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BOTANY
BIOTECHNOLOGY
I. Long answer type question: (8 marks)
1. Give an account of the scope and
applications of biotechnology.
A. Biotechnology is an applied branch of
science based on the principles of molecular
genetics, microbiology and biochemistry.
The term 'Biotechnology' was first used by
'Carl Ericay'.
Definition: Biotechnology is the science that
deals with utilization of properties and uses of
micro organisms, cells and cell constituents for
generating useful products.
Scope and applications of Biotechnology:
Biotechnology is utilized in the fields of
medicine, agriculture, industry, food production
and conservation of environment.
Biotechnology in medicine: Genetic engineering is being used for cloning of DNA and
production of recombinant micro organisms for
commercial synthesis of hormones like insulin,
interferons vitamins and vaccines. It has
become easy to produce antibiotics like penicillin and erythromycin in large scale at low
costs. DNA probes are used in diagnosis, prevention and cure of many diseases.
Biotechnology in agriculture: Biotechnology
has helped to produce inter generic hybrids
through protoplast fusion technology. It also
improved the methods of tissue culture.
Production of encapsulated seeds, disease and
stress resistant plants is now possible with the
aid of bio technology. e.g.:Bt cotton.
Transgenic plants with desirable characters are
produced through bio technology e.g.: Golden
rice. Biopesticides like Bacillus thuringiensis,
NPV, CPV are produced through biotechnology.
Biotechnology in Industry: Enzymes are

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 Genetic engineering is being used for cloning

 Biopesticides like Bacillus thuringiensis, NPV

of DNA and production of recombinant micro

organisms for commercial synthesis of
hormones like insulin, interferons.
 Micro organisms are employed through bio
technology for production of vitamins like
vitamin A, riboflavin etc.

(Nuclear
Polyhedrosis
Virus),
CPV
(Cytoplasmic Polyhedrosis Virus) are
produced through biotechnology.
III. Very short answer type questions:
(2 marks)
1. Define biotechnology.
A. Biotechnology is the science of utilizing
micro organisms and cells at industrial level
to produce useful products for human
welfare. (or) Biotechnology is the science
that deals with utilization of properties and
uses of micro organisms, cells and cell constituents for generating useful products.
2. Define the following terms: Interferons,
Bioremediation, Bioinformatics,Proteomics and Genomics.
A. Interferons: They are special type of
glycoproteins produced by virus infected
host cells in vertebrate hosts which prevents
further attack of virus on other cells.
Bio remediation: The process of using
living micro organisms to remove pollutants
from soil and water.
Bioinformatics: The application of information sciences like mathematics, statistics and
computer science in the study of biology is
called Bioinformatics.
Proteomics: Study of proteins produced by
an organism using computer is called
proteomics.
Genomics: Computer based study and
design of genome or haploid set of
chromosomes is called genomics.

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employed in large scale in all types of industries

like brewing, pharmaceuticals, leather industry
etc. These enzymes are produced from animals, plants or micro organisms.
Animal
enzymes like lipase, trypsin, rennet etc are
commercially produced by employing micro
organisms in biotechnology. Plant enzymes
like papain, proteases, amylases etc are also

Biotechnology brought quality in crops!

produced by the same methods
 Vaccines for hepatitis B, rabies,
using biotechnology. Biotechnology
polio etc are produced at low cost
also facilitates production of microby employing bio technology.
bial enzymes like glucose iso It has become easy to produce
merase, a-amylase used in indusantibiotics like penicillin and
tries.
erythromycin in large scale at low
Biotechnology in Food produccosts.
tion: Now a days bio technology is
 DNA probes are used in diagnosis,
P. Uma Amareswari
used to solve the problems caused
prevention and cure of many
due to mal nutrition like diabetes and hypertendiseases.
sion. Alternative foods are slowly replacing
2. Biotechnology is revolutionized the
conventional foods for health and fitness.
field of agriculture. Explain.
Biotechnology employs micro organisms for
A. Biotechnology is vastly used in the field of
production of single cell proteins rich in proagriculture and has caused drastic
teins, minerals, vitamins and essential amino
improvement in all fields of agriculture.
acids. It also aims at production of SCP and
 Biotechnology has helped to produce inter
mushrooms by utilizing domestic, agricultural
generic hybrids through protoplast fusion
and industrial wastes.
technology.
Bio technology and environment: Bio reme It also improved the methods of tissue
diation, the process of using living organisms to
culture like cell and organ culture.
treat pollutants is a major application of
 Production of encapsulated seeds, disease
biotechnology in the field of environment.
and stress resistant plants is now possible
Conversion of sewage and agro wastes into
with the aid of bio technology. e.g: Bt cotton.
useful is possible through bio technology.
 Desirable traits like virus resistance, insect
Now a days Bio-informatics, proteomics and
resistance, herbicide resistance are
genomics are also employed in bio technology
introduced in many crops using tools of bio
for solving many problems of man kind.
technology.
II. Short answer type questions: (4 marks)
 Bio technology has also brought improved
1. Explain the role of biotechnology in mednutritional quality in crops.
ical field.
 Transgenic plants with desirable characters
A. Biotechnology in the field of medicine:
are produced through bio technology.
Biotechnology is used for maximum benefits
e.g: Golden rice.
in the field of medicine.

(Writer - Botany Lecturer, P.V.C. Govt.

Jr. College,Vayalpadu, Chittoor Dist. )

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