Supernova outflows in galaxy formation

Cecilia Scannapieco
Patricia Tissera Simon White & Volker Springel

Institute for Astronomy and Space Physics Buenos Aires - Argentina

Cecilia Scannapieco

Max-Planck Institute for Astrophysics Garching Germany

Marseille Cosmology Meeting

June 2005

Outline
Introduction: Supernovae and galaxy formation Implementation of Supernova feedback in numerical simulations Results for Isolated galaxy formation models: Dependence on input parameters Outflows Self-regulation of the star formation process SN feedback and dwarf galaxies Conclusions and Future Work
Cecilia Scannapieco Marseille Cosmology Meeting June 2005

Introduction: Why do we care?

Supernovae (SNe) explosions play a fundamental role in the evolution of galaxies Ejection of metals: effects on the cooling process Ejection of energy: effects on the gas collapse Effects on the star formation activity Observations: Galactic winds and fountains, chemical enrichment of the intracluster medium, ...... Numerical simulations: hard to model, high computational cost, unknown physics, .

Cecilia Scannapieco

Marseille Cosmology Meeting

June 2005

The Model - I
Tree-PM code GADGET-2 (Springel 2005). Entropy formulation Star formation: stochastic approach (Springel & Hernquist 2003)

(entirely gaseous or stellar particles)

Multiphase gas (relative decoupling of neighbours) Chemical enrichment (Scannapieco et al. 2005a, astro-ph/0505440)

SNII Yields Release Rate Woosley & Weaver (1995) Instantaneous given by IMF Most chemical elements
Cecilia Scannapieco Marseille Cosmology Meeting

SNIa Nomoto et al. (1998) [ 0.1 , 1 ] Gyr 1/3 RateSNII

(van der Bergh 1991)

Fe
June 2005

The Model - II
Energy feedback (Scannapieco et al. 2005b): Cold-dense and Hot gaseous phases Energy deposited separately: Hot: fhot, instantaneous with SN explosions Cold: fcold, promotion scheme

Distribution of metals and energy: SPH technique Metal-dependent cooling (Sutherland & Dopita 1993) No resolution-dependent or ad-hoc parameters which might depend on virial temperature
Cecilia Scannapieco Marseille Cosmology Meeting June 2005

Simulations of Isolated disk galaxies

Spherical grid with superposed DM and Gas particles: perturbed radially to give rise to a ~1/r profile Virial Mass : Baryonic Mass : Spin parameter : Number of particles : Star Formation Efficiency : 1012 h-1 Mo ( h = 0.7 ) 1011 h-1 Mo = 0.1 N = 10000 each c = 0.1

Initially primordial abundance: X=0.76 - Y=0.24

Cecilia Scannapieco Marseille Cosmology Meeting June 2005

Promotion & Outflows

Heating of cold and dense gas in star forming sites Transportation of gas to the halo

Cecilia Scannapieco

Marseille Cosmology Meeting

June 2005

SN feedback: Effects on mass distribution

Hot gas Cold gas Stars

No Feedback

Feedback

Cecilia Scannapieco

Marseille Cosmology Meeting

June 2005

SN feedback & hydrodynamical properties

SN feedback produces a significant increase in the hot gas fraction and unbound fraction

Cecilia Scannapieco

Marseille Cosmology Meeting

June 2005

SN feedback: Effects on Star Formation

Heating up of cold gas + transportation to halo: decrease of the cold gas density

Self regulation of the star formation activity

Cecilia Scannapieco

Marseille Cosmology Meeting

June 2005

SN feedback: Effects on metal distribution

Outflows transport enriched material: Chemical contamination of the haloes Gas takes a larger fraction of the metals from the stars

Cecilia Scannapieco

Marseille Cosmology Meeting

June 2005

SN feedback: Effects on metal distribution

Projected Gas Metallicity Distribution
No Feedback Feedback

Cecilia Scannapieco

Marseille Cosmology Meeting

June 2005

SN feedback & Dwarf Galaxies

Simulations of a 1010 Mo h-1 total mass system SN feedback has crucial effects Most of the gas escapes from the system Significant reduction in the final stellar mass formed Strong feedback: No cold disc Weak star formation

Cecilia Scannapieco

Marseille Cosmology Meeting

June 2005

SN feedback & Dwarf Galaxies II

Hot gas Cold gas Stars

No Feedback

Feedback

Cecilia Scannapieco

Marseille Cosmology Meeting

June 2005

Conclusions I
We have implemented a model for multiphase gas and Supernova feedaback within GADGET-2, which is suitable to study galaxy formation in a cosmological framework, and does not introduce any scale-dependent parameter. SN feedback constitutes an effective mechanism to self-regulate the star formation activity through the heating of the cold gas in the discs and its transportation to outer regions of galaxies. As the gas in the discs is highly enriched, the outflows lead to a contamination of the haloes. This could explain the presence of metals in the intergalactic medium.

Cecilia Scannapieco

Marseille Cosmology Meeting

June 2005

Conclusions II
SN feedback would have a major impact in dwarf galaxies. Depending on the strength of the feedback, cold central cores could not be able to form. Next step: adjust input parameters (basically strength of the feedback) with a high resolution simulation of a Milky Way type galaxy and comparing to observational results.

Cecilia Scannapieco

Marseille Cosmology Meeting

June 2005