B Mechanics Chapter 4 Motion I

4 Motion I
t ≥ 50 s
Practice 4.1 (p. 6) The minimum period is 50 s.
1 C
2 D 7 (a) From 1 January 2005 to 10 January
3 (a) One day 2005, the watch is 9 minutes slow.
= 24 × 60 × 60 Thus when the actual time is 2:00 pm on
= 86 400 s 10 January 2005, the time shown on the
(b) One year watch should be 1:51 pm on 10 January
= 365 × 86 400 2005.
= 31 500 000 s (b) Percentage error
4 (a) Possible percentage error 9
= × 100%
10 −6 9 × 24 × 60
= × 100% = 1.16 × 10–9% = 6.94 × 10–2%
86 400
1
(b) = 1 000 000 days
10 −6 Practice 4.2 (p. 14)
It would take 1 000 000 days to be in 1 C
error by 1 s. 2 B
5 (a) The percentage error 3 D
error due to reaction time 4 D
= × 100%
time measured 5 (a) The total distance
0.4 = π × 10 + π × 20 + π × 15
= × 100%
10
= 141 m
= 4%
The total distance she travels is
The percentage error is 4%.
141 m.
(b) From (a), the percentage error of a short
(b) Magnitude of total displacement
time interval (e.g. 10 s) measured by a
= 10 × 2 + 20 × 2 + 15 × 2
stop-watch is very large. Since the time
= 90 m
intervals of 110-m hurdles and 100-m
Direction: east
races are very short in the Olympic
Her total displacement is 90 m east.
Games, stop-watches are not used in the
6 His total displacement is 0 m.
Olympic Games to avoid large
7 The magnitude of the displacement of the ball
percentage errors.
is 1 m.
6 Let t be the period recorded by a stop-watch.
8 (a) The distance travelled by the ball would
0.5
Percentage error = × 100% ≤ 1% be longer if it takes a curved path.
t
(b) No matter which path the ball takes, the

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B Mechanics Chapter 4 Motion I

displacement of the ball is the same. his average speed is non-zero. But since
his displacement is zero (he returns to
his starting point), his average velocity
Practice 4.3 (p. 22) is zero.
1 B
Total time 7 (a) The length of the path
5000 5000 = 0.8 × 120 = 96 m
= + = 9821 s
1.4 0.8
(b) The length of AB along the dotted line
Average speed 96 ÷ 2
10 000 = = 15.3 m
= = 1.02 m s–1 π
9821 (c) Average velocity
His average speed of the whole trip is 15.3 × 2
= = 0.255 m s–1
1.02 m s–1. 120
2 C The average velocity of Jack is
Total time = 9821 + 10 × 60 =10 421 s 0.255 m s–1.
10 000
Average speed = = 0.96 m s–1
10 421 Practice 4.4 (p. 28)
His average speed of the whole trip is 1 C
–1
0.96 m s . 2 B
3 D The final speed
After revolving around the Earth 76 times, = 1.5 – 0.2 = 1.3 m s–1
the spacecraft returned to its starting point. The final speed of the bus is 1.3 m s–1.
Therefore, its displacement was zero. Hence, 3 A
its average velocity was zero. 36
v = u + at = + ( −1.5) × 2
4 D 3.6

5 (a) Average speed v = 7 m s–1 = 7 × 3.6 km h–1 = 25.2 km h–1

100 Its speed after 2 s is 25.2 km h–1.
= = 10.2 m s–1
9.76 4 B
The average speed of Gatlin is Take the direction of the original path as
10.2 m s–1. positive.
(b) Yes. This is because the displacement is Average acceleration of the ball
equal to the distance in this case. −10 − 17
=
6 (a) Two cars move with the same speed, 0.8

e.g. 50 km h–1, but in different = –33.8 m s–2

directions. The magnitude of the average acceleration of

(b) A man runs around a 400-m playground. the ball is 33.8 m s–2.

When we calculate his average speed, 5 By v = u + at ,

we can take 400 m as the distance and

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B Mechanics Chapter 4 Motion I

v −u Section A
t=
a
1 C
100
−0 2 D
= 3.6
6.5 3 B
= 4.27 s 4 D
The shortest time it takes is 4.27 s. Average speed
80 + 60
=
5
6
= 28 km h–1
Average velocity
Time / s 0 2 4 6 8
2 2
Speed / m s–1 2 7 12 17 22 = 80 + 60
v − u 22 − 2 5
a= = = 2.5 m s–2
t 8 = 20 km h–1
The acceleration of the car is 2.5 m s–2. 5 C
7 (a) I will choose ‘towards the left’ as the Total time
10 10
positive direction. = +
2 3
(b)
= 8.33 s
Average speed
20
=
8.33
= 2.4 m s–1
Her average speed for the whole trip is
(c) By v = u + at , 2.4 m s–1.
u = v − at = 9 − (−2) × 3 = 15 m s–1 6 D
The initial velocity of the skater is 7 C
15 m s–1. 8 (HKCEE 2003 Paper II Q3)
8 (a) The object initially moves towards the
Section B
left and accelerates uniformly towards
9 C
the left. It will speed up.
10 B
(b) The object initially moves towards the
11 A
right and accelerates towards the left. It
Magnitude of displacement
will slow down. Its velocity will be zero
= 2000 2 + 6000 2
and then increases in the negative
= 6324.6 m
direction (moves towards the left).
Magnitude of average velocity
6324.6
Revision exercise 4 =
4 × 3600
Multiple-choice (p. 31)

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B Mechanics Chapter 4 Motion I

= 0.439 m s–1 = 27 500 m (1A)

–1
His average velocity is 0.439 m s Magnitude of average velocity
(S 71.6° E). 27 500
= (1M)
6000 1794
tan θ =
2000 = 15.3 m s–1 (1A)
θ = 71.6° The magnitude of the average velocity
12 C of the train is 15.3 m s–1.

Conventional (p. 32) 3 (a) Total distance

Section A = 1500 + 40 × 1000 + 10 × 1000
1 (a) A possible source of error is the reaction = 51 500 m
time in starting and stopping the stop- Total time
watch. (1A) = 2 × 3600 + 3 × 60 + 8
(b) (i) Since she measures the time = 7388 s
interval based on 1 cycle of the Average speed
pendulum, the error (0.3 s) in 51 500
= (1M)
measuring the cycle of the 7388
pendulum accumulates. (1A) = 6.97 m s–1 (1A)
The range of the time interval (10 The average speed of this athlete is
cycles) is from 8 to 14 s. (1A) 6.97 m s–1.
(ii) When finding the time for one (b) Swimming:
pendulum cycle, Jenny should time Average speed
more pendulum cycles (e.g. 20) 1500
=
21 × 60 + 28
with the stop-watch and divide the
= 1.16 m s–1
time by the number of cycles.(1A)
Cycling:
2 (a) Time required
30.5 × 1000 Average speed
= (1M) 40 000
17 =
1 × 3600 + 1 × 60 + 53
= 1794 s
= 10.8 m s–1
= 1790 s (29.8 min) (1A)
Running:
It takes 1790 s (29.8 min) for a train to
Average speed
travel from Tuen Mun to Nam Cheong.
10 000
(b) The displacement from Tuen Mun to =
39 × 60 + 47
Nam Cheong
= 4.19 m s–1
5000
= × 3.3 (1M)
0.6

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B Mechanics Chapter 4 Motion I

His average speed was the highest in = 56.9 m s–1 (1A)

cycling. (1A) The difference between the maximum
(c) Yes. Since the time interval of this speed and the average speed is
competition is quite long, (1A) 56.9 m s–1.
even using stop-watch will not result in The average speed must be smaller than
large percentage error as the reaction the maximum speed because the train
time for an average person is only 0.2 s. needs to speed up from start and slows
(1A) down to stop during the trip. (1A)

4 (a) By v = u + at , (1M)
v=0+6×4 (c) Total time = 3 × 60 + 47 = 227 s
v = 24 m s = 86.4 km h
–1 –1
(1A) v−u
By a = , (1M)
t
The maximum speed of the car is
431
86.4 km h–1. −0
m s–2 (1A)
a = 3.6 = 0.527
(b) By v = u + at , (1M) 227
v = 24 + (–4) × 2 The average acceleration of the train is
–1 –1
v = 16 m s = 57.6 km h (1A) 0.527 m s–2.
The final speed of the car is
57.6 km h–1. Section B
v−u
(c) By a = , (1M) 6 (a) Total distance
t
16 − 0 = 8000 + 4000 + 5000
a= = 17 000 m
6
= 2.67 m s–2 (1A) Total time
The average acceleration of the car is = 1 × 3600 + 30 × 60 + 45 × 60
2.67 m s–2. = 8100 s
5 (a) Average speed Average speed
30 000 17 000
= (1M) = (1M)
8 × 60 8100
= 62.5 m s–1 (1A) = 2.10 m s–1 (1A)
The average speed of the train is The average speed of the man is
62.5 m s–1. 2.10 m s–1.
(b) The difference between the maximum (b)
speed and the average speed
430
= − 62.5
3.6

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B Mechanics Chapter 4 Motion I

Magnitude of displacement
= 3000 2 + 4000 2 = 5000 m
Magnitude of displacement AB
Magnitude of average velocity
5000 = 400 2 + 400 2
= = 0.617 m s–1 (1A)
8100 = 566 m
4000
tan θ = Magnitude of average velocity
3000 (1A)
566
θ = 53.1° =
180
His average velocity is 0.617 m s–1 = 3.14 m s–1 (1A)
(N 53.1° E). 400
tan θ =
7 (a) The distance travelled 400 (1A)
= 10.5 × 3 × 60 (1M) θ = 45°
= 1890 m (1A) Her average velocity is 3.14 m s–1
The distance travelled by Marilyn is (S 45° E).
1890 m.
(b) The circumference of the track
= 2 πr
= 2 π(400)
= 2513 m 8 (a) Total distance
The distance travelled by Marilyn is = (120 + 50) × 1000 (1M)
3 = 170 000 m (1A)
1890 m which is about of the
4 (b)
circumference. (1A) ∆XYZ is a right-
N angled triangle.
Z

θ 5 km

30°

α ψ
12 km
60°
X

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B Mechanics Chapter 4 Motion I

Time / s 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Magnitude of displacement (from town v/ms –1
–6
–4 –2 0 +2 +4 +6
X to town Z) (0.5A × 6)
2 2
= 120 000 + 50 000 (c) The car will slow down and (1A)
= 130 000 m (1A) its speed will drop to zero. (1A)
120 After that the car will move towards the
tan θ =
50 (1A) right and its velocity will increase in the
θ = 67.4°
right (uniform acceleration). (1A)
ψ = 90° − 67.4° = 22.6°
10 (a) Total distance travelled
α = 60° − 22.6° = 37.4° = 60 + 80 + 80 + 60 (1M)
The total displacement of the car is = 280 m (1A)
130 000 m (N 37.4° E). The total distance travelled by the
(c) Total time athlete is 280 m.
170 000
= 10 200 (b) Magnitude of total displacement
= 60 s (1A)
3.6 = 80 + 80 = 160 m (1M)
Magnitude of average velocity The total displacement of the athlete is
130 000 160 m (west). (1A)
= (1M)
10 200 (c) Total distance travelled
= 12.7 m s–1 (1A) = 280 + 60 + 80 (1M)
Its average velocity is 12.7 m s–1 (N = 420 m (1A)
37.4° E). The total distance travelled by the
athlete is 420 m.

9 (a)

60 m

C
(Correct label of velocity with correct 80 m
direction (towards left).) (1A)
AC = 60 2 + 80 2 = 100 m
(Correct label of acceleration with
80 (1M)
correct direction (towards right).) (1A) tan θ = ⇒ θ = 53.1°
60
(b)
The total displacement of the athlete is
100 m (S53.1°W). (1A)

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B Mechanics Chapter 4 Motion I

11 (a) Total distance

= πr (1M)
= 5π
= 15.7 m (1A)
The total distance travelled by her is
15.7 m.
Total displacement
=5+5 (1M)
= 10 m (1A)
The total displacement travelled by her
is 10 m.
(b) Jane’s statement is incorrect. (1A)
Since both girls start at X and meet at Y,
they have the same displacement. (1A)
Betty’s statement is incorrect. (1A)
Since both girls return to their starting
point, their displacements are zero. (1A)
(For effective communication.) (1C)

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B Mechanics Chapter 4 Motion I

Physics in articles (p. 35)

(a) It took 20 days for the turtle to travel from
Hong Kong to Hainan Island. (1A)
The speed of the turtle was 0.5 to 2 km h–1.
(1A)
(b) Average speed
0.5 + 2
=
2
= 1.25 km h–1 (1A)
Distance travelled
= 1.25 × 20 × 20
= 500 km (1A)
The distance travelled by the turtle is
500 km.
(c) No. (1A)
This is because the article does not provide
the information of displacement. (1A)

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