Special Block Function
MC-x block TAG110 is used to change the motor status. The block also integrates the answerback signal from field. It provides alarm processing such as the answerback check so as to generate alarm when the commanded output status and field answerback status mismatch. Running hours and number of stops can be calculated and recorded. Note 1: This block also handles the interlock trip and thermal trip signals. If there is any trip condition or interlock condition to the pump which are coming in as DI from the field then the same signal will be directly wired to TT and IL terminals respectively. When multiple trip conditions are present then all the trips will be taken to a soft tag Pumptag_IL / Pumptag_TT and this tag will be wired to the respective terminals. This block has FB terminal this is used when the feedback terminal (FB) in the motor control block is connected to analog input modules or other function blocks. The feedback signal often indicates the connected filed equipment status such as the openness of a motor-operated valve. Here the current indication for the motor is connected to the FB terminal.

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Tagname Tag comment Mode Alarm sts Current indication
Process variable
Manipulated variable Switch Label Current indication

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5.6 5.6.1 Typical 112 Duty-Stby Pump Control With Start/Stop Facility From PCS/PSD Signal Flow Diagram
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5.6.2
In this plant only two pumps configuration is available. This would mean when one of the pump is selected as duty the other pump automatically becomes standby. It has to be noted that there will be separate faceplates for the two pumps, Manual/Auto selection and duty/standby select. 5.6.3 Special Block Function
MC-x block TAG112A/B is used to change the motor status. The block also integrates the answerback signal from field. It provides alarm processing such as the answerback check so as to generate alarm when the commanded output status and field answerback status mismatch. Running hours and number of stops can be calculated and recorded. Note 1: This block also handles the interlock trip and thermal trip signals.

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If there is any trip condition or interlock condition to the pump which are coming in as DI from the field then the same signal will be directly wired to TT and IL terminals respectively. When multiple trip conditions are present then all the trips will be taken to a soft tag Pumptag_IL / Pumptag_TT and this tag will be wired to the respective terminals. 5.6.4 Duty Select Faceplate
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6.
SPECIAL FUNCTIONAL BLOCKS
This section describes the other commonly used function blocks. They are used mainly for configuring complex loops, logics, interlocks etc... 6.1 Calculation Block The calculation block is used to execute general-purpose calculation processing such as arithmetic calculation, analogue calculation and logic operation for values that are input to function blocks in order to supplement regulatory control and sequence control. The calculation block is classified into the arithmetic calculation block, analogue calculation block, logic operation block, general-purpose calculation block and calculation auxiliary block. All calculation blocks are provided with the following three processing functions Input processing: Receive the signal from the input terminal and convert the signal into the calculation input value (RV). Calculation processing: Read the calculation input value (RV) and perform calculation processing then output the result as calculated output value (CPV). Output processing: Read the calculated output value (CPV) and output the calculation result as an output signal to the connected destination of the output terminal. The calculation blocks can handle the different types of data like floating-point, double-precision floating point, integer and character string. Types of calculation blocks According to the data type and calculation processing capability, the calculation function blocks are classified into arithmetic calculation blocks, analogue calculation blocks, general-purpose calculation blocks and calculation auxiliary blocks. 6.1.1 Arithmetic Calculation Block

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6.1.2
Analogue Calculation Block
6.1.3
General-Purpose Calculation Block
The General-Purpose Calculation Block (CALCU) is a function block that executes pre-defined calculation algorithms. Calculation algorithms are defined using the general-purpose calculation expression description language. The calculation block with string I/O (CALCU-C) has the same function as the general-purpose calculation block (CALCU), but the former has I/O terminals that can handle string data and a part of the I/O data is used only for string data. The general-purpose calculation expression description language is similar to writing expressions or equations in a high level programming language. It supports branching statements

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like IF-THEN and GOTO statements. Calls can be made to a built in functions that are available like Square root, exponent, natural logarithm etc.
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The figure below shows an example of Temp and Pressure Correction implemented in a general purpose Calculation block.

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6.1.4 Auxiliary Calculation Block
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6.2 Sequence Control Block The sequence control is a type of control that processes each stage of control sequentially according to the predefined conditions and order. The sequence control block is a function block that executes sequence control. The sequence control block is classified into the following: Sequence table block Logic chart block SFC block Switch instrument block Sequence auxiliary block Valve monitor block The blocks commonly used in complex loops are described below. 6.2.1 Sequence Table Block
The conditions and operations are arranged in the table format and specific which operation is performed by the combination of conditions. This is suitable for the description of all sequences such as the parallel operation, interlock operation and sequence operation.

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Sequence Table Block (ST16, ST16E) is a decision table type function block that describes the relationship between input signal and output signal in a Y/N (yes/no) fashion. By making sequence connection with other function blocks, they control the monitoring of processing and phase step sequences.
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The basic logical circuit figure for the AND and OR commands is described in the sequence table as shown in the following figure.

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Sequence tables have to be specified with the execution type and the phase. There are two kinds of execution types, continuous where the output actions are repeated in every execution cycle while in the conditional type the output actions are carried out only upon a change in the condition state. A screen shot of a sequence table from the system is as below.

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6.2.2
Logic Chart Block
In a logic chart block, the conditions and operations are listed, and the combination of conditions with the logic operators corresponding to the logic requirement may manipulate the operation signals. This block can be used as the description of an interlock sequence control or a logic chart. The input and output connections can be set by entering the connection information and data description on the client area of the logic chart editing window. The logic chart is described with combinations of logic elements or gates such as AND, OR, NOT, SR-FF, DELAY, ONE SHOT, WIPE OUT and COMPARATORS etc. The figure below shows an example of a Logic chart, with inputs connected to logic elements and outputs driven from the logic elements.

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A screen shot of a logic chart from the system is as below.

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RESHADAT RENOVATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

Iranian Offshore Oil Company

FUNC.DESIGNSPEC PCS/PSD LOOPS/LOGICS/SEQUENCE RSHIN0001ZZZSP619

DOCUMENT TITLE VENDOR NAME PACAKGE DESCRIPTION P.O.NUMBER

Issued for comments Description

Vendors/ Suppliers Name

RESHADAT RENOVATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

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FUNC.DESIGNSPEC PCS/PSD LOOPS/LOGICS/SEQUENCE REVISION RECORD SHEET

RESHADAT RENOVATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

Iranian Offshore Oil Company

FUNC.DESIGNSPEC PCS/PSD LOOPS/LOGICS/SEQUENCE

78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104

RESHADAT RENOVATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

Iranian Offshore Oil Company

FUNC.DESIGNSPEC PCS/PSD LOOPS/LOGICS/SEQUENCE RSHIN0001ZZZSP619

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................... 10

PCS/PSD Common Control Functions and Configuration Guidelines ............ 14

2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5

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2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.4

2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 2.4.5 2.5 2.6 2.7

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Iranian Offshore Oil Company

Process Control Loop Implementation General ................................................ 44

Typical Analog Loop Specifications................................................................... 46

4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.3

4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3 4.3.4 4.4

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4.5.1 4.5.2 4.5.3 4.6

4.6.1 4.6.2 4.6.3 4.7

4.7.1 4.7.2 4.7.3 4.8

4.8.1 4.8.2 4.8.3 4.9

4.9.1 4.9.2 4.9.3 4.9.4

Typical Digital Loop Specifications.................................................................... 67

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5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.3

5.3.1 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.3.4 5.4

5.4.1 5.4.2 5.4.3 5.4.4 5.5

5.5.1 5.5.2 5.5.3 5.5.4 5.6

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Special Functional Blocks................................................................................... 80

RESHADAT RENOVATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

Iranian Offshore Oil Company

FUNC.DESIGNSPEC PCS/PSD LOOPS/LOGICS/SEQUENCE RSHIN0001ZZZSP619

1.1. Purpose of This Document

1.2. How the Document Is Organized

RESHADAT RENOVATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

Iranian Offshore Oil Company

FUNC.DESIGNSPEC PCS/PSD LOOPS/LOGICS/SEQUENCE RSHIN0001ZZZSP619

1.3. Acronyms & Abbreviations

RESHADAT RENOVATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

Iranian Offshore Oil Company

FUNC.DESIGNSPEC PCS/PSD LOOPS/LOGICS/SEQUENCE

RESHADAT RENOVATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

Iranian Offshore Oil Company

FUNC.DESIGNSPEC PCS/PSD LOOPS/LOGICS/SEQUENCE RSHIN0001ZZZSP619