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http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030664712
OXFORD PLATES AND LETTERPRESS PRINTED AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS BY HORACE HART M.A.
BRONZE RELIEFS
PROM
B.C. 860-825
L.
W. KING,
M.A., LiTT.D.
LONDON
FEINTED BY OEDER OF THE TRUSTEES
SOLD AT THE BRITISH MUSEUM, AND BY LONGMANS & CO., 39 Pateknosteb Row BERNARD QUARITCH, 11 Geafton Street, New Bond Steeet, W. ASHER & CO., 10 Bedfoed Steeet, Covent Gaeden
;
Peess,
Amen Coenee,
E.C.
1915
[All rights reserved]
PREFACE
volume THE hammered
present
contains a complete reproduction in collotype of
pair
the
860-825.
it
also
included
reproductions
of
two
made by Ashur-nasir-pal, from whom Shalmaneser inherited the palace. The scenes upon these larger gates illustrate the principal incidents of
a series of campaigns which were conducted by Shalmaneser during the
thirteen years of his reign, and the scenes
first
Nimrud
(the Calah of
dispatched to
London and
by experts and
sale.
In
late
Museum
sent the
Mr. Hormuzd Rassam to M6sul to continue their excavations at Kuyunjik. Whilst there he acquired for the Trustees the bronze reliefs published herein,
as well as a stone altar,
coffer contaim'ng
two
inscribed stone
tablets of Ashur-nasir-pal.
city of Imgur-B^l,
Therefore
it
commemorated the building of the and the founding of the Temple of Makhir within it. was believed that the bronze gates came from the doorway of
tablets
that temple.
in the
stories,
were found
mound
When
was
in
was
in Assyria in
1888
in the
was not
until I
visit
Mesopotamia on
insignificant
my third Mission in
I
was able to
Balawat.
found
could
have
contained
an Assyrian temple.
In
1901
PREFACE
W. King
was sent to Assyria to examine Assyrian
sites,
Mr. L.
including
report he
official
'
Gates of Balawat
when
became necessary
to examine
In the
course of this
smaller gates at
This fact
as a temple.
Therefore
we must conclude
is still
problematical, and that the place where the bronze reliefs published herein
The importance
reproductions of
them should be
The
green-tinted
The Bronze Ornaments from the Palace Gates of Balawat', London 1880-1902, were made from plaster
casts
much
restored,
The
direct
been reduced a
is
little less
now
apparent.
Full descriptions of the bronze reUefs are given in the Introduction, and
short labels have been printed
on the Plates to
A com-
been given.
W-
Department.
E. A.
WALLIS BUDGE.
CONTENTS
PAGE
PREFACE
INTRODUCTION
5 9
17
THE GATE-INSCRIPTION
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES
21
PI-ATES
b. c.
.
COLLOTYPE PLATES:
Band Band Band Band
Band
I.
Campaign
in in
Armenia, 860
I-VI
II.
Campaign
Campaign
Campaign
Armenia (continued)
859
b. c. b. c.
VII-XII
III.
in Phoenicia, in
XIII-XVIII
IV.
XIX-XXIV
V.
VI.
Campaign
in
XXV-XXX
XXXI-XXXVI
XXXVII-XLII
XLIII-XLVII
XLVIII-LIII
Band
Band
Campaign
in
VII.
Campaign
in in
Band
VIII.
Campaign
Campaign
in Syria
(Hamath), 854
b. c.
LIV-LIX
Campaign
in
b.
LX-LXV
LXVI-LXXI LXXII-LXXVII
Campaign
in
b. c.
b. c.
Campaign
in Syria
(Hamath), 849
APPENDIX
Band
Band
I.
LXXVIII
II.
LXXIX,
LXXX
INTRODUCTION
THE formed
said to
I-LXXVII,
work They are
mound
bronze was sent to this country, and, after his return to Mosul in 1877,
Hormuzd Rassam
well as portions of the other bronze fittings of the gates, for the British
Museum. sent by a
VIII
Ten
dealer in
;
Paris,
purchased them
(see PI.
who Band
XLIIl).
Twenty other
pieces,
were acquired
now
M.
le
one of these also restores a further portion of Comte Louis de Boisgelin Band VIII. And there are two separate fragments in the Museum at But all these are comparatively small fragments, and, with Constantinople.'' the exception of those from Band VIII (see above), are apparently from
^
^
Cf.
Rassam,
45
p. 11
PI.
reliefs,
reproduced
8
half-scale,
and the
ii,
inscription-fragment,
PI.
28
(bis),
No.
and Unger,
Zum
Bronzetor
von Balawat,
^
p.
f.,
PI.
size
four
Nos. 2-6.
also to have remained
Cf.
Unger,
op.
cit.,
p. 9, PI. II.
in
10
Museum, on
thirteen nearly complete bands, and other bronze fittings, as well as parts of
the bronze coverings of a pair of smaller gates, of which specimens are given
as an
Appendix on Plates
in the palace
LXXVIII-LXXX.
it is
now
were
up
by Shalmaneser's
in
From
skill
a study of
them
will
be seen
made
interval.
A
^
series
of photographs of the
bands from the larger gates was published by the Society of Biblical Archaeology from a partly restored plaster cast
;
of gates in the present volume have been taken direct from the bronze
measured about 6
ft.
in
width and
in height.
cedar,
and the
1
8 in. in
diameter, the lower end of which projected below the bottom of the door
in a stone socket.
The
collars
top.
Across the
attached shaft the bronze bands were nailed, separated from each other by
The metal
made
is
only about
in. in
bound the edge of each door from top to bottom. Upon each = was engraved in duplicate.
accept the tradition that the two pairs of gates were found
15
f.
we may
See below,
p.
The Bronze Ornaments of the Palace Gates of Balazvat; Introductions by Samuel Birch and Walter de Grey Birch descriptions, &c., by T. G. Pinches (1880-1902). A later study of the gates has been published by Billerbeck and Delitzsch, Die Palasttore Salmanassars II aits Balawat, in the Beitriige zur Assyriologie, Bd. VI, Heft 1 (1908) and has been supplemented by linger, Zum Bronzetor von Balawat (1912).
^
;
See below, p. 17
ff.
INTRODUCTION
together, their difference in size
11
may perhaps
closed the outer and the inner opening of a double gateway, such as has been
found in the
Anu
at Ashur.^
in
up had been
inherited
by Shalmaneser from
reliefs,
his father,
who had
The
leaving his
son to complete the decoration of the pair which closed the outer entrance.
fact that
we may now
^
set
up
as
a royal palace
by
all
who have
it
visited Balawat.
That
so
mound
that
good
discovery.^
The
scenes
upon the
entirely to
some
ft.
in length
in height.
On
two
registers
with rosettes.
The beaded
circle of
each rosette
nails,
is
stamped
in the
bronze
around each
nail-hole, the
heads of the
The
process
the
first
reliefs
engraved in outline on the bronze, which was then bedded face down-
it
simple task for the engraver to mould the figures by hammering out the
bronze as
it
its
yielding bed.
little, if
any,
touching up with a graver after the figures had been rendered in relief. That
this
is
clear
from the
Cf.
48
fF.
Indeed, the gates need not have been found with Ashur-nasir-pal's coffer and tablet
Budge and King, Annals, p. 167 f., n. 2); they may have been found at Nimrud and The afterwards buried by their discoverers in the neighbouring mound of Balawat. provenance of the stone coffer and tablet remains even more uncertain. B 2
(cf.
12
two
figures
on Plate XXI.
On
For the
indented, which would not have been the case had they been engraved at
by the
Of the
six
left.
is
Of
the remaining
The
Museum
table gives the subject of each band, the date of the expedition represented,
relating to
it
Band.
INTRODUCTION
Band.
13
14
who
raises
one hand and points to them, thus separating them from the Assyrian Court
officials at
of the most interesting features of the engraving consists in the attempt at portraying different ethnic types and national costumes among the
One
and tributary peoples represented on the monument. These may be classified into three main groups, the Western, the Northern, and the Southern,
captives
Under the
first
and largest of
may be mentioned
;
Band VI
IX
and XIII
tribes
Band
III
V (Lower
I
Register),
Band
V.
The Gusians
of
settled in the
presented closer
Armenian
Register)
;
highlands,
who
are portrayed
on Bands
I, II,
the Gilzanians,
who occupied
;
Lake Urmiah,
Kulisi, in the
Band VIII
'
neighbourhood of the
on
Band X.
The
third, or
Chaldeans of Bit-Dakuri,
who
are depicted
on Band XI.
The engraving of the bands from the larger gates has not been carried out by a single hand. To the principal engraver may be assigned Bands I-III, V-VII, and IX-XI. Any one who will examine the style and workmanship
of these nine bands will at once recognize that Bands IV, VIII, XII, and
XIII are not his work. Of these, by far the least skilful is Band VIII, with its awkward figures, its tumble-down cities, and its perfunctory lozenge-work. In the size and treatment of its figures Band IV resembles Band VIII, but
the work
is
far
more
and
its
engraver,
when not
INTRODUCTION
originality.
15
XXIII,
XX with
or
its
representation
mound.
XIII may be
classified
Band XIII
by
far the
more advanced
in treatment.
From
it is
The
realistic
remarkable in
LXXII, as
on
LXXIV.
The
work
as that
on Band Vlll
is
easily explicable.
less
finished bands
were evidently
feet
above eye-
finish to the
labour.
the
dis-
So
want of
skill,
the great height of these figures was most careseen from below, they should range with the
when
of normal proportions.^
On
this
Plates
LXXVIII-LXXX
A complete publication
of
monument
The two bands here selected may be made out, as the result of
the
from the
first
inscription
on Band
I,
which begins,
like so
many
of
It
is
in chronological order.
reliefs
little, if
any, reference to
16
The
subjects
relate to
on most of them
attempted.
will
Like the scenes themselves, the inscriptions be decipherable when further cleaning has been
in. in
Each door
width, the
flat
ft.
4|
in.,
while the
in
cylindrical shaft to
which
are
it
diameter.
The bands
from 6|
to 7
in. in
a single register between plain bands, edged with line-borders and rosettes,
as in the larger gates of Shalmaneser.
At
above
each nail-head.
Of
ground
is
by projecting
The
the bands varies, and the technique and composition are not so advanced as
on Shalmaneser's gates.
It
may
world.
King of
of Assyria, the son of Tukulti-Ninib, King of the world. King of] Assyria,
the strong hero,
who
world
all
(2)
no pardon,
who
conquers rebellion
to whose hand
who
],
crushes
in
(3)
those
mighty flood
(who
who
not opposition
humbled themselves
(6)
the
powerful.
At
great lord,
uttered
my name
sceptre,
had entrusted to
the great lord,
all
my hand, and I was proceeding with the help of Ashur, my lord, and of the god that loves my priesthood, and when
(2)
he had
all
placed within
peop[les
my grasp
J,
I,
who
and
over against
it
(?),
its
whole extent,
became)
like a
mound
left
by the deluge.
(3)
Forty-four thousand,
away from
their lands,
].
and
as in-
habitants of
I
my own
land I coun[ted
them
In
My
lordly splendour
I
my
fashioned
/. e..
Lake Van.
/. e..
Lake Urmiah.
c
/. e.,
the Mediterranean.
18 a great image of
my lordliness, and I set it up beside the image of Ankhirbe. ravaged, I burned with fire (4) The cities beside my path 1 destroyed, I I washed my weapons in the Great I marched to the Great Sea ] [ The tribute of all the kings (5) of the Sea, I offered sacrifices to my gods. the I fashioned a great image of my lordliness, and sea-coast I received.
;
I inscribed thereon,
and
I set it
up
(6)
From the land of Enzi to the land of Dai^ni, from of Tumme, from Tumme to) Arsashkun I conquered.
I
captured, I destroyed,
burned with
fire.
While
I tarried in
Aramu, the
and he summoned
all his
troops together.
To wage war
his soldiers,
I defeated him, I
smote
With
life
the
(2)
I filled
His battle-equipment,
chargers
To
save his
he
From
;
roared over
them
the terror of
my
rule I brought
Urartu.
Akhuni, the son of Adini, who from the time of the kings,
had established dominion and power, at the beginning of
I
fathers, (4)
my my
his
reign
hewed down
;
plantations.
To
Shitamrat, a
from heaven,
after him, I
(5)
he made
his
went down
of the mountain.
My
warriors
Seventeen thousand,
five
hundred of
Akhuni with
;
took into
brought them to
counted them.
Col. IV,
(1)
my
city of
Ashur
with the
It is
bitdti.
"
I. e.,
Babvlonia.
19
They
Marduk-
shum-iddina sent
(2) his
Shalmaneser, the strong, the terrible, whose help is Ninib, took the road to march to Akkad he gave the command. To the city of Zaban I drew nigh
,^
sacrifices before
Adad,
my
I departed
drew
nigh.
The
drew
slew
its
From M-tumat
nigh.
I departed,
and to the
Gannanate
(4)
Marduk-b#l-usate, the
go, to
usurping king,
of the
way he should
I
wage
his
war and
I
battle
against me.
His crops
his
hewed down
plantations
dammed up
(6)
canal.
On
1
eponymy
I crossed the
Upper
The
From
Lakhiri
and to the
city of
Gannanate
drew
nigh.
To
the mountain
his stronghold.
I
the city of
Arman
(2)
he took as
Gannanate
I captured
went
up
I
him
it
;
I
its
stormed the
captured
its spoil.
who were
with him,
his
I left
After Marduk-shum-iddina
the mighty King, had seen
had conquered
the fulfilment of his desires, he reverenced the word of the great lord
Marduk.
Babylon.
march to
He
arrived at Cuthah, the city of the hero of the gods, (5) the
humbly
prostrated himself
gifts.
and he presented
he gave rich
He
life.
entered
(6)
He
went up
^
King of All.
in Assyrian
uncommon
royal inscriptions.
C 2
20
In the presence of B^l and BIlit he appeared cast down with fear
directed [his] steps.
Col. VI,
(1)
as
he
His exalted
set in
sacrifice, his
he
abundance.
his
pure offering.
He
(?),
Borsippa, the city of the hero of the gods, the exalted son
desjtinies
the
He
humbled
himself,
and
in the presence of
Mighty oxen,
manner
(4)
Babylon and Borsippa, the servants under the protection of the great gods,
he made a feast and he gave them bread and wine, he clothed them in
brightly coloured garments,
gifts
(5)
he presented them.
After the great gods had looked with joy upon Shalmaneser, the mighty King, the King of Assyria, had
of his heart and
,
his
departed from
Bakani, the
went down.
To
The
city I stormed,
I captured,
many
of
its
inhabitants I slew
their
heavy
spoil, their
oxen and
fire.
burned with
From Bakani
Enzudi,
(7)
I departed, I crossed
As
Dakuri, fear
his
silver, gold,
and iv]ory
the sea, I received the
While
tarried
near
(8)
(?)
tribute of lakini.
of Ukani,
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES
PLATES
BAND
Texts
:
1-VI.
I.
CAMPAIGN
^
IN
ARMENIA,
my
860
b.c.
The
f.)
reads
'
I set
up an
made
offerings to
gods.'
That on
the field of
reads
'
Arame
of Urartu.'
These two events, the dedication of the royal image near Lake Van and the capture of
Sugunia, were the most striking episodes in Shalmaneser's Armenian campaign of 860
b.c.
Obv.,
11.
in it the
capture of Sugunia precedes the dedication of the rock-image, which commemorated the
successful completion of the
campaign
'
From Khubushkia I departed, and to Sugunia, The city I stormed, I captured their numerous
;
its spoil
I carried off.
A pile of heads
it,
Fourteen
cities,
burned with
From Sugunia
the sea
;
I departed
sacrifices to
and
washed
in
my gods.
At that
time
made an image
made
my
lord,
wrote thereon.
Beside the
Upper Register
tlie
shore of
Lake Van.
The
king's
it
image
(PI. I)
was carved
in
placing
soldier,
upon four rows of lozenges, intended conventionally to represent mountains. standing on a rock near the image, is throwing the legs of an ox, dismembered
as a sacrificial victim, into the lake, where they are being seized
the deep
and a water-pot.
is
wearing the conical head-dress with the small peak, the mark of royalty,
pouring out
a libation.
He
is
The
bulls
This
closed
I.e.,
Lake Van.
22
in the hills
The
and
register
(PI.
cavalry,
which
is
the
Lower Register:
(PI. Ill) is
The
in
city
of Sugunia
The
soldiers
engaged
who
the garrison.
fortified
and a
circular
camp.
In the rightj half of the register (PI. III-VI) prisoners from the captured
officer.
They
consist of boys,
youths, and
status of the
still
The
warriors
is
shown by the
wearing.
PLATES
BAND
Texts
of 860
:
VII-XII.
IN ARMENIA, 860
it,
II.
CAMPAIGN
b. c.
That
is
:
which precedes
refers to the
Armenian campaign
VII
f.)
B. c.
certain from the inscription in the field of the upper register (PI.
which reads
the
'
Smiting of
It
may be taken
to illustrate
cities,
(cf.
Monolith-
Inscription, Obv.,
Upper Register
The sack and burning of an Urartian its massive walls and towers.
city.
The
city
(PL VIII)
is
It stands in
a position of
natural strength
among
the mountains, and in the plain below Assyrian soldiers are hewing
down
its
date-plantations.
its
An
f.),
and some of
towers.
IX-XI
and others on foot are slaughtering Urartians with bow and sword, while
Plate
XI
f fresh Urartian troops are seen advancing into battle from the mountains.
:
Lower Register
is
city.
it is
The
city (PI.
IX)
still
Half of
represented as
On
Plates
VII-IX
Plate VII
Urartian
warriors
Assyrian cavalry.
With
X-XII,
cp.
Band
(PL IV
f.,
lower register).
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES
23
PLATES
BAND
Texts
:
XIII-XVIII.
IN PHOENICIA, 859
upper register
(PI.
III.
CAMPAIGN
men
Col.
b.c.
The
XIII
f.)
reads
'
The
That
XVI)
gates,
reads:
city of Khazazu.'
The Great
on
the
3-5,
refers
to this
Shalmaneser received 'the tribute of the kings of the sea-coast', and that he made
sacrifices
set
sea.i
:
This account
may
Rev.,
11.
5-7 read
'
To
The upper
[cities]
of the land of
Western
Sea, I
overwhelmed
like
mounds
On
triumph.'
Three
lines
lower
down Shalmaneser
[went down
I captured.
he sacked,
].
The
cities
of Taia, Khazazu,
Nulla,
Two
fighting-men
slew
Uppee Register
fortified city of
The
its
tribute
On
the
left
of Plate XIII
is
is
the
Tyre, on
Tribute
being carried
in
across to the mainland in boats, which, as they near the shore, are
drawn
with ropes
They
by
porters,
who wade up
to their knees
into the sea, and wear shoulder-pads very like those in use in Syrian ports at the present
day.
Bales of goods, bronze cauldrons^ trays perhaps containing ivory, and other objects of
value (PI.
XIII
f.)
XV).
All the
Phoenicians wear pointed skull-caps, those of the better class having turban-cloths rolled
tightly
round them.
(PI.
XV- XVIII)
chariots, cavalry,
and infantry
Lower Register
artificial
mound,
is
The capture of Khazazu. The city of Khazazu, built upon a tell or shown on Plate XVI. On one side its assault by Assyrian sappers and
:
archers
capture.
is
town proclaim
The
is
portrayed on Plate
XVII
f.
On
The
Plates
XIV-XVI
chariot
is
rows of male and female captives are being led before the king.
royal
camp
(PI.
XIII
f.).
' See above, p. 18. This image was in addition to that which, as the text relates, he sculptured in the Lebanon beside that of Ankhirhe.
24
CAMPAIGN
in
IN
NORTHERN
SYRIA, 858
b.c.
the
field
XIX
f.)
reads:
The smiting
The lower
register has
no
inscription,
but
The
capture of Dabigu,
of Til-Barsip,
is
lS-18, as follows:
'In
my
my
and Dikhnunu
him
shut him
up
in [his city].
its
From
Til-Barsip I departed
on
rafts
of
Euphrates in
time of flood.
The
cities
of
a]ga,
Tagi[
J,
Surunu, Paripa, Til-Bashere and Dabigu, six strongholds of Akhuni, the son of
I slew
two hundred
fire.'
cities,
I destroyed, I
ravaged, I burned
11.
with
is
'
32-35, Dabigu
its
recorded,
a
;
testimony to
cities
importance
my
the
I crossed
the Euphrates in
time of
and Dabigu, a
it,
with the
cities
which were
round about
I captured.'
:
Uppee Register
by a double
line of
city
of Dabigu.
The
is
city of
Dabigu, protected
XXI-XXIV).
Shalmaneser
is
shown
in Plate
XX,
line
of investment.
XIX
f.
Lower Register
on a
city.
The king
XX
f.),
very like to that in the upper register, with the addition of beehive
wheeled battering-ram.
(PI.
The attack is being delivered by archers, sappers, and a sixWithin sight of the walls are a number, of impaled captives
the
king
are
chariots
advancing from
an
Assyrian
camp
(PI.
XIX
f.).
On
Plates
XXII-XXIV
a saddle-mule and two dromedaries, are being conducted towards another city in Assyrian
occupation (PI,
XXIV).
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES
25
PLATES XXV-XXX.
BAND
Texts
.
V.
CAMPAIGN
on the
IN
field
NORTHERN
SYRIA, 858
b.c.
The
inscription
XXVIII)
II,
11.
reads
Un[ki]ans.''
21-4, as
From Ea[
silver,
one thousand vessels of bronze, one thousand garments of brightly coloured cloth and linen, his daughter [.,..] with her rich dowry, twenty talents of purple cloth, five hundred
oxen and
five
hundred
sheep,'
The
may
the
his
daughter to Shalmaneser
{see
above)
or
it
may perhaps
portray the tribute of Khaianu, the son of Gabbari, who dwelt at the foot of Mt. Araanus,
and, as we learn from the Monolith, Rev.,
11.
Uppee Registee
The
tribute
of
the Unkians.
From two
Syrian
cities,
standing on
XXV
XXVIII);
it
includes bronze
'
mountain-
lozenges
'),
(PI.
XXIX
f.)
XXX).
Above
On
is
fortified city,
ferry-boats
on the Euphrates,
floating down-stream.
a flight of birds,
probably duck.
Lower Register Reception hy Shalmaneser of a Syrian princess, with tribute. The Syrian princess, the small figure in shoes with points turned up
:
her dowry
(PI.
and
XX\1II),
and
is
officials
is
before Shalmaneser,
who
a pavilion in which a
feast
prepared (PI.
XXIX).
On
Plate
XXIX
f.
chariots
continued on Plate
fortified city.
The
and
XXV-XXVII).
26
PLATES XXXI-XXXVI.
BAND
Texts:
'
VI.
CAMPAIGN
IN
NORTHERN
SYRIA, 858
b,c.
The
register (PI.
XXXII
it is
f.)
reads:
The
and there
is
no doubt that
to be taken as
in the course
The Monolith
LI. 18
relates
how Shalmaneser
11.
him
(11.
27-9).
ff.
read
'
From Dabigu
departed and to
stormed,
off.
ff.
Sazabe, a
I
the city I
captured
their
numerous fighting-men
it I
I slew
as prisoners I carried
fire.'
The
read
:
LI.
27
From Sangara
silver,
thirty talents of bronze, one hundred talents of iron, twenty talents of purple cloth, five
hundred weapons,
his
five
five
thousand sheep.
One maneh of
(as tribute),
two
upon him
them from
him.'
Upper Registee
and
The
tribute
of Sangara of Carchemish.
Shalmaneser, followed by
military attendants, stands before a royal pavilion, in which wine and food are laid out,
receives
(PI.
;
XXXV).
On
this
Assyrian
officials
vessels,
and
f.
sacks, others bear great tusks of ivory and heavy bronze cauldrons.
XXXII
f.
is
On
Plate
;
XXXI
further
may be
intended
may
Carchemish
pavilion
itself.
On
Plate
XXXV
f.
chariot.
LowEE Register:
tribute.
and
being led by
Assyrian
XXXIV).
The
may be noted
XXXIII), and
river (PI.
XXXVI).
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES
27
PLATES XXXVII-XLII.
BAND
Texts
'
:
VII.
CAMPAIGN
IN ARMENIA, 857
b.c.
The
XXXVIII-XL)
reads
The
city of
That
Gilzani.'
(PI.
1.
XL)
reads:
1.
'The
tribute of the
men of
47-54
The
5-Col. Ill,
3, refers to
Its record
may be supplemented
'From Daiaene
I
I departed
drew nigh.
my
my
terrible onslaught
went up into the mountain after him and fought a mighty battle
midst
of the mountains.
sword
I rained destruction
upon them
like the
Storm-god.
;
With
their blood I
dyed the
mountain
I took his
Arramu, to save
I
his
life,
my manhood
burned with
like
a wild
turned into
destroyed,
I ravaged, I
I piled
his city-gate.
Some
The
and
'
Lake Van)]
I departed
his sons,
drew nigh to the land of Gilzani. Asau, King of Gilzani, with his brethren and
Royal
[
j,
came
out to me.
horses broken to the yoke, oxen, sheep, wine, (and) seven two-
humped
The Black
Obelisk,
11.
following brief summary, in which the subjects of both registers are referred to
'
The
lands
and
The
register,
11.
59-60
broken, only a few words at the beginnings and ends of lines being preserved.
Upper Register:
city
of Arame,
the Urartian.
Assyrian
while
XXXIX),
who advance
into battle
XXXVII-XXXIX).
^
See above,
17
f.
D 2
28
Lower Registek
present to
(PI.
The
is
tribute
XL),
XXXIX),
and sheep
(PI.
XXXVII
f.).
double-walled city
of Gilzani, standing on high ground above a river, shuts in the register on the left
(PI.
XXXVII).
On
XLI
f.),
PLATES XLIII-XLVII.
BAND
Texts
:
VIII.
CAMPAIGN
IN
NORTH-EAST MESOPOTAMIA,
:
855
b.c.
The
'
The lower
register has
no inscription, but
is
obvious
that
its
same event.
given in the
following brief
Obelisk,
52-4
I
'
my
reign
the strongholds
captured
up
from him.'
Inscription,
66-7,
tallies
gives the
of Ankhiti,
the Shubrian.
Shalmaneser,
The
is
city,
with
is
built
and occupied
its
outermost fortifications
XLIV).
side (PI.
:
XLV-XLVII).
The capture of Uburi,
is
Lower Register
continued.
The Assyrian
besieging force,
The apparently
with which
fixed to
XLIV, bears a strong resemblance to Uburi in the upper register, may probably be identified. Its capture is indicated by the rows of heads one of its tall towers. From it male and female prisoners are being led under
it
is
armed
left
partly restored, in the lower register, from two fragments not in the
(cf.
Unger,
Tafel
I).
officers
to head- quarters,
XLIII.
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES
29
PLATES
BAND
Texts
Plate
'
:
XLVIII-LIII.
IN SYRIA (HAMATH), 854
in the field of the
' ;
IX.
CAMPAIGN
b.c.
upper
register.
The
one,
on
XLIX
reads
'
The
^
city of
Parg^ I captured
f.,
reads
Ad^
a city of Urkhileni
The
'
The Monolith,
Rev.,
11.
Hamath and
'
From Aleppo
His
From Argand
Karkara,
burned with
Irkhuleni's allies,
brought with
'
aid, to
With
the exalted forces, which the lord Ashur had bestowed, with
the mighty weapons which Nergal had presented, I fought with them and from Karkara up
to Gilzau I defeated them.
numerous troops
ravines
flow
down the
;
of the
There was
destruction
With
dammed
put at 20,500.
The
Bull-Inscriploss
is
put at
25,000 men.
concluding
: '
The
pursuit
is
also stated to
;
sea,
the passage
To
embarked
in ships, I
of the
sea.'
:
Upper Register
The
capture of the
cities
The two
scenes in the register are divided from each other by the Assyrian camp on Plate LI.
To
is
being
fiercely
makes a breach
horses
On
XLVIII
f.
and
down
is
the warriors of
Hamath
:
at the gallop.
On
and
The name
King
of
Hamath
on
this
band
as Urkhileni
Band XIII
D 3
30
Plate LII f. similar scenes are portrayed at the assault upon Ada, another city of Irkhuleni,
and Shalmaneser
shown
gaining access to the city by means of ladders planted against the walls.
LowEE Register
of Karkara
is
city
of Karkara.
officers
On
Plate
XLVIH
f.
the city
seen
in
neighbouring plantation of
Plate
On
is
f.
captives
and
spoil
Shalmaneser, who
Behind the pavilion the royal chariot and escort are drawn
(PI. LIII).
is
closed
PLATES LIV-LIX.
BAND
Texts
both
:
X.
853
is
b.c.
Though
no inscription
upper
register, it
clear that
same expedition.
The
LV
f.)
reads:
That
same
register
LVIII
f.)
reads
'
my
The Black
Obelisk,
11.
expedition
Til-abni.
'
my
round about
it,
I captured.
I cleansed the
my
mighty image of
my
11.
my
and
my
deeds of
there.'
valour, all I
had accomplished
I set it
up
The
Bull-Inscription,
It supplies
and, after the record of the sacrifices at the head of the Tigris,
adds
(1.
77)
'
The
cities
Upper Register
to
Shalmaneser ; and
sacrificial scene.
The
An
and chariots
(PI.
LIV-LVI) forms an
escort to a
its
body of
who
whom
members kneel
and
kiss the
ground.
is
escort of chariots
in
and infantry
LVIII
f.).
The
LIX),
to be
is
occupied with a
which
is
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES
31
taken as forming part of the ceremonial at the source of the Tigris, the principal incidents of which are portrayed in the flat portion of the lower register (see below).
Lower Register
camp
Plate
(PI.
The capture of
Kulisi
and
of
the
Tigris.
Shalmaneser, accompanied by an infantry escort, advances in his chariot from the Assyrian
LIV
f.)
and
is
is
On
LVI
the city
seen in flames,
or impaled.
The
flat
LVII-LIX)
hills
Shalmaneser at the natural tunnel in the limestone one of the head-streams of the Tigris, flows in
infantry, cavalry,
its
upper course.
An
Assyrian force of
f.).
left
The
body-guard on
it
emerges into
bull
is
men
The
trees,
which appear
:
to be growing in the stream and protruding from the openings, explain the convention
at
a point near
its
fallen in,
still
look
down on to
the stream from above through a wide opening, on the steep sides of which brushwood and
small trees have found a footing.
register.
The
sacrificial scene in
the
Upper Register
LIX) is
a neighbouring
the valley,
is
represented
conventionally by disks.
PLATES LX-LXV.
BAND
Texts
:
XI.
CAMPAIGN
IN
SOUTHERN BABYLONIA,
LXI
The
851
b.c.
The
f.),
which
is
to be
'
The
1.
1-Col. VI,
8, refers to this
campaign and
Babylonia, offered sacrifices in Babylon and Borsippa, and then marched southwards and
received the tribute of the Chaldeans.^
1
11.
I.e., of Bit-Dakuri, a
'
Dakurian
"
32
account of the march into Chaldea and the events which preceded
of
my
King of Karduniash,
his
younger brother,
avenge
(i. e.,
Marduk-bel-usate, revolted
To
assist)
Marduk-shum-iddina
marched
my
reign I marched to
Akkad
a second time
besieged Gananate.
As
for
Marduk-bellife
to save his
I pursued him,
made
The
Chaldea
Terror of
11.
my
The
Bull-Inscription,
march
'
The portion of the text (11. 82-4), which relates to the went down to Chaldea, I conquered their cities. To the sea,
The
tribute of Adini, son of Dakuri, (and) of
silver,
which they
Marratu,^ I marched.
gold,
received in
Upper Register
from his chariot,
The
tribute
receives
LXII).
As on other bands,
officials.
infantry,
and
LX
f.).
In the curved part of the band Dakurians are seen bearing tribute from
it in
their city
and ferrying
LXIII-LXV).
The
tribute includes
small vessels, possibly ivory borne on a tray, bronze cauldrons, bales of goods, and a heavy
object carried on the shoulders of two porters, perhaps a trunk of ushu-wood.
Lower Register
(PI.
(PI.
The
tribute
of the Chaldeans.
Shalmaneser,
who has
left
camp with
LX
f.)
the head of the column, which has already crossed, meets some Chaldeans
LXII).
The
city,
while
departure from the walls (PI. LXIII). Beyond the city a high Assyrian
seated on a carved stool, watches the collection of bronze vessels and other tribute
LXIV). The
register
is
closed
'
'
The
Bitter Water,'
i.
e.,
its salt
water.
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES
33
PLATES LXVl-LXXI.
BAND
Texts
city of
'[
:
XII.
CAMPAIGN
IN
NORTHERN
SYRIA, 850
b.c.
The
I
LXIX)
reads
'
ArnS, the
reads
1.
'
Arame,
captured.'
That
LXX)
:
Obelisk,
85
f.,
In the
tenth year of
my
of Sangara
city,
of Carchemish I conquered.
together with a hundred of
To
the
cities
of
Arame
drew nigh
its cities,
I captured.'
The
Bull-Inscription,
It
is
84-7, gives
a parallel account, with a few variants in the conventional phraseology. the lower register refers to events of this campaign (see below) but it
;
probable that
may
possibly depict
episodes in the Syrian campaign of the following year, 849 b.c, in the course of which cities
of
Arame were
captured.
The
Bull-Inscription,
1.
90
f.,
reads
'
my
I crossed
the Euphrates in
cities
time of
one hundred
of
Arame
I captured,
(cf.
I destroyed, I devasted, I
burned with
fire.'
After describing
the Bull-Inscription,
94
f.,
continues
'
On my
:
The capture of Arne, the royal city of Arame. The city, the walls of which are defended by bowmen, is shown on PI. LXIX it is being attacked on both sides by Assyrian archers, some of whom are in chariots (PI. LXVI-LXVIII, and LXIX;
Upper Register
LXXI), under
register
LXX).
LXIX-LXXI).
register
is
The
LowEK Register
two
The conquest of
The
divided into
camp on PL LXIX.
escort
is
LXVI-
and
flocks,
name of which
is
of
whom
W^ounded warriors
from the
(PL
LXIX-LXXI).
To
judge
34
XIII.
849
b. c.
The
inscription
upper register
(PI.
LXXII-LXXIV),
Obelisk,
11.
'
Ashtamaku,
cities, I
captured'.
The Black
87-88,
In the
b. c.
eleventh year of
my
reign I crossed the Euphrates for the ninth time and captured cities
without number.
I captured.'
To
cities
The
The
Bull-Inscription, after
Band XII),
continues in
cities
91
f.
'
The
flank of
I crossed over
of
Hamath
went down.
captured
Upper Registee
Tlie capture
;
cities
of Hamath.
The
Each
the
first
camp on
Plate
LXXIII, the
LXXV.
LXXII
f.
being Ashtamaku,
Two
damaged
They
are pursued
by Assyrian
chariots
and
cavalry,
who
Ashtamaku
is still
The
LXXV),
which
is
sur-
rounded by
LXXIV),
in the first of
which
is
the King.
The
and
of surrender,
women
by a
legitimate convention the engraver has represented the whole of this episode
as taking place
upon the
wall.
Lower Register:
Hamath.
Shalmaneser''s reception
city
of
The King
(PI.
left
camp
(PI.
chariot
and stands
personal attendants and body-guard, while the ruler of the city does obeisance at his feet.
The
LXXIV-LXXVII),
is
taken up with
files
captives, chariots.
who
are
The
city
Hamath,
since its
APPENDIX
THE GATES OF ASHUR-NASIR-PAL (PLATES
LXXVIII-LXXX).
PLATE LXXVIII.
BAND
I.
Texts
The
field
and above
][^
his chariot
t^JJJ ^]*- J ^~
'
Ar
I]f
K^ I KK V'
*""
Tf
V^ ^
TH
King of
of Assyria.'
captives
[
TTiat which
is
who
are introducing
into
the
J,
'
^ ^J ^J ^
[
*'^J]
].'
It should be noted
who
raises
The
fragments above, engraved %vith a raised hand, and the heads of two horses, as well as the
detached piece of border below, were incorrectly affixed by the original restorer of the
bronze and do not actually form parts of the band.
Registee
who
are introducing
The
line of captives
was
engraved on the curved portion of the band, which encircled the cylindrical shaft of the
door, but
is
now
entirely wanting.
36
The
text,
field
-^TH
Register
city,
:
]<<<ir
J^imtEll 4i-TTU^^T.
is
]-
The
defenders,
women watch the battle from the walls. Other defenders fall in their flight before chariots. The scene is closed on the right by a third Assyrian chariot advancing to
attack.
the
the
it.
It will
be noticed
shown
in composition
and
often
shown
in producing a rich
This character
is
than the
size
is
of the originals.
the ratio
is
approximately 1 0-54.
:
PLATE
PLATE
>
J
._^
5
sc
= r5
P S
"o
c C
-5
c3
Kl
B^
J 8 m
PLATE
VICTIMS FOR SACRIFICE;
II
AND ARCHERS
PLATE
II
n
>~.
O
a
be
o CO
CO
S
Ph
<1
c3 01
Q
C^
cC
ci
> D
PLATE
III
ASSYRIAN CHARIOTS CROSSING THE ARMENIAN MOUNTAINS AND THE CAPTURE OF SUGUNIA
PLATE
III
PLATE
IV
PLATE IV
TS
PLATE V
ASSYRIAN CAVALRY AND INFANTRY; AND CAPTIVES FROM SUGUNIA
PLATE V
PLATE
VI
PLATE VI
PLATE
VII
PLATE
VII
PLATE
VIII
PLATE
VIII
PLATE IX
SLAUGHTER OF URARTIANS
THEIR CITIES
PLATE IX
PLATE X
PLATE
"
.rt
PLATE XI
URARTIANS ADVANCING INTO BATTLE; AND DISPOSAL OF
CAPTIVES
PLATE XI
=^
PLATE XII
URARTIANS ADVANCING INTO BATTLE; ASSYRIAN OFFICER
PLATE XII
c
CO
?;
1?
O
p
<1
(^
(^
PLATE
XIII
PLATE XIII
PLATE XIV
TRIBUTE FROM TYRE AND SIDON
;
KHAZAZU
PLATE XIV
02
1^
o
O
O
-2
O
CO
3
N c^ N
03
O
"^
J
s
fl
w o W
.3
O >
Pi
PLATE XV
PLATE XV
PLATE XVI
ASSYRIAN CHAKIOTS IN PHOENICIA; AND THE STORMING OF KHAZAZU
PLATE XVI
<>-
PLATE XVII
ASSYRIAN CHARIOTS AND CAVALRY; AND SLAUGHTER OF
PLATE XVII
S o
o
PLATE
XVIII
FROM KHAZAZU
PLATE XVIII
"t:
Q;
PLATE XIX
ASSYRIAN INFANTRY, CHARIOTS, AND FORTIFIED CAMP
PLATE XJX
PLATE XX
SHALMANESER
IN CAMP,
PLATE
XX
PLATE XXI
PLATE XXI
to
g o
PLATE XXII
ASSYRIAN ARCHERS AND CHARIOTS; AND YOKED CAPTIVES UNDER ESCORT
PLATE XXII
PLATE XXIII
ASSYRIAN ARCHERS AND CHARIOTS; FEMALE CAPTIVES, MULE, AND DROMEDARIES ON THE MARCH
PLATE XXIII
s s
'I
CO
PLATE XXIV
ASSYRIAN CHARIOTS AND ARCHERS; TRAIN OF CAPTIVES AND SPOIL APPROACHING A CITY IN SYRIA
PLATE XXIV
o
&c
so
o
fq
o
-d
CO
p
ft
m
0)
H M S O
'^
*
a.
I
2;
o >
<)
00
ft
.2
&
PLATE XXV
TRIBUTE OF THE UNKIANS AND OF A PRINCE OF SYRIA
PLATE XXV
PLATE XXVI
TRIBUTE OF THE UNKIANS AND OF A PRINCE OF SYRIA
PLATE XXVI
53
PLATE XXVII
PLATE XXVIII
SHALMANESER RECEIVING TRIBUTE FROM THE UNKIANS AND THE DAUGHTER OF A SYRIAN PRINCE
PLATE XXVIII
13
PLATE XXIX THE ROYAL CHARIOT AND ESCORT, AND THE ROYAL
PAVILION
PLATE XXIX
o o
PLATE XXX
ASSYRIAN CAMP ON A RIVER IN SYRIA; AND ASSYRIAN CHARIOTS AND INFANTRY
PLATE
XXX
rJ2
O
o
>.
00 CO
cS
-3
fa
ffl
e M O
s-"
a.
I
!5
t>
.s
42
^^
Q^
ft?
to
PLATE XXXI
A TRIBUTARY
CITY OF CARCHEMISH,
AND TRIBUTE OF
KING SANGAR
PLATE XXXI
'^
PLATE XXXII
TRIBUTE OF KING SANGAR AND THE CITY OF CARCHEMISH
PLATE XXXII
IS
.:^
PLATE
XXXm
PLATE
XXX III
-TS
jSi
PLATE XXXIV
SANGAR, KING OF CARCHEMISH, PRESENTING HIS DAUGHTER TO SHALMANESER
PLATE XXXIV
PLATE XXXV
SHALMANESER RECEIVING THE TRIBUTE OF SANGAR, KING OF CARCHEMISH; THE ROYAL PAVILION, CHARIOT AND ESCORT^
PLATE XXXV
o
"o
ac
CO
=4-1
+="
.o
PLATE XXXVI
ASSYRIAN CHARIOTS AND INFANTRY; AND ASSYRIAN CAMP BY A RIVER
PLATE XXXVI
iJ*f
ff*-.
Mt
Pfet
ft
Wi
!>j
m m
.c3
t>
Xi
!>5
o o
.S
CO
3a
'^J
}M
<1
#J
E>
,J
.u\
K^
PLATE XXXVII
URARTIANS ADVANCING INTO BATTLE AND A CITY IN THE LAND OF GILZANI
;
PLATE XXXVII
PLATE XXXVIII
PLATE XXXVI
PLATE XXXIX
PLATE XXXIX
I
J
PLATE XL
SLAUGHTER OF URARTIANS
PLATE XL
e3
TS
o
t3
t3
c3
1~ 00
PLATE XLI
PLATE XLI
PLATE XLII
PLATE XLTT
<0
-a
t3
a *
1
CO
g o i
p
o
<]
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PLATE XLIII
PLATE XLIV
SHUBRIANS
PLATE XLIV
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PLATE XLV
ASSYRIAN ARCHERS IN CHARIOTS; AND CAPTIVE SHU BRIANS UNDER ESCORT
PLATE XLV
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PLATE XLVI
ASSYRIAN ARCHERS IN CHARIOTS AND CAPTIVE SHUBRIANS UNDER ESCORT
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PLATE XLVI
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ASSYRIAN ARCHERS IN CHARIOTS; ARRIVAL OF SHUBRIAN CAPTIVES UNDER ESCORT
PLATE XL VII
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PLATE XL VII
AND ASSYRIAN
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PLATE XLVIII
PLATE XLIX SLAUGHTER OF THE MEN OF HAMATH; AND THE BURNING OF KARKARA
PLATE XLIX
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ASSYRIAN ARCHERS AND FORTIFIED CAMP; SPOIL FROM THE CITY OF KARKARA
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PLATE
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ASSYRIAN INFANTRY AND CAVALRY; SHALMANESER LEAVING CAMP IN HIS CHARIOT
PLATE LIV
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PLATE LV
ASSYRIAN CHARIOTS, INFANTRY AND CAVALRY SHALMANESER RECEIVING NEWS OF THE FALL OF KULISI
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AN ASSYRIAN ESCORT OF CHARIOTS; THE BURNING OF KULISI AND THE IMPALING AND MUTILATION
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INHABITANTS
PLATE LVJ
PLATE
LVII
SHALMANESER RECEIVING THE SUBMISSION OF A LOCAL CHIEF; THE ROYAL ESCORT AT THE SOURCE OF THE TIGRIS
PLATE LVJI
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THE ROYAL CHARIOT AND ESCORT; SHALMANESER ON HORSEBACK AT THE SOURCE OF THE TIGRIS
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SACRIFICIAL SCENE IN THE MOUNTAINS; THE CARVING OF
PLATE LIX
PLATE LX
ASSYRIAN CAVALRY AND INFANTRY CROSSING A STREAM AND LEAVING CAMP
PLATE LX
PLATE LXI
ASSYRIAN CHARIOTS IN A DATE-PLANTATION; SHALMANESER AND HIS ESCORT APPROACHING A BRIDGE OF BOATS
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PLATE LXV
PLATE LXVI
ASSYRIAN INFANTRY AND CHARIOT SYRIAN CAPTIVES UNDER MILITARY ESCORT
;
PLATE LXVI
PLATE LXVII
ASSYRIAN ARCHERS AND CHARIOTS CATTLE AND CAPTIVES UNDER ESCORT
;
PLATE LXVII
PLATE LXVIII
ASSYRIAN ARCHERS AND CHARIOT; FLOCKS AND CATTLE BEING DRIVEN INTO CAMP
PLATE LXVni
PLATE LXIX
PLATE LXIX
PLATE LXX
ASSYRIAN ARCHERS AND CHARIOTS; ATTACK ON A CITY IN SYRIA
PLATE LXX
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ASSYRIAN CHARIOTS AND ARCHERS IN BATTLE; AND THE ASSYRIAN CAMP
PLATE LXXI
PLATE LXXII
PURSUIT OF THE CHARIOTS OF HAMATH; ASSYRIAN CHARIOTS AND HORSEMEN LEAVING CAMP
PLATE LXXII
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PLATE LXXIII
PLATE LXXIV
SHALMANESER LEADING HIS CHARIOTS TO THE ATTACK; AND CAPTIVES UNDER MILITARY ESCORT
PLATE LXXIV
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ASSAULT ON A CITY IN HAMATH ASSYRIAN CHARIOTS IN ACTION AND ESCORTING PRISONERS
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PLATE LXXV
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ASSYRIAN CHARIOTS AND ARCHERS; CAPTIVES FROM HAMATH UNDER MILITARY ESCORT
PLATE hXXVl
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PLATE LXXVII
SURRENDER OF AN AGED RULER IN HAMATH; AND CAPTIVES MARCHING UNDER MILITARY ESCORT
PLATE LXXVII
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APPENDIX
THE GATES OF ASHURNASIEPAL
PLATE LXXVIII
ASHUR-NASIR-PAL RECEIVING CAPTIVES FROM THE CITY OF ELIPI
PLATE LXXVriT
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Continuation of Register
officials
who
led the
Oates of Ashur-nasir-pal.
British t^useum.
Photo.
PLATE LXXIX
PLATE LXXIX
Band
II.
Continuation of Register
sortie
from a city
of Bit-Iakhiri.
Gates of Ashur-nasir-jmL
PLATE LXXX
Band
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{continued).
Continuation of Register
Right eml of Register
:
sortie
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of Bit-Iakhiri.
i
Oates of Ashur-iioiir-pal.
scale
Bfiiiah
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