Manual Asce 111 Postes

ASCEManualandReportsofEngineering
Practice111
Practice111
ReliabilityBasedDesignof
UtilityPoleStructures
Birmingham,Alabama
October15,2006
ShortCourseCoordinatedby:
Dr.H.J.Dagher
Dagher,P.E.
hd@umit.maine.edu
hd@umit.maine.edu
OrderfromASCEwebsite:
https://
https://www.asce.org/bookstore/book.cfm?book
www.asce.org/bookstore/book.cfm?book=6366
=6366
10/15/06
ASCEManual111Workshop
SessionOutline
u
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1:00Overviewofcourse
1:05 UtilityPerspective
1:15NESCHistory
1:35RBDMethodology
(Dr.H.Dagher
Dagher,P.E.,5minutes)
(MikeVoda
Voda,P.E.,10minutes)
(NelsonBingel
Bingel,P.E.,20minutes)
(Dr.H.Dagher
Dagher,P.E.35minutes)
2:10Break(15minutes)
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2:25ReliabilityCalibration (MichaelVoda
Voda,P.E.,25minutes)
2:45Loads
(Dr.JerryWong,P.E.20minutes)
3:05NominalResistance (Dr.H.Dagher
Dagher,P.E.,25minutes)
3:35Breakrefreshmentsserved
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3:50DesignExamples
(15minutes)
(RonRandle,P.E.,70minutes)
5:00adjourn
Earnsatotalof3.5
PDH'sASCEManual111Workshop
Pleasesignformonceinbackofroom!
Pleasesignformonceinbackofroom!
10/15/06
ThankYouCommitteeMembers!
u
u Dr.JerryWong
FPL
u
Hydro1
u MagdiIshac
u
IUSI
u BrianLacoursiere
u
AISI
u CamilleRubeiz
u
u Dr.JamesDavidson Shakespeare
u
Newmark
u WesOliphant
u
DukeEnergy
u DavidWest
u
HMRollins
u MartinRollins
u
ElectricalConsultants
u GaryBowles
u
OutsideCons.
u LarrySlavin
u
BCHydro
u AlecZoltoochin
BCHydro
10/15/06
TheUtilityPerspective
presentedby
presentedby
MichaelVoda,P.E. PrincipalCivilEngineer
SaltRiverProject
SaltRiverProject
10/15/06
RBD?
Wedon
Wedontneedno
stink
stinknRBD!
RBD!
10/15/06
u
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TheNESChasbeeninusedfordesign
foranumberofyears
Thiscodeisnotintendedasadesign
specificationorasaninstruction
manual.
manual.
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ButItworks
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Whydoweneedsomethingnew?
10/15/06
Challenge#1
NESCLoadsOldMethod
OldMethod::
DifferentLoadDependingOnPoleMaterial
DifferentLoadDependingOnPoleMaterial
Economicalengineeredalternativestowood
areavailable.
areavailable.
Differentfactoredloadsdependingon
materialofpole.
ofpole.
Doactualwindandiceloadsvaryifthepole
materialisdifferent?
materialisdifferent?
10/15/06
Challenge#2
NESCStrength:
NESCStrength: DefinedDifferentlyDepending
OnPoleMaterial
OnPoleMaterial
Naturalwoodpolesuse
Naturalwoodpolesusemeanstrength
meanstrength
Engineeredmaterialsuse
Engineeredmaterialsuseminimum
strength
strength
Whatisthe
Whatistherelativemeasure
relativemeasureofstrengthto
insureequivalentreliabilityacrossmaterials?
insureequivalentreliabilityacrossmaterials?
10/15/06
Challenge#3
LoadingOnDistributionPoles:
Poles:
Historically,designcontrolledbyclearances
Historically,designcontrolledbyclearances
notloads.
notloads.
PolesareloadinguptoNESClimitswith
communications
communicationshowisreliabilityimpacted?
howisreliabilityimpacted?
NESCLoadDistricts:Loadboundariesfollow
follow
political
politicalboundaries>>
boundaries>>
10/15/06
10
WeatherRelatedLoads
u
u
Dotheydifferacross
Dotheydifferacrosspolitical
politicalboundaries???
boundaries???
10/15/06
11
Needs
u
u
u
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LoadDefinition
Amethodofdefininglineloadingthatisindependentof
thematerialusedforthesupportingstructure.
Weatherloadsthatreflectactualmeasuredeventsto
insureconsistentstructuralreliabilityacrossthe
country.
NominalPoleStrength
Aconsistentmethodforcomparingrelativestrengthsof
polesmadeofdifferingmaterials.
Amethodthatwillresultinsimilarstructuralreliability
acrossthevariousmaterials
acrossthevariousmaterials
10/15/06
12
Next:
Next:
NESC
AHistoricalPerspective
presentedby
NelsonBingelVP
VPEngineering
OsmoseUtilitiesServices
OsmoseUtilitiesServices
10/15/06
13
13
10/15/06
14
14
10/15/06
15
15
NationalElectricalSafetyCode
10/15/06
16
Section1.
Introductiontothe
010.Purpose
Thepurposeoftheserulesisthepracticalsafeguardingofpersons
duringtheinstallation,operation,ormaintenanceofelectricsupply
andcommunicationlinesandassociatedequipment.
Theserulescontainthebasicprovisionsthatareconsidered
necessaryforthesafetyofemployeesandthepublicunderthe
specifiedconditions.Thiscodeisnotintendedasadesign
specificationorasaninstructionmanual.
10/15/06
17
Section1.
Introductiontothe
010.Purpose
10/15/06
18
Section1.
Introductiontothe
010.Purpose
10/15/06
19
Section1.
Introductiontothe
010.Purpose
10/15/06
20
safetyofemployeesandthepublic
underthespecifiedconditions.
10/15/06
21
NESCEditions
u
u 1914
FirstEdition
u
u 1916+
2nd Edition,3rd Edition
u
u 1926
4th Edition
u
u 1948
5th Edition
u
u 1962
6th Edition
u
u 1977,1980,1984
u
u 1987,1990,1993,1997,2002
1987,1990,1993,1997,2002
10/15/06
22
NESCLoads,LF&SF
WoodLF
Editon
SteelLF
WoodSF
B
SteelSF
B
4th
8psf 8psf 12psf
5th
4psf 4psf
9psf
2.54
2.2
0.25
0.5
1977
4psf 4psf
9psf
2.5
2.2
1987
4psf 4psf
9psf
2.5
1.75
2.5
2.2
0.65
0.85
2002
4psf 4psf
9psf
2.5
1.75
2.5
1.75
0.65
0.85
10/15/06
0.439 0.658 0.788 0.909
23
TRANSVERSE
LO
NG
IN
T
UD
IN
AL
V
E
R
T
I
C
A
L
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24
ANSI O5.1
2ft
Lc
Applied
BendingLoad=Lc x D(ft
D(ftlb)
lb)
D
Class14,500lb
Class23,700lb
Class33,000lb
Class42,400lb
Class51,900lb
Class51,900lb
10/15/06
25
ANSI O5.1
Lc
k x
BendingCapacity=
fiberstrength x C3 (ft
(ftlb)
Tension(psi)
10/15/06
Compression(psi)
FiberStrength
26
ANSIO5.1
Lcc
Bending =
Capacity
10/15/06
k x fiberstrength x C3 (ft
(ftlb)
27
DeterministicLoads
NESC
RADIALICEONCONDUCTOR
Light MediumHeavy
HEAVY
Ice
(radialthickness)
0" .25" .5"
MEDIUM
LIGHT
lb
Wind 9lb 4
4lb
(persq.ft.)
HAWAIILIGHT
ALASKAHEAVY
10/15/06
28
28
DeterministicLoads
NESC
Light Medium
Heavy
HEAVY
Ice
(radialthickness)
0" .25" .5"
MEDIUM
LIGHT
Wind 9lb 4lb 4lb

(persq.ft.)
HAWAIILIGHT
ALASKAHEAVY
10/15/06
29
29
DeterministicLoads
NESC
Light Medium
Heavy
HEAVY
Ice
(radialthickness)
0" .25" .5"
MEDIUM
LIGHT
Wind 9lb 4lb 4lb

(persq.ft.)
HAWAIILIGHT
ALASKAHEAVY
10/15/06
30
30
WorkingLoad
WorkingLoad
4 lb.
Transverse
Wind
.25
ICE
Medium Loading District
10/15/06
31
31
Durability
Gradeof
Construction
NESC
10/15/06
32
GRADEB
ANSIO5.1
NESC
900 lb
Working Load
Class 1
Class 2
Class 3
Class 4
Class 5
x4
=3600lb
10/15/06
4500 lb
3700 lb
3000 lb
2400 lb
1900 lb
33
33
GRADEC
ANSIO5.1
NESC
900 lb
Working Load
Class 1
Class 2
Class 3
Class 4
Class 5
x2
=1800lb
10/15/06
4500 lb
3700 lb
3000 lb
2400 lb
1900 lb
34
34
NESCLoads,LF&SF
WoodLF
Editon
SteelLF
WoodSF
B
SteelSF
B
4th
8psf 8psf 12psf
5th
4psf 4psf
9psf
2.54
2.2
0.25
0.5
1977
4psf 4psf
9psf
2.5
2.2
1987
4psf 4psf
9psf
2.5
1.75
2.5
2.2
0.65
0.85
2002
4psf 4psf
9psf
2.5
1.75
2.5
1.75
0.65
0.85
10/15/06
0.439 0.658 0.788 0.909
35
LRFD
LRFD
Load Resistance Factored Design
Load * Factor < Resistance * Factor
(Strength)
10/15/06
36
36
Standardvs.Alternate
OverloadFactors
OverloadFactors
OverloadStrength
Factor
Factor
WoodB
WoodC
10/15/06
2.50
1.75
.65
.85
Alternate
Method
= 3.85
= 2.06
4.0
2.0
37
37
GRADEB
900 lb
Working Load
Class 1
Class 2
Class 3
Class 4
Class 5
x4
=3600lb
10/15/06
4500 lb
3700 lb
3000 lb
2400 lb
1900 lb
38
38
LRFD
LRFD
(Strength)
900 lb * 2.5
2250 lb
10/15/06
<
3700 lb
<
* .65
2405 lb
39
39
LRFD
LRFD
(Strength)
10/15/06
40
40
LRFD
Reliability
ReliabilityBased

(Strength)
LoadRP <5%LEL
LEL
10/15/06
41
41
10/15/06
42
42
10/15/06
43
43
Next:
Next:
RBDMethodology
RBDMethodology
presentedby
presentedby
Dr.H.J.Dagher,P.E.
Director,AdvancedStructuresand
CompositesLaboratory
UniversityofMaine
ObjectiveofTalk
Describeworkof
ASCE/SEICommitteeonPoleRBD
ASCE/SEICommitteeonPoleRBD
Oct00
Oct00present
present
10/15/06
45
CommitteeCharter
Write:
ASCE/SEIManualofEngineeringPractice:
StructuralReliabilityBasedDesign
ofUtilityPoles
Goal:
Goal:
Achieverelativelyconsistentstructural
reliabilitiesacrossmaterials&locations
reliabilitiesacrossmaterials&locations
10/15/06
46
18ActiveCommitteeMembers
Producers(wood,steel,concrete,FRP)
u
u Universityfaculty
u
u Utilityengineers
u
u 8meetings
2
23dayseach
over1.5yrs
over1.5yrs
Regularconferencecalls
Regularconferencecalls
u
u
10/15/06
47
OfficialCommitteeRoster(27)
Aichinger,Richard
Bingel,Nelson
Bowles,Gary
Brewer,WilliamA.
Costa,Richard
Dagher,Habib
Davidson,James
Slavin,Larry
Fouad,Fouad
Garcia,MichaelC.
Goodwin,Tip
Gromala,David
Ishac,Magdi
10/15/06
ValmontIndustries
Osmose,Inc.
ElectricalConsultants
RochesterGasand
ElectricCo.
NationalGrid
UMaine
Shakespeare
OCS
UofAlabamaBirm.
TampaElectricCo.
Entergy
Weyerhaeuser
Hydro1NetworksInc.
Lacoursiere,Brian
Martirossian,Robert
Moritz,Terence
Oliphant,Wes
Randle,Ron
Rollins,Martin
Rubeiz,Camile
Snyder,Dan
Vandergriend,Larry
Voda,Michael
West,David
Wolfe,Ron
Wong,Jerry
Zolotoochin,Alec
IUSI
PEPCO
ArizonaPublicServiceCo.
NewmarkInternational,Inc.
EDM
H.M.Rollins
AISI
AISI
HughesBrothers
SaltRiverProject
DukeEnergy
ForestProductsLab
FloridaPower&Light
BCHydro
48
Outline
1. WhywastheRBDCommitteeformed?
2. WhatisRBD?
3. Areallstrengthguidescreatedequal?
4. Whatistheprobabilityoffailureofa
poleandwhyshouldwecare?
5. Whatisreliabilitycalibration?
6. OutlineofPoleRBDManual
7. WhatwillRBDdofortheindustry?
WhatwillRBDdofortheindustry?
10/15/06
49
1.WhywastheASCERBD
CommitteeFormed?
u
u
Poleindustrycontroversies
u
u
NESCfactorsnotreliability
NESCfactorsnotreliabilitybased
u
u
Strengthguidesinconsistent
u
u
Newmaterialscannotbeincluded
u
u
Howmuchfat
fatisthereintoday
isthereintodays
designs?
u
u
Howreliablearetoday
Howreliablearetodaysdesigns?
u
u
ASCE/SEItoprovideguidance
ASCE/SEItoprovideguidance
10/15/06
50
97
97,02&07NESCLoad&StrengthFactors
WindRule250BDistrictloadingNotcrossing
Notcrossing
GradeCLFforsteelreducedin2002
GradeCLFforsteelreducedin2002
Steel
GRADE
GRADE LF
Wood
SF
LF/SF LF
SF
LF/SF
0.65 3.85
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.2
1.75
2.2
1.75
88%
70%
1.75 0.85 2.06
C/B
10/15/06
53%
51
2.WhatisReliability
2.WhatisReliabilityBased
Design(RBD)?
Eachpolehasaprobabilityoffailure
u
u RBDgivesconsistenttargetreliability
u
u Usesmultiplepartialsafetyfactorsrather
thanone
u
u Partialsafetyfactorsdependonloadand
strengthstatistics&targetreliability
strengthstatistics&targetreliability
u
u
10/15/06
52
LRFDversus
Reliability
ReliabilityBasedLRFD?
u
u
LLoadandR
ResistanceFFactorD
Design
R5 >QRP
RP
f Rn >
>S gi Qi
0.9Mn >1.2MDL+1.6MLL
fsand
sandgsjudgementbased,soft
sjudgementbased,soft
calibrated,orreliability
calibrated,orreliabilitybased
based
10/15/06
53
IsitHardertoDesignwithRBD?
u
u
No,youwon
No,youwontneedaPh.D.instatistics!
u
u
Everydaydesigneffortwillbethesame
u
u
Wehavedoneallthehardwork:
TheASCEManualwillprovideloadand
strengthfactors
strengthfactors
10/15/06
54
WillRBDRequireMore
ExpensivePoles?
u
u
No,ontheaverage,designswillbe
equivalenttoNESCgradesBandC
equivalenttoNESCgradesBandC
10/15/06
55
3.AreallStrengthGuidesCreated
Equal?
Equal?
Manual72forsteelpoles
PCIguideforP/Cpoles
ANSI05.1forwoodpoles
10/15/06
56
Strength
u
u
Experiment:Test100identicalpoles
tofailure(cantilevertest)
Mean=averagestrength
STD=standarddeviation
COV
10/15/06
=standarddeviation/mean
IfSTD=20mean=100
COV=20/100=0.2
IfSTD=40mean=200
COV=40/200=0.2
COV=40/200=0.2
57
NominalStrengthRn
u
u
Predictedstrengthusingacode
procedure:
Manual72forsteelpoles
PCIguideforP/Cpoles
10/15/06
58
LowerExclusionLimit(LEL)
1.645STD
Strength
Mean
Mean
5%LEL=5thweakestin100identicalpoles
IfthepoleCOV=20%,then
5%LEL=m1.645(0.2m)
10/15/06
=0.67m
59
NominalStrength
inCurrentDesignGuides?
1.645mV
1.645mV
Strength
Strength
1%LEL
Manual
72?
10/15/06
Mean
5%LEL
Manual
ANSI
72?
05.1?
FRP?
60
WhereistheNominalStrength
inANSI05.1?
Strength
33%LEL
=0.92xMean
SP<50
SP<50
10/15/06
71%LEL
=1.2xMean
SP>50
SP>50
82%LEL
=1.13xMean
DF>50
DF>50
61
ASCEManualRecommendation:
AllStrengthValuesat5%LEL
1.645mV
Strength
5%LEL
5%LEL
5%LEL
PCIP/C
PCIP/C
Manual
72
ANSI05.1
10/15/06
62
StrengthFactor
StrengthFactor f
Manual111LRFDEq
Eq.2.1
.2.1aa
QRP
f Rn >Effectof[1.1DL+
>Effectof[1.1DL+ g Q50 ]
5%LEL
10/15/06
Load
factor
50yearRP 50yearRP
Ice+wind
wind
63
Strengthfactor
Strengthfactorf
COVR
Nominal
Strength
Exclusion
limit,e(%)
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.1
1
2
5
10
10
20
20
50
50
1.01
0.97
0.96
0.94
0.92
0.90
0.87
1.16
1.07
1.04
1.00
0.96
0.92
0.85
1.44
1.23
1.17
1.08
1.00
0.92
0.78
1.71
1.37
1.26
1.12
1.01
.89
.69
10/15/06
64
Example
ConvertWoodPoleStrengthto5%LEL
6,250/8,661=0.80
Strength
ASCEPoleRBD
Manual
Rn =6,250psi
LEL=5%
ANSI05.1
SPPole<50ft
Rn =8,000psi
LEL=32.6%
LEL=32.6%
10/15/06
ANSI05.1AnnexC,
SPPole<50ft
Mean=8,661psi
COV=0.17
65
4.WhatisProbabilityofFailure?
LoadQ
Difficultto
predict
accurately!
Usebeta b
10/15/06
Mean
StrengthR
Mean
Regionwhere
Load>Strength
fRQ[r,q]drdq
66
WhatLoadsareIncludedina
ReliabilityAnalysis?
Fourloadcategories:
u
u CategoryI
CategoryI: Loadproducedbyclimaticphenomena
ice,wind,temperature,combinations
u
u CategoryII:Loadproducedbynatural/accidental
eventsthatcannotbedescribedstatistically
defects,wear,landslides,sabotage,etc.
u
u CategoryIII: Loadsproducedfromconstructionand
maintenanceapplications
u
u CategoryIV: LegislatedLoads
LegislatedLoads
10/15/06
67
Challenges
InEstimatingFailureProbability
u
u
u
u
PoleStrengthPDF
LackoftestdataFRP,P/C
NostandardnominalstrengthequationsforFRPPoles
InterpretationsofANSI05.1?
LoadsPDF
50
50yearWindonIceLoads?
Uncertaintyinwindprofiles<60ft?
60ftexemption(
60ftexemption(ifhighestpartofpoleisbelow60ft,
donotdesignforwindonwires
u
u
Transferfunctionsfromwindspeedtoforce
Shapefactor(dragcoefficient)
Gustresponsefactors
Velocitypressurecoefficient
Velocitypressurecoefficient
10/15/06
68
ConventionalReliabilityIndex
ConventionalReliabilityIndexb
b
LoadQ
StrengthR
mQ
b=
10/15/06
mR
mR mQ
(sR2 +sQ2)0.5
69
5.ReliabilityCalibration?
u
u
u
u
Establishminimumtargetpolereliability:
Howreliablehavedesignsbeenoverthe
past50yearsthatmeetonlyminimum
NESCrequirements?
Developloadfactorstoachievethis
minimumreliability
minimumreliability
10/15/06
70
40ftGradeBSPNESC
NESC77
AnnualProb.Failr.
ExtremeW ind
0.0397 to0.0493
0.0299 to0.0397
0.0201 to0.0299
0.0103 to0.0201
0.0005 to0.0103
10/15/06
71
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(29)
40ftGradeCSPNESC
NESC77
AnnualProb.offailure
ExtremeWind
0.09086 to 0.23112 (12)
0.05722 to 0.09086 (1)
0.05512 to 0.05722 (1)
0.0432 to 0.05512 (1)
0.02687 to 0.0432
(2)
0.02044 to 0.02687 (2)
0.0201 to 0.02044 (1)
0.0196 to 0.0201 (15)
10/15/06
72
HowWereCalibration
ResultsUsed?
u
u
Selectingtargetbetas
u
u
GradeB,GradeC
Whathavewelearnedfromthereliability
calibrations?
Doesreliabilitychangegeographically?
HowreliableisGradeBversusC?
Whatdoesthe60ftexemptionreallydo?
Whatdoesthe60ftexemptionreallydo?
10/15/06
73
LoadFactor
LoadFactorg
f Rn >Effectof[1.1DL+
>Effectof[1.1DL+g Q50]]
Factor g forASCE74Loads
Grade
ExtremeWind
WindForce:1.0
WindForce:0.5*
Ice+Wind
WindForce:1.0
IceThickness:1.0
WindForce:1.0
IceThickness:0.5
* Ifanyportionofthestructureoritssupportedfacilitiesexceeds60ft,Use1
10/15/06
74
6.OutlineofManual111
1.Introduction
2.RBDFormat: LRFDequations,loadand
strengthfactorstoachieverelatively
consistentreliabilitiesacrossmaterials
3.Loads:ASCE7,Manual74
4.Strength: 3methodstoobtainpole
strengthstatistics
Appendices: A
ADesignexamples
B
BExamplestoobtainR
10/15/06
75
7.WhatwillRBDdoforthe
Industry?
Industry?
10/15/06
76
BenefitsofRBD
1.Moreconsistentreliabilitiesacross
materials.
2.Moreconsistentreliabilitiesacross
geographicalregions
3.Opensdoorforusingnewmaterials
4.Uniformdefinitionofnominalstrength
5.DefinesreliabilitylevelsforGradeB&C
DefinesreliabilitylevelsforGradeB&C
10/15/06
77
BenefitsofRBD
6. Allowsutilitiestoselectdesiredreliability
level(whichmaybedifferentfromGrade
BorC)
7. Encouragesmanufacturerstoimprove
theirproductsbyprovidingincentivesfor
smallerCOVsandmorestrengthdata.
8. Bringspolestructuraldesigninlinewith
well
wellestablishedReliability
establishedReliabilityBasedDesign
codessuchasAASHTO,AISC,IEC,the
NDS.
NDS.
10/15/06
78
TheFuture
TyingthePiecesTogether
Loads:
Manual74,NESC
ASCEManual72
steelPole
PCIGuide
ASCEConcretePole
ASCESubstation
Guide
10/15/06
ASCESteel
LatticeStandard
ASCE
RBDStandard
ASCEFRP
PoleGuide
ANSI05.1
WoodPoles
ASCEDistribution
PoleStandard
79
TwoPointstoRemember
NominalStrengthat5%LEL
u
u Sameloadsandloadfactorsforall
materials
materials
u
u
10/15/06
80
Quiz:Whatstrengthshouldweuse?
Whatloadshouldweuse?
StrengthR
LoadQ
mQ
10/15/06
Q50
R5
mR
81
Quiz:Howdoweachieverelatively
consistentreliabilityacross
materialsandlocations?
StrengthR
LoadQ
mQ
10/15/06
R
Q
5
50
mR
82
NextSteps
ASCEManual111Development
Userfeedback
u
u Startworkonsecondeditionin2008
Startworkonsecondeditionin2008
u
u
10/15/06
83
Next:
CalibrationofReliabilityBased
DesignMethod
DesignMethod
presentedby
MichaelVoda,P.E.PrincipalCivilEngineer
SaltRiverProject
SaltRiverProject
RBDCalibration:
RBD
NESC
RBD NESC
10/15/06
85
ReliabilityCalibration
Design240WoodPolesUsingNESC77:
Design960PolesUsingNESC:
40locationsx3types(40,65,70)
40locationsx4types(40',65',70',110')
X2grades
x2Gradesx3Materials
DevelopStrengthPDFs
960poles
960poles
DevelopLoadPDFs
40locations:WindIce+Wind
BestPoleAnalysisTechniques:
Transferfunctions
NonlinearStructuralAnalysis
AnnualProb.ofFailure:Wind,Ice+wind
MonteCarloSimulations
TargetReliabilityLevels
GradeB,GradeC
LoadandStrengthFactorsforRBD
10/15/06
86
DesignPolesPerCurrentPractice
Distribution1
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
10/15/06
40ftpole
3Phase336ACSR
Neutral3/0AAAC
2Communication
250ftspan
LLM
MHDistricts
GradeB&C
87
Distribution2
65ftpole
u
u 556ACSRPhases
u
u 3/0Neutral
u
u 2Communication
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
10/15/06
350ftspan
LLM
MHDistricts
GradeB&C
88
Transmission1
u
u
70ftpole
3/8
3/8steelstatic
795ACSRPhases
2Communication
450ftspan
LLM
MHDistricts&ExtWind
GradeB&C
10/15/06
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
89
NESC1977:GradeC
PoleClass:
LoadDistrict
Light
Medium
Heavy
Dist140ft
Dist265ft
Trans170ft
10/15/06
90
NESC1977:GradeB
PoleClass:
LoadDistrict
Light
Medium
Heavy
Dist140ft
Dist265ft
H2
H1
Trans170ft
H4
H1
H3
10/15/06
91
StrengthPDF
ANSI05.12002
Dist1SYP40ftpoles
mean=8000psi
COV=0.20
mean=
Dist2SYP65ftpoles
mean=8000psi
COV=0.20
mean=
Trans1DF70ftpoles
mean=8000psi
COV=0.20
mean=
NormalDistributionusedforFiberStrength
usedforFiberStrength
10/15/06
92
LoadPDF
u
u Wind
ExtremeTypeIDistribution((Peterka
Peterka,
1998).OnePDFforContinentalUSand
anotherforHurricanezones.
u
u Icewithconcurrentwind
ModifiedParetoDistribution(Jones)
(Jones)
10/15/06
93
CalculateAnnualReliability(
CalculateAnnualReliability(
))
u
u MonteCarloSimulation
u
u 200,000simulationsperpoleperlocation
u
u Results=AnnualProbabilityofFailure(Pf)
P
Pf =No.Failures/No.Simulations
u
u Relationshipbetween
andPf
Pf =
=[[
]
10/15/06
94
MonteCarloSimulation
LoadQ
Mean
10/15/06
StrengthR
Mean
PASS!!
PASS!!
95
LoadQ
Mean
10/15/06
StrengthR
Mean
FAIL!!
FAIL!!
96
Dist.140ftWindGradeB
ReliabilityIndexBeta
4
Heavy
Medium
Light
Light
0 ND
CO
MN
IN
NE
IL
OR
TX
CO
WY
UT
NV
MS
FL
Location
10/15/06
97
4
Heavy
Light
Light
0
10/15/06
Medium
ND
CO
MN
IN
NE
IL
OR
TX
CO
WY
Location
UT
NV
MS
FL
98
Trans.170ftWindGradeB
4
Heavy
Light
Light
0
10/15/06
Medium
ND
CO
MN
IN
NE
IL
OR
TX
CO
WY
Location
UT
NV
MS
FL
99
SelectTarget
3
0
10/15/06
Dist1
Dist2
Trans1
100
EstablishLoadFactor
Pf =1
=1[
]
WhenStrengthR
RP,
WhenStrengthR5 =LoadQ
=LoadQRP
1/RP<Pf <1/2RP
LF=
(ReturnPeriod
Period))
10/15/06
101
ReturnPeriodvsLoadFactor
ExtremeTypeIDistribution
LoadFactor
1.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.5
0.0
0
50
100
200
300
400
ReturnPeriod(yrs)
10/15/06
102
LoadFactor
ExtremeWindGradeB
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
1/RP
10/15/06
1/2RP
103
ExtremeWindGradeB
Selected
2.0
u
u
WindForce
LoadFactor=
LoadFactor=1.0
1.0
u
u
10/15/06
104
Howdoesa1977NESCpolefare
whenevaluatedusingRBD?
u
u
ASCE7WindMap:50yr3secgust
u
u
ASCE74LoadingMethods
u
u
RBDLoadFactor=1.0
WindGradeB
WindGradeB
10/15/06
105
2
Heavy
Medium
Light
Light
Utilization
1.5
0.5
10/15/06
ID
C
O
TN
A
K
U
T
C
A
A
Z
M
S
G
A
N
D
V
T
IA
M
N
SD
M
I
N
E
P
A
M
E
O
R
W
A
Location
106
2.0
Heavy
Medium
Light
Light
Utilization
1.5
1.0
0.5
FL
S
M
N
V
T
U
W
Y
C
O
TX
O
R
IL
N
E
IN
N
M
C
O
N
D
0.0
Location
10/15/06
107
Trans.170ftWindGradeB
2.0
Utilization
Heavy
Medium
Light
Light
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
D
N
10/15/06
IN
E
N
IL
R
O
TX
Location
Y
W
FL
108
RBDLoadFactors:
GradeB
GradeC
ExtremeWindLoad
Factor
1.0
.5(a)
IceThicknessFactor
1.0
.5
ConcurrentWindLoad
Factor
1.0
1.0
(a) For Poles/wires with any portion greater

than60ftaboveground,use1.0
10/15/06
109
Next:
Loads
Loads
presentedby
Dr.JerryWong,P.E.StaffEngineer,
FloridaPowerandLight
FloridaPowerandLight
Loads& LoadEffects
Section3
u
u LoadTypes(ASCEManual#74)
WeatherRelatedLoads(Reliability)
u
u ExtremeWind,CombinedIceandWind,HighIntensityWind
u
u SpatialInfluences
u
u AlternativeSources
ConstructionandMaintenance(Safety)
FailureContainment (Security)
u
u LoadFactors
LineSystemCharacteristics
ReturnPeriodAdjustments
10/15/06
111
ExtremeWind
Section3.1.1
3secondGustWind
10/15/06
112
ExtremeWind
Section3.1.1
Section3.1.1
u
u AirDensity
u
u BasicWindSpeed
u
u TerrainRoughness
u
u GustResponseFactor
u
u ForceCoefficient
u
u TopographyEffects
u
u StructureandLineCharacteristics
10/15/06
113
ExtremeIceandConcurrentWind
10/15/06
Section3.1.1
Section3.1.1
114
ExtremeIceandConcurrentWind
u
u
u
u
VerticalWeight
IceBuildup
u
u
Section3.1.1
Section3.1.1
ProjectedArea
Forcecoefficient
Tension
10/15/06
HigherTension
UnbalancedTension
FreezingRain
FreezingRain
In
InCloudIcing
CloudIcing
WetSnow
WetSnow
Hoarfrost
Hoarfrost
115
HighIntensityWind
Section3.1.1
From ASCE7
10/15/06
116
HighIntensityWind
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
Section3.1.1
Section3.1.1
ShortLived
RandomlyOccurring
HighIntensity
SmallImpactedArea
ASCE#74recommends, whenjustifiedandrequired,
F2
F2scaletornado(157mph,86%)
10/15/06
117
Loads& LoadEffects
Section3
u
u LoadTypes(ASCEManual#74)
WeatherRelatedLoads(Reliability)
u
u ExtremeWind,CombinedIceandWind,HighIntensityWind
u
u SpatialInfluences
u
u AlternativeSources
ConstructionandMaintenance(Safety)
FailureContainment (Security)
u
u LoadFactors
10/15/06
118
Section3
u
u TransmissionSystem
Coverslargerserviceterritoryandcouldhave
substantialeffectswhensystemisnotavailable
Structuresupportslongerspanandhigherphysical
profileandismoredifficulttorebuildorrepairwhen
damaged
Thestabilityofelectricalgridcouldbedisturbedbya
singleunplannedfailureevent
singleunplannedfailureevent
10/15/06
119
Section3
u
u DistributionSystem
Limitedimpactinarelativelysmallarea
Doesnotneedsignificantresourcestorebuildor
repairwhendamaged
Electricalgridstabilityisnotdependentuponthe
availabilityofoneparticulardistributionstructure
event
event
10/15/06
120
Section3
u
u DistributionSystem
Lowprofilewindturbulenceismoresevereandless
predictable
Impactsforice
Impactsforicecoveredbrokentreebranchesare
moresignificant
Debrisinduceddamagesoccurmoreoftenandmay
carryhigherenergy
FailureContainmentLoadstypicallyNOTconsidered
considered
10/15/06
121
ReturnPeriodAdjustment
Section3.4
Table3.4
Table3.41
ProbabilityofExceedingDesignLoadDuringReferencePeriod
Return
Period
(years)
(years)
Annual
Probability
25
ReferencePeriod,n(years)
1
10
25
50
100
0.040
0.04
0.18
0.34
0.64
0.87
0.98
50
0.020
0.02
0.10
0.18
0.40
0.64
0.87
100
0.010
0.01
0.05
0.10
0.22
0.40
0.64
200
0.005
0.005
0.02
0.05
0.10
0.22
0.39
10/15/06
122
Section3.4
Table3.4
Table3.42ApproximateLoadFactors
(ExtremeWindLoad2%annualProbability)
2%annualProbability)
10/15/06
ReturnPeriod(year)
WindLoadFactor
25
0.85
50
1.00
100
1.15
200
1.30
400
1.45
123
Section3.4
Table3.4
Table3.43ApproximateLoadFactors
(CombinedIceandWindLoad2%annualProbability)
2%annualProbability)
ReturnPeriod(year)
10/15/06
IceThicknessFactor CurrentWindLoadFactor
25
0.80
1.00
50
1.00
1.00
100
1.25
1.00
200
1.50
1.00
400
1.85
1.00
124
Next:
Next:
SinglePoleLRFD
NominalResistance
NominalResistance
presentedby
presentedby
RonWolfeResearchEngineer
USForestProductsLaboratory
NominalResistance(
NominalResistance(Rn)
q
q
q
q
q
q
10/15/06
Definition5%tolerance
Purposeequitablereliability
assessmentacrosspoletypes.
Responsibility
q
q
IndustryAssociations
q
q
individualpoleproduces
individualpoleproduces
126
Objective
q
q
q
q
Discussthreeoptionsfortheevaluationof
nominalresistanceforLRFD(Section4)
Relateoptionstomaterialbeingused
Relateoptionstomaterialbeingused
10/15/06
127
PoleLoadsandBoundary
Conditions
1. Cantileverbending+axial
load
2. Taperedbeam/column
3. Anchoragefixed
4. Centroidofloadvariable
5. Solidsectionforwood
6. Hollowsectionfor
fabricatedpoles
10/15/06
128
PoleStrengthValues
q
q
q
q
TestData
StandardMaterialPropertyTests
Full
FullscalePoleTest
TheoreticallyDerived
10/15/06
SolidWoodANSIstandard:linear
staticanalysisprobabilitytheory
Tubular(Concrete,steel,FRP)vary
withmanufacturer:oftenbasedon
nonlinearFEA.
nonlinearFEA.
129
OptionstoDetermine
NominalResistance
q
q
q
q
q
q
10/15/06
FullScaleTests
MonteCarloSimulationwith
limitedfullscaletests
DefaultValues
DefaultValues
130
FullScaleTests
q Providesreliableestimates
ofmeanstrengthand
strengthvariabilityofwood
poles
q Failurelocationmayvary
withboundaryconditions
10/15/06
131
EmpiricalDerivationofRn
Rn =R(1k*COV)
R=meanstrength
k=factorsdependentonsamplesize
Derivedtogive50%confidencein5%
LTL.
COV=Mean/standarddeviation
10/15/06
132
5%LTL
Rn =R(1k*COV)
SampleSize
10/15/06
k
50%Conf
1.78
k
75%Conf
2.46
40
1.66
1.83
100
1.65
1.76
120
1.65
1.75
200
1.65
1.72
133
Examples,Method1,
50%confidence
Species
MOR
COV
5%LTL
DougFirTreated<50
DougFirTreated<50
8660
8660
17%
17%
143
5
1.649
1.78
6,233
6,039
DougFirTreated>50
DougFirTreated>50
7165
20.6% 120
1.649
5,460
SPTreated<50
SPTreated<50
8660
13.5% 118
1.649
6,732
W.R.Cedar>50
W.R.Cedar>50
5200
19.2% 100
1.650
3,550
FromANSI05.1AnnexC
10/15/06
134
Examples,Method1,
75%confidence
Species
MOR
COV
DougFirTreated<50
DougFirTreated<50
8660
8660
17%
17%
DougFirTreated>50
DougFirTreated>50
7165
SPTreated<50
SPTreated<50
W.R.Cedar>50
W.R.Cedar>50
N
143
5
5%LTL
1.74
2.464
6,098
5,032
20.6% 120
1.75
4,582
8660
13.5% 118
1.75
6,614
5200
19.2% 100
1.76
3,443
FromANSI05.1AnnexC
10/15/06
135
10/15/06
136
TestModelAccuracy
q
Assessmodelsensitivitytoeachvariable
Evaluatecovariancematrixforimportant
variables
q
Verifymodelbytestingextremesof
influencingvariables.
q
EvaluateModelAdjustmentFactor
10/15/06
137
Variableeffectsonstrength
DodecagonalTubes
1.40
1.30
Fcr/Fy
1.20
1.10
1.00
0.90
0.80
test
0.70
1.45Fy(1.00129sqrt(Fy)w/t)
0.60
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Sqrt(Fy)*w/t
FromASCEManualNo72
10/15/06
138
AssessAccuracyofModel
AssessAccuracyofModel
#
#
Fy
tt
Pred
Test
Ratio
((ksi
ksi)
(in)
(in)
((ksi
ksi)
((ksi
ksi)
tst/pred
69.3 8.10 .189
58.3
59
1.01
71.4 7.95 .224
61.7
64.1
1.04
72.1 8.03 .252
63.7
67.0
1.05
70.9 8.04 .311
64.3
66.1
1.03
65.2 8.67 .377
63.9
65.0
1.02
10/15/06
139
EvaluateModelAdjustment
Factor
1.06
1.055
1.05
Ratiopred/test
1.045
1.04
1.035
1.03
1.025
1.02
1.015
1.01
1.005
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Sqrt(Fy)*w /t
10/15/06
140
MonteCarloSimulationResult
MonteCarloSimulationResult
10/15/06
141
Default
1. Pre
Preestablishedvalues(NBS577)
2. Useanalyticalmodeltoestimatemeanandusethe
followingmodeltopredictvariability
VR2 =VM2 +VP2 +VF2 +VO2
M=material,P=model(professional),
F=fabrication,O=othereffects
F=fabrication,O=othereffects
10/15/06
142
Conclusions
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
Empiricalderivationsrequirerepetitivetestingand
analysisfollowingstandardizedprocedures.
MonteCarlosimulationismostappropriatefor
manufacturedpoles.
Defaultvaluesshouldbeconservativelyderivedto
encouragemorerigorousmodeldevelopmentand
testverification.
Timeandexperienceprovidetheultimatetestof
structuralreliability.
structuralreliability.
10/15/06
143
TwoPointstoRemember
u
materials
materials
u
u
10/15/06
144
StrengthR
LoadQ
mQ
10/15/06
Q50
R5
mR
145
StrengthR
LoadQ
mQ
10/15/06
R
Q
5
50
mR
146
Next:
Next:
AppendixB
DesignExamples
presentedby
presentedby
RonRandle EDMInternational
Ft.Collins,Colorado
Ft.Collins,Colorado
DesignExamples
u
u Load
Q
Q
LoadCalculation:
u
u ExtremeWindLoading
u
u CombinedIceandWindLoading
DifferencesinGradesofConstruction
PoleConfigurations
u
u TransmissionPole
u
u DistributionPole
u
u Strength
R
R
PoleMaterials
u
u Wood
u
u Steel
AllExamplesuseEnglishUnits
u
u Concrete
u
u FRP
10/15/06
148
LOAD
10/15/06
149
WindLoadCalculation
F=Q * Kz * (V)2 * G * Cf * A where,
u Q=airdensityfactor
u Kz =velocitypressureexposurecoefficient
u V=3secondgustwindvelocity
u G=gustresponsefactor
u Cf =shapefactor
u A=projectedwindarea
10/15/06
150
LoadDesignExample
u
u Wire:
Linnet
LinnetACSR336.4(26/7)
Dia=0.721
Dia=0.721
Wt=.463#/ft
ConductorHeight:H=60ft
Span=500ft(wind&weight)
u
u Structure:80
Structure:80ftRoundPole(embedment=10ft)
u
u Loading:
CaseA:ExtremeWind:90mphExposureC
C
CaseB:CombinedIce&Wind:50mph+11//44ice
ice
10/15/06
151
VelocityPressureExposureCoefficient
F=Q * Kz * (V)2 * G * Cf * A
K
Kz =VelocityPressureExposureCoefficient
ForWires:
K
Kz=2.01(h/900)(2/9.5)
ForStructure:
where,
K
Kz=2.01(0.67h/900) (2/9.5)
h=structureorwireheight
Wire: K
Kz =2.01(60/900)(2/9.5) =1.137
Structure: K
Kz =2.01(0.67*70/900)(2/9.5) =1.079
1.079
10/15/06
152
GustResponseFactor
F=Q * Kz * (V)2 * G * Cf * A
G=GustResponseFactor
ForWires:
G=[1+(2.7E
Ew B
Bw0.5)]/k
)]/kv2
ForStructure:
G=[1+(2.7E
G=[1+(2.7Es B
Bs0.5)]/k
)]/kv2
where,h=structureorwireheight,L=spanlength,kkv =1.43
E
Ew =0.346
0.346*(33/h)1/7 = 0.346
0.346*(33/60)1/7 =.318
E
Es =0.346
=0.346*[33/(0.67h)]1/7=0.346
=0.346*[33/(0.67
[33/(0.67*70)]1/7=.329
B
Bw =1/(1+0.8L/220)=1/(1+0.8
1/(1+0.8L/220)=1/(1+0.8*500/220)=.355
B
Bs =1/(1+0.375h/220)=1/(1+0.375
1/(1+0.375h/220)=1/(1+0.375* 70/220)=.893
Wire: Gw =[1+(2.7*.318*.3550.5)]/1.432 = 0.739
Structure: G
Gs =[1+(2.7*.329*.8930.5)]/1.432 =0.851
0.851
10/15/06
153
ShapeFactor
F=Q * Kz * (V)2 * G * Cf * A
Cf =ShapeFactor:
ForWiresCf =1.0
ForMembersCf =
0.9
1.0
1.4
2.0
forcircularand16sidedshapes
for12sidedshapes
for8and6sidedshapes
forsquareandrectangularshapes
Wires: Cf =1.0 andRoundPole: Cf =0.9

10/15/06
154
SummaryofWindLoadFactors
u
u ExtremeWind:90mphExposure
C
C
Wire
Structure
Q= 0.00256
same
Kz = 1.137
1.079
V= 90mph
same
G=
0.739
0.851
Cf =
1.0
0.9
u CombinedIce&Wind
V= 50mph
same
10/15/06
(ASCEManual741991Table2.63)
155
LoadCalculations
F=Q * Kz * (V)2 * G * Cf * A
u ExtremeWind:
Tw =.00256 * 1.137 * (90)2 * 0.739 * 1.0 * A=17.4 * A
Ts =.00256 * 1.079 * (90)2 * 0.851 * 0.9 * A=17.1 * A
u CombinedIceandWind:
Tw =.00256 * 1.137 * (50)2 * 0.739 * 1.0 * A=5.37 * A

Ts =.00256 * 1.079 * (50)2 * 0.851 * 0.9 * A=5.29 * A
10/15/06
156
LoadFactors(
LoadFactors(g)
u
u NESCGrade
B
BConstruction
Construction
b =2.0
u
u NESCGrade
C
CConstruction
Construction b =1.5
LoadCase:
ReliabilityIndex:
WindForce
IceThickness
DeadLoad(Wires+Str.Weight)
a
b
LoadFactors(g)
ExtremeWind
Ice+Wind
b =2.0
b =1.5
b =2.0
b =1.5
1.0
0.5a
1.0
1.0
b
na
na
1.0
0.5b
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
Ifanyportionofthestructureoritssupportedfacilitiesexceed60ftaboveground,aloadfactorof1.0shouldbeused.
Theloadfactorfortheicethicknessistobeappliedtothethicknessoftheicepriortocalculatingtheassociatedload.
Reference: RBDManual111Table2.3
10/15/06
157
Example:ExtremeWind
u WindVelocity=90mph
u Wire:ACSR336.4(26/7)
Dia=0.721
Dia=0.721Wt=.463#/ftSpan=500ft
Tw = gw * 17.4 * A=1.0 * 17.4 * (0.721/12) * 500= 523lbs
u Structure:RoundPole(70ftaboveGL)
Diatop =9.0in.Diagl =19.5in.
Ts = gw * 17.1 * A=1.0 * 17.1 * [(9.0+19.5)/(2 * 12)] * 70
=1421lbs
u GradeofConstruction(tallerthan60ftaboveGL)
GradeB: gw =1.0 gdl =1.1

GradeC: gw =1.0 gdl =1.1
10/15/06
158
ShorterPoleExtremeWind
LoadCase:
ReliabilityIndex:
WindForce
IceThickness
DeadLoad(Wires+Str.Weight)
a
b
LoadFactors(g)
ExtremeWind
Ice+Wind
b =2.0
b =1.5
b =2.0
b =1.5
a
1.0
0.5
1.0
1.0
b
na
na
1.0
0.5b
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
Ifanyportionofthestructureoritssupportedfacilitiesexceed60ftaboveground,aloadfactorof1.0shouldbeused.
Theloadfactorfortheicethicknessistobeappliedtothethicknessoftheicepriortocalculatingtheassociatedload.
u GradeofConstruction(60ftorlessaboveGL)
GradeB: gw =1.0 gdl =1.1

GradeC: gw =0.5 gdl =1.1
10/15/06
159
Example:Ice+Wind
u Wire:ACSR336.4(26/7)
Dia=0.721
Dia=0.721Wt=.463#/ftSpan=500ft
T50 = gwind * 5.37 * A= gwind * 5.37 * [(gice * 2.5+0.721)/12] * 500=
GradeBConstruction(gwind =1.0 gice =1.0): T50 =721lbs
GradeCConstruction(gwind =1.0 gice =0.5): T50 =441lbs
u Structure:RoundPole
Diatop =9.0in.Diagl =19.5in.

T50 = gwind * 5.29 * A=5.29 * [(9.0+19.5)/(2 * 12)] * 70=
GradeBConstruction(gwind =1.0): T50 =440lbs
GradeCConstruction(gwind =1.0): T50 =440lbs
u VerticalLoads(exceptice)
GradeB: gdl =1.1

GradeC: gdl =1.1
10/15/06
160
STRENGTH
10/15/06
161
Example#1TransmissionPole
5
OHGW
u
u
Length:75ft
u
u
Shape:Varies
u
u
Embedment:10%+2
Embedment:10%+2ft
u
u
Wires:
Cond
Cond:Drake ACSR795(26/7)
OHGW: 3/8
3/8inchEHS
Comm.Wire: (1)2.0
(1)2.0in.dia.
in.dia.
9.5
10/15/06
Comm.Wire
35.5
Wind/WtSpan:500ft
56
56
75ft
u
u
14
Conductors
162
ASCEManual74: ExtremeWind
F=Q * Kz * (V)2 * G * Cf * A,where
0.00256
Q=airdensityfactor:
Kz =velocitypressureexposurecoefficient:
forconductors= 1.114
forshieldwire= 1.154
forcomm.wire= 1.018
and,forpole=
1.063
90mph
V=3secondgustwindvelocity:
G=gustresponsefactor=(1+2.7xExB0.5)/kv2,whereE=exposure
factorandB=responseterm
forcomm.wire= 0.743
and,forpole=
Cf =shapefactor:forwires= 1.0
andforpole=
0.737
varies
A=projectedwindarea(ft2)
10/15/06
163
ExtremeWindForces
Line
Component
WindonConductors(ea)
WindonShieldWire
WindonCommWire
WindonPole
Wind
Pressure
(psf)
17.16
17.64
16.01
19.97*Cf
Wind
Wind
Area
Force
2
(ft )
(lbs)
46.17
792
15.00
265
83.33
1334
Varieswithpolegeometry
ExtremeWindOver60ftaboveGL
GradeB&GradeCarethesame
10/15/06
164
SteelPoleDesign
u
u
u
u
PoleProperties:(
PoleProperties:(Dtop =8.00in.,Dgl =18.76in.,12
=18.76in.,12sided
t=3/16in.,Fy =65ksi)
C
Cf =1.0
=1.0(windpressure=19.97psf)
Strengthvalues:5%LEL&10%COV
Strengthvalues:5%LEL&10%COV
f =1.0
((RBDManualSection2.6.2)
u
u
Usingnon
Usingnonlinearanalysistechniques:
GLM=250,851ft
GLM=250,851ftlbs
lbs Fb =57.2ksi
=57.2ksi
<65ksi
<65ksi PoleisOK
Note!!!
Stressesalsoneedtobecheckedatpointsabovegroundline
10/15/06
165
WoodPoleDesign
u
u
PoleProperties:ClassH2
PoleProperties:ClassH2DouglassFir
D
Dtop =9.87in.,D
Dgl =18.33in.,C
Cf =0.9
=0.9 (windpressure=17.97psf)
u
u
Strengthvalues:DesignatedFiberStress(MeanStrength)
=8,000psi andCOV=20%
andCOV=20%
f =0.79
((RBDManual111Table2
Table22)
2)
F
Fb =0.79
=0.79* 8,000=6,320psi
10/15/06
166
WoodPoleDesign(cont
(contd)
u
u
Usinglinearanalysistechniques:GLM=
Line
Component
WindonTopConductor
WindonMiddleConductor
WindonBottomConductor
WindonShieldWire
WindonCommunicationWire
ConductorEccentricity
Subtotal(withoutpolewindforce)
Windonpole
Force
(lbs)
792
792
792
265
1334
546
Distance
(ft)
59.5
54.5
49.5
64.5
35.5
5.5
g
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.1
GLM
(ftlbs)
47,124
43,164
39,204
17,093
47,357
3,300
197,242
=17.97 * [(9.87+18.33)/(2 * 12) * 65.5] * 29.47=

=40,758ftlbs
TotalGLM=197,242+40,758=238,000ftlbs
10/15/06
167
WoodPoleDesign(cont
(contd)
TotalLinearGLM=197,242+40,758=238,000ftlbs
PlusPD EffectUsingGereCarterMethod:
AmplificationFactor=1.112
GLM=1.112 * 238,000=264,656ftlbs
Sreqd =264,656 *
12/6320psi=502.5in3
CH2 =57.58in. ClassH2DFPoleisOK
Creqd=
54.14in.
[NoteCH1 =54.16in,butPD Effectwouldbegreater]

Note!!!
10/15/06
168
Example#2DistributionPole
4
Length:45
Length:45ft
Shape:Varies
u
u
Embedment:10%+2
Embedment:10%+2ft
u
u
Wind/WtSpan:275ft
u
u
Wires:
4.5
u
u
Neutral:(1)ACSR3/0(6/1)
Comm.Wire:(1)1.5
Comm.Wire:(1)1.5in.
in.
6.5
Cond
Cond:(3)ACSR336.5(26/7)
Neutral
Comm.
Wire
45ft
Conductors
29
u
u
2 2 2
2
10/15/06
169
ASCEManual74:Ice+Wind
F=Q
F=Q* K
Kzz * (V)22* G
G* C
Cff * A,where
Q=airdensityfactor=
0.00256
K
Kz =velocitypressureexposurecoefficient:
forconductors=
forneutralwire= 1.005
1.029
forcomm.wire= 0.975
forpole= 0.951
V=3secondgustwindvelocity=50mph
u G=gustresponsefactor=(1+2.7xExB0.5)/kv2,whereE=exposure
factorandB=responseterm
u
u
u
u
forcomm.wire= 0.819
Cf =shapefactor:forwires=
A=projectedwindarea(ft2)
10/15/06
and,forpole= 0.948
andforpole= varies
1.0
170
CombinedIce&WindForces
Component
WindonNeutralWire
WindonComm.Wire
WindonCrossarm
WindonPole
Wind
Pressure
(psf)
GradeB
Wind
Wind
Area
Force
(ft )
(lbs)
(ft )
(lbs)
5.31
5.22
5.11
5.31
5.77*Cf
73.79
67.93
91.67
0.36
varies
392
355
468
2
varies
45.15
39.28
63.02
0.36
varies
240
205
322
2
varies
GradeC
Wind
Wind
Area
Force
Windareaforwires=Length * [(WireDia.+ g * (2 * IceTk)]

EGForComm.Wire:
GradeB:A=275 * [1.5+1.0 * (2 * 1.25)]/12=91.67sf
GradeC:A=275 * [1.5+0.5 * (2 * 1.25)]/12=63.02sf
10/15/06
171
CalculationofGroundlineMoment
Usingmanualmethodstocalculatelinearmoment:
Component
WindonallConds.
WindonNeutral
WindonComm.
Eccentricity:Conds.
Eccentricity:Cond.Ice
WindonCrossarm
WindonPole
Subtotals:
(w/opole)
10/15/06
Distance
(ft)
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.0
37.5
33.5
29
4.3
4.3
37.0
varies
GradeB
Force
GLM
GradeC
Force
GLM
(lbs)
(ftlbs)
(lbs)
(ftlbs)
1176
355
468
137
842
2
varies
44,100
11,892
13,572
648
3,621
74
varies
720
205
322
137
287
2
varies
27,000
6,868
9,338
648
1,234
74
varies
GradeB=73,097ftlbs
GradeC=45,162ftlbs
172
ExtremeWindLoad
u PerNESC
poleisshorterthan60ft
PerNESC:If poleisshorterthan60ft
Designforwindonpoleonly(nowires)
u PerManual111
poleisshorterthan60ft
PerManual111:If poleisshorterthan60ft
Designforwindonpoleandwires
u
u Loadfactor(
Loadfactor(g): DependentonGradeofConstruction
GradeB:
GradeB:g =1.0 andGradeC:
GradeC:g =0.5
=0.5
Component
WindonNeutralWire
WindonComm.Wire
WindonCrossarm
WindonPole
10/15/06
WindPressure(psf)
GradeB
GradeC
17.20
16.91
16.55
17.20
18.69Cf
8.60
8.46
8.28
8.60
9.35Cf
173
WoodPoleDesignGradeB
u
u
AssumeClass2Pole((D
Dt =7.96in.,D
=7.96in.,Dg =12.83in.)A=33.35sf
u
u
LinearGLM=76,171ft
*33.35*17.75]
73,097+1.0* (0.9*5.77)
(0.9*5.77)*33.35*17.75]
LinearGLM=76,171ftlbs [[73,097+1.0
u
u
P
PD =1.312AmplificationFactor(Gere
=1.312AmplificationFactor(GereCarter)
GroundLineDesignMoment=99,936ft
GroundLineDesignMoment=99,936ftlbs
u
u
DFPole:8,000psi andCOV=20%
andCOV=20%
u
u
FFallow =8,000*0.79=6,320psi
f =0.79
=0.79
(ANSIO5.1
(ANSIO5.12002&RBDManual111Table2
Table22)
u
u
3
S
Sreq
reqd =99,936*12/6,320=189.8in
u
u
S
Sfurn =207.3in
Class2DFPoleisOK
Class2DFPoleisOK
Note!!!
10/15/06
174
WoodPoleDesignGradeC
u
u
AssumeClass4Pole((D
Dt =6.68in.,D
=6.68in.,Dg =11.08in.)A=28.49sf
u
u
LinearGLM=47,775ft
*28.49*17.66]
45,162+1.0* (0.9*5.77)
(0.9*5.77)*28.49*17.66]
LinearGLM=47,775ftlbs [[45,162+1.0
u
u
P
u
u
SPPole:8,000psi andCOV=20%
andCOV=20%
u
u
FFallow =8,000*0.79=6,320psi
f =0.79
=0.79
(ANSIO5.1
(ANSIO5.12002&RBDManual111Table2
Table22)
u
u
3
S
Sreq
reqd =58,333*12/6,320=110.8in
u
u
Class4DFPoleisOK
S
Sfurn =133.8in Class4DFPoleisOK
Note!!!
10/15/06
175
FRPPoleDesignGradeC
u
u
FRPPole: D
Dt =12in.,Non
=12in.,NontaperedSquarePole
A=38.50sf
u
u
Strengthdatabasedonatestsampleof5poles:
MeanStrength=111,550ft
lbs)
(StdDev=17,228ftlbs)
MeanStrength=111,550ftlbs&COV=15.5%(StdDev=17,228ft
AssumingNormal
NormalDistributionwitha50%Confidence
Confidence:
5%LTL=111,5501.78*17,228=80,884
*17,228=80,884
(Ref.RBDManual111
Table4
1)
1)
(Ref.RBDManual111Table4
u
u
LinearGLM=52004ft
*38.5*19.25]
45,162+1.0*(1.6*5.77)
(1.6*5.77)*38.5*19.25]
LinearGLM=52004ftlbs [[45,162+1.0
u
u
P
u
u
75,406ft
75,406ftlbs<80,884ft
lbs<80,884ftlbs
lbs
10/15/06
FRPPoleisOK
FRPPoleisOK
176
TwoPointstoRemember
u
materials
materials
u
u
10/15/06
177
StrengthR
LoadQ
mQ
10/15/06
Q50
R5
mR
178
StrengthR
LoadQ
mQ
10/15/06
R
Q
5
50
mR
179
10/15/06
180
180

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ASCEManualandReportsofEngineering

2nd Edition,3rd Edition

8psf 8psf 12psf

0.439 0.658 0.788 0.909

0" .25" .5"

0" .25" .5"

Wind 9lb 4lb 4lb

0" .25" .5"

Wind 9lb 4lb 4lb

Medium Loading District

8psf 8psf 12psf

0.439 0.658 0.788 0.909

Load Resistance Factored Design

1.75 0.85 2.06

(a) For Poles/wires with any portion greater

69.3 8.10 .189

71.4 7.95 .224

72.1 8.03 .252

70.9 8.04 .311

65.2 8.67 .377

Wires: Cf =1.0 andRoundPole: Cf =0.9

Tw =.00256 * 1.137 * (50)2 * 0.739 * 1.0 * A=5.37 * A

GradeB: gw =1.0 gdl =1.1

GradeB: gw =1.0 gdl =1.1

Diatop =9.0in.Diagl =19.5in.

GradeB: gdl =1.1

=17.97 * [(9.87+18.33)/(2 * 12) * 65.5] * 29.47=

CH2 =57.58in. ClassH2DFPoleisOK

[NoteCH1 =54.16in,butPD Effectwouldbegreater]

Windareaforwires=Length * [(WireDia.+ g * (2 * IceTk)]

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