FTM 1201

F U T U R E
T E C H N O L O G Y
M A G A Z I N E
In association with www.my-boardclub.com
Application Spotlight on
audio
Component Focus: pages 2-14 NXPs ARM Cortex-M0 microcontrollers offer 50MHz processing at ultra-competitive prices Design Note: page 15 Wolfson shows how to achieve high performance when interfacing to digital microphones Product Matrix: page 16 Find your supplier of choice with the audio applications product-selection guide Application Spotlight: pages 17-23 Future Electronics provides a proof-of-concept development board for digital audio-streamers Technical View: pages 25-27 How the humble CODEC provides an alternative to complex DSPs
I S S U E 1201
COMPONENT FOCUS
News
in brief
Freescale launches multi-core ARM processor family.
Freescale Semiconductor has announced a new product platform that integrates ARM Cortex-M4 and Cortex-A5 cores. This innovative architecture, combining a highperformance microcontroller and an energyefficient applications processor, enables simultaneous, deterministic real-time control and graphics-rich applications processing in industrial and automotive applications.
New features in 8-bit MCU family improve tolerance for harsh environments
Online simulation tool eases flyback converter design.
Fairchild Semiconductor has launched Power Supply WebDesigner (PSW) an easy-to-use online simulation tool which enables designers to Auto Design flyback circuits without reference to application notes. The tools Advance Design feature implements circuit optimisations automatically. It provides a complete flyback design, steady-state and transient waveforms, the loop-gain plot showing stability margins, and a complete bill of materials and distributor parts order.
The S08PA and S08PT families offer additional features which are not available on existing S08 devices
FREESCALE
Freescale Semiconductor has introduced the new S08P, an 8-bit microcontroller family which helps design engineers to achieve greater system durability and reliability in harsh industrial applications and user interfaces. The device is also ideal in systems which must comply with the IEC 60730 appliance safety standard.
The S08P family uses the same core, IP and tools as existing 8-bit S08 products, making it easy for designers to migrate to the new devices. But the S08P microcontrollers include a number of extra features which equip them to tolerate harsh and noisy environments. These include slew rate and drive strength control for EMI/EMC compliance, and filtering on I/O pins to help withstand noise. Internal clock generators keep clock noise inside, while an independent hardware watchdog monitors the system. This family of MCUs also includes a built-in 16-bit cyclic redundancy-check engine for data validation. The scalable S08P family provides a wide range of feature and price options for product differentiation. The parts are grouped into three classes: Full-featured PT class with a touch-sense interface Full-featured PA class with no touch-sense interface Basic PL class for the most cost-sensitive designs
New ARM Cortex-M MCU breaks processor speed record.
The S08P family is supported by Freescales Tower System development platform, the CodeWarrior development tool suite and the Processor Expert rapid application development tool. The S08P devices are available in packages from an 8-pin DFN up to a 64-pin QFP.
Freescale Semiconductor has introduced its new Kinetis X series with the claim that they are the world's fastest microcontrollers built on an ARM Cortex-M core. The X series extends the high end of Freescale's Kinetis 32-bit MCU portfolio, providing up to 200MHz processing speed as well as more memory and integrated peripherals than other Kinetis devices.
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Small appliances Power tools Home appliances Building and lighting control Electric metering Motor control Battery charging and management Touch-sensing interface (PT class only) Up to 4kbytes of RAM and 60kbytes of Flash Up to 256bytes of EEPROM Up to three UARTs, two SPIs and one I2C interface Up to 16-channels of 12-bit ADC Analogue comparator Real-time clock FlexTimer Operating voltage: 2.7-5.5V (PT/PA class only)
FOR PARTS AND LATEST PRICING
APPLICATIONS
Microchip expands Multi-Purpose Flash Plus (MPF+) memory portfolio.
FEATURES
Microchip has introduced the SST39VF80XC and SST39VF160XC NOR Flash memory devices, which combine small size, low power consumption and high performance. The SST39VF80XC offers 8Mbits of memory, while the SST39VF160XC offers 16Mbits.
my-ftm.com/120101
my-ftm.com/120102
DETAILS ON PAGE
Copyright 2012 Future Electronics Ltd. All trademarks contained herein are the property of their respective owners. Applications for product samples, badge boards, demonstration boards, Future-Blox Boards and other advertised materials from Future Electronics are subject to qualification.
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E M A I L I N F O @ M Y- F T M . C O M F O R S A M P L E S A N D D ATA S H E E T S
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ARM Cortex-M0 microcontrollers now in low pin-count packages

NXP SEMICONDUCTORS
NXP Semiconductors has extended its LPC1100 family of ARM Cortex-M0 32-bit microcontrollers with new low pin-count packages available at prices that put them in direct competition with many 8- and 16-bit microcontrollers.
The new LPC111x devices will enable designers who have rejected typical 32-bit MCUs because of package footprint or manufacturing constraints to use the ARM architecture for the first time. The parts are available in SO20, TSSOP20, TSSOP28 and DIP28 packages. The LPC1100 series can execute sophisticated algorithms at low power, meeting the everincreasing demands of cost-sensitive applications that 8-bit microcontrollers struggle to achieve, such as interfacing with sensors and performing complex control tasks. For example, a 16-bit multiply operation performed by an 8-bit microcontroller typically requires 48 clock cycles at more than 770A/MHz, whereas an LPC1100 device can complete the same task in one cycle at 130A/MHz. Power efficiency is enhanced by the devices ability to dynamically adjust the clock frequency to match the load on the processor. At 50MHz, an LPC1100 microcontroller draws 7mA. This can be reduced to a little more than 130A when running at 1MHz on the low-power internal oscillator.
Starting at $0.49, the new devices deliver 50MIPS of processing throughput compared to the 1-5MIPS performance typical of 8- and 16-bit MCUs. The introduction of the new low-pin-count packages gives OEMs the option of reduced footprints and lower system costs throughout the product development cycle. SO and DIP packages make it easier to build prototypes, since they can be hand-soldered, simplifying hardware requirements for programming and debugging. TSSOP packages can eliminate the requirement for a reflow process in highvolume production. These easy-to-use and highly reliable packages are popular among 8- and 16-bit customers and help minimise the number of manufacturing processes while improving yield. Existing LPC1100 customers can easily convert their designs to the LPC111x low-pincount devices and reuse their software, because every device in the family shares an identical Cortex-M0 instruction set. In addition, these low pin-count packages enable reuse of elements of the PCB layout because they share the same pin-out for the VDD, VSS, GND and XTAL pins.
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Human interface devices Consumer electronics Alarm systems Small appliances Simple motor controllers 130A/MHz current draw SPI, UART and I C (Fast-mode Plus)
2
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FEATURES
interfaces Up to 4kbytes SRAM and 32kbytes Flash 5-channel, 10-bit ADC Two 32-bit and two 16-bit timers 12MHz IRC offering 1% accuracy
my-ftm.com/120103
DETAILS ON PAGE
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Part Number LPC1110FD20 LPC1111FDH20 /002 LPC1112FD20 /102 LPC1112FDH20 /102 LPC1112FDH28 /102 LPC1114FDH28 /102 LPC1114FN28 /102
SRAM 1 2 4 4 4 4 4
Flash 4 8 16 16 16 32 32
Package SO TSSOP SO TSSOP TSSOP TSSOP DIP
Pin Count 20 20 20 20 28 28 28
I2C 1 1 1 0 1 1 1
SPI 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
UART 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
16-bit Timer 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
32-bit Timer 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
5CH-ADC 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
GPIO 16 16 16 14 22 22 22
V I S I T T H E O N L I N E F T M M A G A Z I N E AT: W W W . M Y- F T M . C O M
ANALOGUE
CORNER
COMPONENT FOCUS
High-resolution magnetic encoder for industrial applications

AVAGO TECHNOLOGIES
Avago Technologies claims a new benchmark for the industry's highest resolution Hall-effect magnetic encoder IC, which provides accurate and robust position data even in the harsh operational environment of industrial applications.
The AEAT-6600-T16 is a system-on-chip combining integrated Hall elements, an analogue front end and digital signal processing functions. In an end product it is paired with a simple two-pole magnet which is placed over or under the centre of the IC. The use of magnetic technology for motion control and position sensing enables noncontact operation free from the mechanical wear and tear suffered by the potentiometers traditionally used in such applications.
The performance of this latest magnetic encoder to be developed by Avago is enhanced by the adoption of a new technology, Local Field Measurement. This technology produces an IC which is both smaller and which offers better redundancy and misalignment tolerance, when compared to the previous differential field measurement technology. When measuring the absolute angle, the AEAT-6600-T16 calculates the magnets angular position to a resolution of 0.005, or 65,536 positions per revolution. This digital information is available as a serial bit stream and as a PWM signal. Unlike some Hall sensorbased devices, the AEAT6600-T16 offers simple one-step alignment with no calibration and is easily assembled. In addition, the encoder delivers accurate performance over a large axial gap and radial displacement, which means the OEMs manufacturing process benefits from wide assembly tolerances.
The encoder is available in a small 16-pin TSSOP package, and features low supply voltage, making it ideal for portable, batteryoperated applications. Configuration options enable the same IC to be used in different applications, streamlining the users inventory.
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Contactless rotary position sensing Robotics Motor control Valve control Simultaneous incremental output of up to Operating temperature range: 2-wire or 3-wire Serial Synchronous Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) and Power-down mode
APPLICATIONS
FEATURES
1,024 cycles per revolution
-40C to 125C
Interface mode for absolute output
Internal voltage regulator for 5V or 3.3V

operation
incremental output modes (ABI or UVW)
my-ftm.com/120104
Instrumentation amplifier offers stable accuracy over time and temperature

MICROCHIP
Microchip has released a new instrumentation amplifier, the MCP6N11, which combines high accuracy over time and temperature with low power consumption. It is an innovative solution for instrumentation and signal and sensor conditioning in applications which require high performance at a competitive price.
The MCP6N11 features Microchips unique mCal technology. This on-chip calibration circuit provides a means of controlling drift from a low offset voltage, resulting in higher accuracy over time and temperature. The gain is set with two external resistors, which also helps to minimise gain error and drift over temperature. The device has been designed with the low-power requirements of battery-powered systems in mind. Manufactured in a lowpower CMOS process technology, the MCP6N11 offers a gain bandwidth product of 500kHz and a hardware shutdown pin, helping to keep active and quiescent power use to a minimum. In addition, the devices ability to operate from a low 1.8V input means that a power supply using two 1.5V batteries can be used at a lower state of charge, corresponding to a lower battery output voltage. This ability to draw on the full capacity of battery cells is supported by the devices rail-to-rail input and output operation, which means that the MCP6N11 can offer its full dynamic range even when the battery supply is close to being exhausted. The MCP6N11 offers five minimum gain options of 1, 2, 5, 10 and 100V/V. This allows the user to optimise the input offset voltage and input noise for different applications. The MCP6N11 is offered in 8-pin SOIC and 2mm x 3mm TDFN package options.
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High-side current sensor Wheatstone bridge sensor Difference amplifier with level shifting Power-control loops Operating temperature: -40C to 125C 35nV/Hz input voltage noise density 115dB common-mode rejection ratio 112dB power supply rejection ratio
APPLICATIONS
FEATURES
my-ftm.com/120105
DETAILS ON PAGE
MCP6N11 stays accurate over a long time span and wide temperature range
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COMPONENT FOCUS
PWM controller helps drive down stand-by mode power consumption

FAIRCHILD SEMICONDUCTOR
Fairchild Semiconductor has introduced the FAN6756, a PWM controller which keeps stand-by and no-load power consumption to a minimum, enabling system designers to ensure that end-products conform to worldwide stand-by mode efficiency guidelines.
The device takes advantage of Fairchilds innovative mWSaver technology, which reduces power loss in external circuits and components as well as in the controller itself, to achieve stand-by mode power consumption of <30mW at 230V. An innovative design also eliminates the EMI discharge resistor losses found in other PWM controllers: instead, the FAN6756 discharges X-cap energy through the HV pin when AC mains power is unplugged. The device still meets IEC61010-1 safety requirements. Other features also help to increase power efficiency. For instance, when there is no load the FAN6756 switches its feedback impedance to a very high level, forcing the system to operate in a deep burst mode, which reduces switching losses. Protection circuitry ensures the safe operation of the power system in various abnormal conditions. Proprietary asynchronous jitter technology decreases EMI
emissions, and built-in synchronised slope compensation allows for more stable peak current-mode control over a wide range of input voltage and load conditions. The proprietary internal line compensation ensures a constant output power limit over the entire universal line voltage range. Requiring only a small number of external components, the FAN6756 provides a basic platform that is suited to cost-sensitive flyback converter designs that require extremely low stand-by power consumption.
WORKING PARTNER
NXPs MOSFETs: Page 8
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Power adaptors Open-frame switched-mode power

supplies
APPLICATIONS
65kHz fixed PWM frequency 8ms soft-start Over-temperature protection Sense short-circuit protection Under-voltage lock-out
mWSaver technology cuts losses and helps save board space
FEATURES
my-ftm.com/120106
Miniature low-voltage power MOSFETs suit handheld devices

VISHAY
A new pair of miniature TrenchFET power MOSFETs from Vishay provide good on-resistance characteristics at low voltages.
The 8V N-channel Si8802DB and the P-channel Si8805EDB MOSFETs are tiny chipscale packages measuring 0.8mm x 0.8mm, with a low 0.4mm profile. Both devices are designed for use in spaceconstrained mobile and battery-powered equipment, in which low on-resistance minimises voltage drops across the load switch and thus helps to prevent unwanted under-voltage lockouts.
Part Number Polarity VDS (V) VGS (V) @ 4.5 V (m) @ 2.5 V (m) On-resistance @ 1.8 V (m) @ 1.5 V (m) @ 1.2 V (m) Si8805EDB P-channel -8 5 68 88 155 290 Si8802DB N-channel 8 5 54 60 68 86 135 FOR PARTS AND LATEST PRICING
The devices low on-resistance at 1.5V and guaranteed on-resistance limits at 1.2V simplify designs by allowing the MOSFETs to work with the low-voltage power rails common in handheld devices. In P-channel load switching the Si8805EDB eliminates an extra resistor and voltage source, and in N-channel load switching the Si8802DB provides longer battery operation between charges.
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Load switching for low-voltage gate drive Load switching for 1.2V power line 1,500V ESD protection (Si8805EDB) Typical gate-charge: 6.7nC 25ns maximum turn-on delay time 1.5A gate-source leakage current
FEATURES
APPLICATIONS
my-ftm.com/120107
COMPONENT FOCUS
New MPC8309 kit supports rapid prototyping of industrial designs

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FREESCALE
The new TWR-MPC8309 module from Freescales established Tower System is a rapid prototyping platform for designers working on factory automation and entry-level industrial networking applications.
The processing engine in the module is the MPC8309 processor, a member of the PowerQUICC II Pro family which delivers up to 835DMIPS of processing power at less than 1.6W. The device also features 233MHz QUICC Engine technology for communications protocol offloading: this can support a wide range of Ethernet and Fieldbus-based industrial networking protocols, virtually eliminating the need for an expensive FPGA or ASIC in industrial networking applications. The TWR-MPC8309 processor module can be used in a variety of ways, including as a stand-alone industrial development board, as a System-on-Module (SoM) using a single right-
angle PCIe connector to interface to the main board, or as part of a Tower System development platform. Two peripheral modules have been developed specifically for use with the TWR-MPC8309 processor module: the MPC830x-TLCD module directly attaches to the TWR-MPC8309 module to add a 3.2 QVGA colour LCD touch screen and 12-key capacitive touch pad, providing a fully contained development platform and eliminating the need for a host PC. The TWR-INDCTRL module provides a superset of TWR-SER features, including a third 10/100baseT Ethernet port, four CAN, two SPI, one I2C and four motorcontrol ports. The TWR-INDCTRL module is compatible with the LEGO MINDSTORMS motor and sensors for rapid development of robotics demonstrations. Freescales Tower System is a modular, reusable platform consisting of packaged boards, tools and runtime software.
WORKING PARTNER
ON Semis interface IC: Page 9
Programmable logic controllers Process automation controllers Gateways, bridges and hubs Operator interface terminals Test and measurement instrumentation Robotics 128MB DDR2 256MB NOR Flash Accelerometer Mini-AB USB2.0 Hi-speed OTG port Full SD card expansion port Mini-PCI expansion port Audio CODEC Stereo audio out and microphone audio jacks IEEE1588 with VCXO fine clock tuning
APPLICATIONS
FEATURES
my-ftm.com/120108
DETAILS ON PAGE
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1.45A output speeds li-ion battery charging

The new FAN54013 from Fairchild Semiconductor is a USB-compliant switching lithium-ion battery charger which offers higher power capability for faster charging of the high-capacity batteries commonly found in todays consumer electronics products.
Offering full USB On-The-Go (OTG) capability, the FAN54013 can deliver a charge current as high as 1.45A, together with USB OTG boost power which can support a USB peripheral device from the battery with a full 500mA at 5V. When charging a single-cell or parallel-cell li-ion battery through a USB port or AC/DC adaptor, the switch-mode topology of the FAN54013 provides faster charge times than the linear charger solutions in use today, and avoids the problem of waste heat generation. In addition to providing up to 94% charging efficiency, the FAN54013 provides a suite of protection features, such as an integrated 20V input voltage rating, thermal protection, reverse current blocking and watchdog timers. It also offers input current limiting for USB compliance which is 5% accurate. The USB OTG hosting circuit uses the same inductor as the charger, reducing the requirement for external components. Offering the designer flexibility in its deployment, the FAN54013s charging parameters and operating modes are programmable through an I2C interface, which operates at up to 3.4Mbits/s. Available in a 1.96mm x 1.87mm, 20-bump, 0.4mm pitch CSP package, the FAN54013 is the smallest switch-mode solution on the market that provides both charger and full 500mA USBOTG 5V boost functionality.
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Single-cell or parallel-cell li-ion battery

charging
APPLICATIONS
1% charge voltage accuracy across 5% charge current regulation accuracy External inductor size just 1H Low reverse leakage
FAN54013 generates less waste heat than conventional linear chargers
FEATURES
operating temperature range
my-ftm.com/120109
COMPONENT FOCUS
Rugged, efficient power transistor supports 2.5GHz to 2.7GHz frequency band

NXP SEMICONDUCTORS
NXP Semiconductors has launched a new 90W LDMOS power transistor, the BLF7G27LS-90P, for base-station applications operating at frequencies from 2.5GHz to 2.7GHz. The BLF7G27LS-90P is a push-pull transistor using NXPs Gen7 LDMOS technology and is assembled in a thermallyenhanced ceramic package.
In a Class AB circuit with a single carrier W-CDMA signal the BLF7G27LS-90P delivers 35% efficiency and 18.5dB gain for an average output power of 25W. Under these conditions, the linearity, as given by the adjacent channel power ratio, is typically -36dBc. For this performance the device is driven from a 28V supply, but can also be operated with a supply voltage up to 32V. The BLF7G27LS-90P is a rugged transistor capable of withstanding a load mismatch corresponding to VSWR of 10:1 through all phases. This makes it a safe choice to survive the many fault conditions found in todays W-CDMA and LTE systems. The product design and thermally-enhanced packaging yield a thermal resistance as low as 0.4K/W, as measured under typical operating conditions. With this the device will run at low junction temperatures ensuring a stable and reliable level of performance over years of life. The BLF7G27LS-90P is in a SOT1121B earless ceramic package with four leads. An eared version, the BLF7G27L-90P is also available.
APPLICATIONS
Multi-carrier applications in the 2.5GHz RF power amplifiers for W-CDMA and

LTE base stations to 2.7GHz frequency range
High efficiency Excellent ruggedness Lower output capacitance for improved Low memory effects deliver excellent Internally matched for ease of use
FEATURES
performance in Doherty applications
pre-distortability
my-ftm.com/120110
P-channel MOSFET offers low on-resistance in a tiny package

DIODES INCORPORATED
A new, miniature 12V P-channel enhancement-mode MOSFET from Diodes Inc., has been introduced to meet the requirements of designers of space-constrained portable products.
The DMP1245UFCL is produced in the compact and thermally-efficient DFN1616 package: it has a typical profile when mounted of 0.5mm, making it 20% thinner than competing parts with equivalent performance. It occupies a PCB area of just 2.56mm2, barely half the size of comparable devices in 2mm x 2mm packages. The excellent thermal properties of the MOSFET mean that it is able to tolerate a continuous current of 4A. In keeping with the requirements of batterypowered end-products, the DMP1245UFCL is characterised by very low on-resistance which ensures that conduction losses are kept to a minimum, thereby extending battery life. For example, the MOSFETs maximum on-resistance of 29m, at VGS of 4.5V, is 15% better than that of its closest rival. The part also offers users the advantage of strong protection against ESD. With gate protection specified at 3kV, this MOSFET is highly resistant to the effects of human-borne ESD.
WORKING PARTNER
Micrels buck regulators: Page 13
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Battery charging Battery disconnect switch Load switching Integrated ESD diode 1.7W power rating at 25C 16.1nC gate charge at 4.5V, 1A 10A gate-source leakage at 8V 10m maximum on-resistance at 1.5V
FEATURES
APPLICATIONS

DMP1245UFCL: board footprint of just 2.56mm2
my-ftm.com/120111
COMPONENT FOCUS
Mid-voltage MOSFETs deliver high efficiency in AC-DC power supplies

Fairchild Semiconductors PowerTrench MOSFET family of 100V and 150V devices helps designers to achieve high efficiency and power density with a low component count in AC-DC converters.
Part of the mid-voltage power MOSFET portfolio, these devices are optimised power switches that combine a small gatecharge (Qg), a small reverse recovery charge (Qrr) and a soft reverse recovery body diode. This enables fast switching for synchronous rectification in AC-DC power supplies. These devices employ a shielded-gate structure that provides charge balance. By using this technology, the figure of merit the product of Qg and onresistance is 66% lower than in previous devices. This enables designers to achieve higher efficiency in power supplies across a wide range of applications. A low reverse recovery charge and the soft reverse recovery body diode reduce voltage spikes or oscillation in the system, eliminating the snubber circuit, or replacing a higher-rated
MOSFET, to enhance efficiency and reduce the bill of materials cost. Fairchild Semiconductor recently expanded the PowerTrench family of 100V and 150V devices to include industrial-type packages: the TO-220, D2PAK, TO247, I2PAK, TO220 Full Pack and D2PAK-7L. The first parts available in the industrial-type packages are the FDP083N15A_F102, FDB082N15A and FDP036N10A.
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Synchronous rectification circuits Solar micro-inverters AC motor drives Offline uninterruptible power supplies Telecom power distribution systems Battery chargers 6.7m on-resistance (FDB082N15A) Fast switching speed Low gate-charge 54ns maximum turn-on delay time
Fairchild PowerTrench MOSFETs enable fast switching in synchronous rectifier circuits
APPLICATIONS
FEATURES
my-ftm.com/120112
Small-signal MOSFETs benefit from low on-resistance

NXP SEMICONDUCTORS
NXP Semiconductors has recently expanded its range of products for users of small-signal MOSFETs. It now covers requirements from the largest SOT223 to the smallest, a SOT883 package.
It has also announced new leadless package solutions with an extra heat-sink to provide design engineers with higher efficiency and higher current capability while occupying less board space. Some members of the family are optimised for low on-resistance, which helps to keep switching power losses low. New P-channel types offer on-resistance as low as 27m, while new N-channel types offer on-resistance as low as 15m. At the same time, the devices low threshold voltage supports operation in battery-powered applications. NXP has also announced two new devices which combine a P-channel MOSFET and a Schottky diode in a SOT1118 package. The MOSFETSchottky combination is in a 2mm x 2mm leadless package with an unusually low maximum height of 0.65mm. It offers best-inclass thermal performance, a result of its extra heat-sink. These devices are also notable for their energy efficiency: a 58m Pchannel MOSFET is combined with a Schottky diode offering maximum forward voltages of 365mV for the PMFPB6532UP and 520mV for the PMFPB6545UP, both at 1A.
WORKING
PARTNER
Fairchilds PWM controller: Page 5
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Load switches Gate drivers in DC-DC converters Low-voltage DC motor control Bi-directional level shifters Lithium-ion battery protection Buck conversion for high-end graphics
cards
APPLICATIONS
Voltage range: 12V to 300V Low threshold voltages down to <0.7V Tolerance for high peak currents and Fast switching
voltages
FEATURES
my-ftm.com/120113
COMPONENT FOCUS
Regulation and protection integrated in smart card interface IC

WORKING PARTNER
Freescales prototyping platform: Page 6
ON SEMICONDUCTOR
The new NCN8025 is a compact and highly integrated smart card interface IC which provides a low-noise power supply and a large number of circuitprotection functions.
The power supply for a smart card reader or writer is provided by a This smart card interface IC built-in low-noise LDO is available in two package regulator, with outputs at variants: the compact 1.8V, 3V or 5V. NCN8025 is in a QFN-16 The device is fully package, ideal for cost- and compatible with the ISO space-constrained CAM 7816-3, EMV 4.2 and and SIM applications. The UICC standards, and also NCN8025A is available in a with standards for set-top QFN-24 package which boxes (STBs) such as The NCN8025 offers many circuit protection features provides all of the features NDS, Nagravision and usually required in an STB Irdeto. The NCN8025 can smart card interface. be used in Conditional Design engineers can find detailed Access Modules (CAM) and Conditional information about device implementation in Access Systems (CAS), and in smart cards application note AND8003/D, available on which provide conditional access to STBs. request from info@my-ftm.com. In order to protect both the interface and the external smart card, the NCN8025 provides
protection features to prevent failures or damage. These features include: detection of card extraction over- and under-voltage detection on the cards power supply protection against short circuits or overloads on the cards power supply under-voltage detection on the interfaces power supply protection against overheating current limitation on card pins
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STBs with conditional access and Conditional access modules and systems SIM card interfaces Point-of-sale and transaction terminals Electronic payment and identification
equipment pay-per-view
APPLICATIONS
Handles smart cards in Classes A, B and C 5% regulated card power supply at 1.8V, 3V or 5V Short-circuit protection on all card pins ESD protection up to +8kV (Human Body Model)
FEATURES
my-ftm.com/120114
DETAILS ON PAGE
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N-channel MOSFETs certified for high-temperature operation

VISHAY
Vishay has released the JAN-qualified 60V 2N6660JANTX/JANTXV and 90V 2N6661JANTX/JANTXV military-grade N-channel power MOSFETs. Offering low on-resistance and fast switching times, the devices are packaged in a sealed TO-205AD can designed to withstand the high temperatures experienced in military and aerospace applications.
The parts are certified as compliant with the MIL-PRF-19500 specification, a standard which establishes the performance, quality, and reliability requirements for discrete components used in systems built for military and critical avionic applications. The 2N6660JANTXV and 2N6661JANTXV parts are subject to a 100% internal visual (pre-cap) inspection in accordance with MIL-PRF-19500.
MILITARY
AEROSPACE
TTL/CMOS direct logic-level interfaces Drivers for relays, solenoids, lamps, Solid-state relays Military and aerospace equipment 1.3 on-resistance at 10V, 1A (2N6660) 1.6V gate-source threshold voltage Turn-on delay:
8ns (2N6660) 6ns (2N6661) Low input and output leakage 35pF input capacitance

APPLICATIONS
hammers and displays
FEATURES

Vishays new 60V and 90V MOSFETs are suitable for use in military and aerospace applications
my-ftm.com/120115
COMPONENT FOCUS
Triac power switches handle voltage spikes up to 2kV

NXP SEMICONDUCTORS
The new ACTT6x-800E is a family of AC thyristor triac power switches from NXP Semiconductors.
The devices are distinguished by their selfprotective clamping structure, ensuring that they can safely withstand extreme overvoltages up to 2kV, and making them compliant with the IEC 61000-4-5 standard. They also handle peak transient currents up to 51A. They have a maximum rating for repetitive peak off-state voltage of 800V and a maximum average current rating of 6A. The ACTT6x-800E triacs can interface directly to low-power drivers and microcontrollers, and they are pin-compatible with standard triacs. They offer a protective self turn-on capability for handling high energy transients. They offer full-cycle AC conduction, and their maximum gate current is 10mA. Parts and packages: ACTT6B-800E SOT404 (D2PAK) surface mountable plastic ACTT6G-800E SOT226A (I2PAK) plastic ACTT6X-800E SOT186A (TO-220F) full pack plastic ACTT6-800E SOT78 (TO-220AB) plastic
AC fan controllers Highly inductive, resistive and safety loads White goods Loads such as contactors, circuit
breakers, valves, dispensers and door locks Pump motor circuits Reversing-induction motor control
APPLICATIONS
Safe clamping capability for low-energy Sensitive gate for easy logic-level Triggering in three quadrants only Very high immunity to false turn-on by
dV/dt
NXPs triac power switches interface directly to drivers and MCUs
FEATURES
over-voltage transients
triggering
my-ftm.com/120116
1200V IGBTs cut switching and conduction losses

INTERNATIONAL RECTIFIER
International Rectifier has introduced a family of 1200V IGBTs which offers high reliability and efficiency in applications such as induction heating, Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS), solar inverters and welding equipment.
The new IRG7PHxx family of ultra-fast 1200V IGBTs uses thin-wafer Field-Stop Trench technology which markedly reduces switching and conduction losses, resulting in higher power density and greater efficiency at higher frequencies.
Part Number IRG7PH35U IRG7PH35UD IRG7PH42U IRG7PH42UD IRG7PH46U IRG7PH46UD IRG7PH50U IRG7PSH50UD Package TO247 TO247 - Copack TO247 TO247 - Copack TO247 TO247 - Copack TO247 Sup.TO247 - Copack I (nom) 20 30 40 50 Vce(on) 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.7 Rth(j-c) 0.70oC/W 0.39oC/W 0.32oC/W 0.27oC/W
Because of the IRG7PHxx devices low losses and high switching frequency, designers can specify smaller heat sinks and use fewer magnetic components than with comparable IGBTs. This can help OEMs to achieve a lower overall system cost. The family supports a broad current range from 20A to 50A as packaged devices, and up to 150A in bare-die format. All parts offer a wide square reverse bias safe operating area, positive VCE(on) temperature coefficient, and low VCE(on), resulting in low power dissipation and high power density. In addition, parts are available with or without an internal ultra-fast soft recovery diode. Bare-die products are also available with solderable front metal for improved thermal performance, reliability and efficiency. These devices are suitable for applications which do not require short-circuit protection.
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Solar inverters Welding equipment UPS Induction heaters

FEATURES
APPLICATIONS
Switching frequency: 8kHz to 30kHz
my-ftm.com/120117
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COMPONENT FOCUS
New dual-MOSFET packages offer low on-resistance

VISHAY
Vishay has extended the footprint options for its PowerPAIR family of dual asymmetric power MOSFETs with new 3mm x 3mm and 6mm x 5mm parts.
MOSFETs in the Vishay Siliconix PowerPAIR family help to simplify designs and save space in highly efficient synchronous buck converters by providing an optimised combination of two MOSFETs in a single package. The PowerPAIR MOSFETs asymmetric configuration improves performance by allowing the size of the low-side MOSFET to be increased, resulting in lower conduction losses. Alongside the implementation of Vishays TrenchFET Gen III technology, the
Series Package PowerPAIR 3x3 PowerPAIR 6 x 3.7 PowerPAIR 6 x 3.7 PowerPAIR 6 x 3.7 PowerPAIR 6x5 PowerPAIR 6 x 3.7 CH_ID 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 VDS (V) 30 30 20 20 25 25 30 30 30 30 30 30 VGS (V) 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 RDS(on) @ 10V () 0.024 0.011 0.0068 0.0033 0.0077 0.0035 0.0093 0.0039 0.0058 0.003 0.0093 0.0047 RDS(on) Qg @ Qg @ @ 4.5V () 10V (nC) 4.5V (nC) 0.032 0.0165 0.009 0.0043 0.011 0.0048 0.013 0.0053 0.0075 0.0035 0.013 0.0059 7.4 14.2 11.5 38 17 42.5 15.6 43 26 60 15.6 36 3.5 6.8 6.9 18.2 8.1 20.5 7.7 21.2 12.5 29 7.7 17 ID Max. (A) 11 28 16 35 16 35 16 35 22 32 16 35 PD Max. (W) 16.7 31 27 48 27 48 27 48 48 100 27 48
asymmetric nature of the PowerPAIR devices allows the 3mm x 3mm SiZ300DT to achieve on-resistance as low as 11m, at 10V, on the low side. In more traditional power architectures, designers would need to use two discrete devices to achieve such a low on-resistance, increasing cost and component count. In addition, co-packaging the two MOSFETs reduces parasitic inductance from the PCB traces, which improves efficiency. Vishay has also introduced three new 6mm x 3.7mm PowerPAIR MOSFETs, extending the voltage range for this footprint from 20V to 30V. Of particular note is the SiZ790DT, the first device in this form factor with an on-board Schottky diode. In the PowerPAIR family, the smallest 3mm x 3mm device, the SiZ300DT, is ideal for currents of 10A or smaller. The largest, 6mm x 5mm, part, the SiZ910DT, is suited to currents of 15A to 25A. Four 6mm x 3.7mm devices, with voltage ratings from 20V to 30V, are intended for applications in the 10A to 20A range.
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SiZ300DT
SiZ710DT
SiZ728DT
System power POL regulators Low-voltage DC/DC converters Synchronous buck converters
APPLICATIONS
SiZ730DT
SiZ910DT
SiZ790DT
my-ftm.com/120118
Miniature RGB LED package uses little power

LUMEX
Lumex has introduced an 0404 RGB LED package into its range of QuasarBrite devices. The compact package, just 1mm x 1mm x 0.25mm, is the smallest RGB LED package available today.
It is ideally suited to multicolour LED indicator applications in restricted spaces. It draws very little power in normal operation: red, green and blue light output of 30, 40 and 20mcd respectively is produced at just 2mA. Thanks to Lumexs efficient production processes, the QuasarBrite 0404 RGB LED, part number SMLLX0404SIUPGUSB, is priced competitively.
Telephone equipment Backlights for display screens and keyboards Pulse oximeters Defibrillators Glucometers Decorative lighting Full-colour surface-mount RGB LED Operating temperature: -40C to 85C Maximum steady current:
FEATURES
APPLICATIONS
30mA (red), 25mA (green), 10mA (blue)

my-ftm.com/120119
Lumex new RGB LEDs produce up to 40mcd at 2mA
Scan this QR code for the QuasarBrite product brochure
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COMPONENT FOCUS
Buck LED driver offers highly efficient dimming

Fairchild Semiconductor has introduced the FL7701, a buck LED driver with PFC capability which enables transformer-less designs and offers markedly more efficient dimming than traditional TRIAC methods.
The conventional technique for creating an LED driver for an MRtype lamp with dimming capability uses a transformer, but power conversion in a transformer leads to considerable power losses. The FL7701, which connects directly to a DC or AC offline input, eliminates the need for a transformer. Instead, it uses a digital technique to automatically detect an AC or DC input voltage, enabling it, in the case of an AC input, to create a special internal reference signal which results in high power factor correction. Dimming is implemented with an integrated analogue circuit block.
Digital power factor realisation of >0.9 and low total harmonic distortion, together with 90% electrical efficiency, result in low energy consumption at the end product. The FL7701 thus helps system designs to conform to the most stringent worldwide regulations, such as the US governments Energy Star programme. As well as providing efficiency benefits, the FL7701 helps system designers meet customers high expectations for the lifetime of LED luminaires. A highly integrated device, the FL7701 can support luminaire lifespans of more than five years, compared to the three years achievable by current transformer-based solutions. It is particularly helpful that the FL7701 requires no electrolytic capacitors notorious for being weak links in electronic circuits on the input, output or VDD supply. Produced in a 5mm x 4mm SOP-8 package, the FL7701 uses up to 60% less board space than traditional dimming LED driver designs.
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Ornamental lights LED light bulbs and downlights LED lamps for low-power luminaires Self-biasing high-voltage supply circuit Precise 3% internal reference voltage Programmable oscillation frequency 0.85mA operating current Over-temperature protection
APPLICATIONS
FEATURES
my-ftm.com/120120
No transformer is needed in MR-type LED lamps which use the FL7701 driver IC
ESD protection optimised for high-speed automotive interfaces

NXP SEMICONDUCTORS
The new PESD1LVDS from NXP Semiconductors is designed to protect in-vehicle ultra high-speed interfaces against ESD.
The PESD1LVDS is an integrated solution, able to protect as many as four high-speed data lines at up to 3.2Gbits/line. It is suitable for applications in vehicles which use Low-Voltage Differential Signaling (LVDS), High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) and DisplayPort interfaces. The maximum ESD rating is 8kV in accordance with IEC 61000-4-2. It also provides 8kV ESD protection according to Class 3B, human body model, of the MIL-STD-883 standard.
The device is housed in a miniature SOT1165 (XSON10) surface-mounted plastic package of just 2.5mm x 1mm and a height of 0.5mm. The device supports pass-through routing to provide high signal integrity and the most efficient possible use of PCB space.
High-speed receiver and transmitter port Automotive audio-visual monitors and Automotive cameras Line capacitance of only 0.6pF with 0.05pF matching capacitance between signal pairs 5.5V reverse stand-off voltage AEC-Q101 qualified
APPLICATIONS
protection
displays
FEATURES
my-ftm.com/120121
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COMPONENT FOCUS
Hybrid DC/DC regulation scheme is efficient at high and low loads

MICREL
Micrels new MIC26603, MIC26903 and MIC261203 are synchronous DC/DC buck regulators featuring adaptive on-time control architecture for high efficiency at both full and light loads. The devices supply up to 6A, 9A and 12A of output current respectively.
Micrels HyperLight Load architecture provides high efficiency and ultra-fast transient response under medium to heavy loads, while maintaining high efficiency when driving light loads by changing to variable-frequency, discontinuous-mode operation. All three devices offer efficiency of 80% while providing an output as low as 10mA. The devices run at a constant 600kHz switching frequency in continuous-conduction mode.
The output voltage is adjustable down to 0.8V with a guaranteed accuracy of 1%. The MIC26603/903/1203 family operates over an input supply range of 4.5V to 28V. An internal linear regulator provides a regulated 5V supply to power the internal control circuitry. Devices in this product family are available in a 28-pin 5mm x 6mm MLF package.
WORKING PARTNER
Diodes MOSFET: Page 7
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Distributed power systems Telecom/networking infrastructure Printers and scanners Graphics and video cards Up to 95% efficiency Under-voltage lockout Thermal shutdown Internal soft-start Short-circuit protection Power Good output 100s Power Good delay time
FEATURES
APPLICATIONS
my-ftm.com/120122
Heavy-duty potentiometer rated for 2 million cycles

VISHAY
Vishay has released a new cermet panel potentiometer that is rated for 2 million cycles and features full IP67 sealing for reliable operation in extreme environmental conditions.
The P13Ls heavy-duty construction eliminates the need to design and build a costly protection unit to seal it against dust and moisture. An accurate source of position measurements, the P13L provides high stability and independent linearity of 5% guaranteed for the full life of the device. The devices cermet element provides better stability than the carbon elements commonly found in potentiometers. The P13Ls dielectric strength is a high 2,000Vrms, ensuring great reliability and robustness.
This potentiometer is supplied by Vishay in six different bushing options. Three different body sizes of 12.6mm, 14mm and 16mm are available, supporting shaft diameters of 3mm, 4mm and 6mm. Multiple shaft lengths can be specified.
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Military equipment Cameras Night vision devices Portable industrial equipment Power rating to 1.5W @ 70C 150ppm/C temperature co-efficient Standard resistance values: Operating temperature range:
-55C to 125C 1k, 5k, 10k, and 50k
APPLICATIONS
FEATURES

P13L potentiometer includes cermet element for hgih stability
my-ftm.com/120123
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P.I.E.
SECTION
COMPONENT FOCUS
Board-to-board connectors suitable for highspeed applications

HIROSE
Hirose has introduced the FX10/FX11 series of connectors aimed at applications which require high-speed data transmission.
The innovative design allows for superior transmission characteristics by fixing the ground plate to both sides of the header and receptacle. The connectors can support a 10Gbits/s transmission speed, making them suitable for SATA, USB2.0 and PCI Express designs. The FX10 and FX11 connectors feature surface-mounted headers and sockets in a fine pitch of just 0.5mm, allowing for maximum space saving on the board. Parallel stacking heights are available from 2mm to 5mm. The parts are available in a wide variety of contact sizes from 60 to 168 positions. To aid the retention of the connector to the board, metal fittings are provided to protect against solder peeling and mechanical stress. Long mating wiping distances are provided to ensure effective electrical continuity. Signal and ground contacts are arranged in a ratio of 10:1, with the ground plate surface-mounted to the board to reduce noise levels. To prevent solder wicking, a solder gap has been designed into the contact portion. The FX10 offers 4mm and 5mm stack heights, and the FX11 offers 2mm, 2.5mm and 3mm stack heights.
APPLICATIONS
High-speed communications interfaces Portable devices
Gold-plated contact mating area Operating temperature: -55C to 85C 0.3A maximum current rating
FEATURES
my-ftm.com/120124
New DIN rail adaptor for industrial connectors with pivot action for rapid testing
TE CONNECTIVITY
TE Connectivity has released the new HTS DIN rail adaptor, which can be snapped on to the EN60715 (IEC 715) rails typically used in switch cabinets.
By mounting directly on to a DIN rail, which is sometimes referred to as a mounting rail or TS 35 rail, using industrial connectors instead of modular terminal blocks, system designers can simplify the connection of one switch cabinet to another within a distributed automation system. The adaptor can also be used in DIN rail-mounted wiring in buildings. The HTS adaptor comes in two sizes which support four types of insert from TE Connectivitys range of rectangular industrial connectors. The adaptors design includes a fulcrum which enables the fully terminated, mounted connector to be pivoted through 100 degrees. By doing this, the cabinet builder gains access to the front and rear side of the connector. Using a small probe, each position can be easily tested for continuity. Once the test sequence is completed, the connector is swivelled back in place and is ready for service. This makes it quicker and easier to perform installation tests. After the industrial connector housing has been engaged with the mounted plug, a locking lever holds the two connector halves together. The adaptors cam-profile locking mechanism applies a spring load to the lever which prevents it from being accidentally operated. This added safety feature makes handling within densely packed cabinets easier. Space inside a cabinet is often at a premium, and so TE Connectivity has made the adaptors design symmetrical: it can thus be mounted horizontally or vertically to make the best use of the available space. The cable can enter from any direction, which is helpful if the adaptor has to be mounted at the bottom or top of a cabinet. The adaptor can also be panel-mounted. The HTS adaptors frame is made from glass fibre-reinforced plastic.
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Distributed industrial automation systems Building automation systems Tactile feedback in locking mechanism Accommodates cable gauges up to Dimensions comply with EN 60715
(IEC 715) 16mm2
APPLICATIONS
FEATURES
my-ftm.com/120125
HTS DIN rail adaptor: swivel-action connector makes for quicker and easier installation testing
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DESIGN NOTE
How to optimise audio performance when designing a digital microphone interface

WOLFSON MICROELECTRONICS
The estimated signal bandwidth (BW) available from the DMICs PDM output is: BW = Fclk/100 where: BW = signal bandwidth available from PDM Fclk = DMIC input CLK frequency given the microphones internal oversampling rate is 50FS. The DMIC interfaces directly to the CODECs digital domain without any analogue pre-amplifier or gain stage required. The PDM signal is downsampled by the decimation filters in the CODEC into a Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) signal at a much lower sampling frequency with n bits (n>1 bit) in audio samples to represent signal amplitude. The DMICs CLK frequency is in the range 1-3.25MHz and will depend on the CODECs internal clocking scheme. CODECs, however, support a standard sampling clock frequency for PCM outputs. Therefore the DMIC CLK frequency must be chosen to support the targeted signal bandwidth in PCM mode. For example, with a CODEC ADC sampling at 48kHz, the PCM signal bandwidth is: BW = 48kHz/2 = 24kHz Therefore, the minimum DMIC CLK frequency required is 2.4MHz. If the DMIC is given a 1.536MHz clock frequency, the available PDM bandwidth is limited to 15.36kHz: the limited bandwidth in PDM will be translated into a higher noise floor observed in the PCM signal from 15.36kHz to 24kHz. The output Fig. 2: Stereo digital microphone interface characteristic of the DMIC also enables the output of two microphones to be connected in a stereo configuration as shown in Figure 2. The data from one microphone are interleaved with the data from the other. The left channel is transmitted following the rising CLK edge when LRSEL = 1. Therefore the left channel should be sampled by the CODEC on the falling edge. Similarly when LRSEL = 0, the DMIC is set as the right channel. In this case, the right channel DMIC is sampled by the CODEC on the rising CLK edge. The output data on the stereo DMIC configuration is shown in Figure 3.
Traditional analogue microphones require the designer to take great care to preserve the integrity of the signal on its path to the ADC or CODEC, because the microphones small analogue output voltages are highly sensitive to interference.
In addition, each analogue microphone requires its own dedicated input pin on the ADC or CODEC. Many audio systems will benefit from the use of multiple microphones, for instance to support stereo recording, ambient noise cancellation, or microphone-array or beam-forming features. But the designer pays a high price to implement such features with multiple analogue microphones, in board space, component count and bill-of-materials cost. Designers developing systems with multiple microphones can overcome these drawbacks of analogue microphones by using the WM7210 and WM7220 digital microphones (DMICs) from Wolfson Microelectronics. The digital interface on these devices provides a direct connection to the digital domain of Wolfson CODECs, which means that a DMIC implementation requires fewer external components and a smaller PCB area, as well as offering greater immunity to interference, than the equivalent analogue design. There are, however, important considerations to be borne in mind when designing the interface of the DMIC to a CODEC if the system is to achieve the best possible microphone performance. Clearly, high audio performance depends in part on the quality of the components used: Wolfsons WM7210 and WM7220 DMICs offer bestin-class low-noise performance, with a specification for signal-to-noise ratio of 58dB. They deliver a Pulse Density Modulation (PDM) output. Wolfson also provides a wide range of audio CODECs with single or multiple DMIC input interfaces. They connect to DMICs via a simple twowire CLK and DATA interface. Each DMIC interface supports one or two microphones. PDM signal The DMIC incorporates a sigma-delta architecture and hence produces a 1-bit PDM signal to represent the acoustic signal, as shown in Figure 1. A high density of 1s represents the positive cycle, and the negative cycle shows a high density of 0s. In other words, the amplitude of the analogue signal is encoded by the density of bits. The CODECs DMIC interface supports single or dual WM72xx DMICs by multiplexing separate PDM streams together on different clock edges.
Fig. 1: PDM representation of an analogue input sine wave
The DMIC interface with PDM output is robust and insensitive to noise on the PCB as the critical analogue domain is shielded inside the DMIC. The analogue signal from the MEMS transducer in the DMIC is sampled at high speed into a 1-bit ADC, and the PDM signal output is generated at the applied DMIC CLK rate.
Fig. 3: Output data in a stereo DMIC configuration
my-ftm.com/120126
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A P P L I C AT I O N S P O T L I G H T A U D I O T E C H N O L O G Y
Audio Technology Product Matrix

Introducing the audio technology product matrix, designed to make your component selection significantly easier. This matrix highlights leading audio technology suppliers all available through Future Electronics. Advanced engineering support will help to ensure the best product fit for each application, with expert on-line resources and best-in-class logistics supporting all featured products. Integrated Device Technology
Wolfson Microelectronics
Fairchild Semiconductor
Cypress Semiconductor
Rohm Semiconductor
International Rectifier
NXP Semiconductors
austriamicrosystems
Diodes Incorporated
STMicroelectronics
ON Semiconductor
Future Electronics
TE Connectivity
Microchip
Freescale
Littelfuse
Nichicon
Enpirion
Realtek
Vishay
Product Type
ADC DAC CODEC Audio Transistors Class AB Amplifiers Class D Class G & W High Power Op-Amps Audio Passives Audio Routing Audio Decompression MCU/DSP Signal Processing Surround Sound Software Volume Control Noise Cancellation Audio Streaming AVB Radio Docking Stations MP3 Circuit Protection Companders Comparators Connectors Filters Ethernet Interfaces HDMI SPDIF USB Microphones Power Management Precision Clocks Capacitors Resistors Magnetic Components/Inductors Franchise Partners Phono FM/AM/DAB FLAC/MP3/ WAV
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F R E E D E V E L O P M E N T K I T S AT W W W. M Y- B O A R D C L U B . C O M
XMOS
Myrra
Audio Technology
The speed with which audio is becoming an embedded digital application is remarkable: this trend is having large disruptive effects at both the high and low ends of the audio product market, both in hi-fi and industrial audio end-products. In hi-fi, as well as professional audio equipment, the adoption of lossless file formats such as FLAC is enabling audiophiles to combine the convenience and portability of digitally downloaded and streamed content with better than CD-quality sound. A variety of approaches to hardware architecture can be found in digital audio streaming equipment on the market today, with some of the most innovative manufacturers choosing to base their designs on XMOS USB Audio Class 2.0 implementation. In fact, the traditionally analogue expertise of the hi-fi world is now being complemented by the techniques of digital coding, decoding and enhancement. And the best way for design engineers to experiment with the new digital processing technology is to use Future Electronics AudioStreamer Micro-Blox, a development kit which provides a ready-made proof-of-concept template for a high-end digital streaming device. The same board can also be used for rapid development of industrial audio products. It has become markedly cheaper and easier to integrate audio capability into end-products which never previously included audio. Highly compressed file formats such as Ogg Vorbis offer quite adequate sound quality for basic audio applications while occupying a small memory footprint. Devices featured in this Application Spotlight, such as Rohms BU9470x MP3 Encoder/Decoder, page 21, and IDTs ACS422x00 CODEC family, page 19, are ideal for such applications, as well as more conventional audio endproducts. Whatever kind of end-product you are developing, Future Electronics can offer excellent technical and better supplychain support than any other broadline distributor. For instance, many field applications engineers have in-depth knowledge of audio products from Wolfson Microelectronics, Freescale Semiconductor, XMOS and ON Semiconductor. In addition, Future Electronics regional distribution centre in Leipzig, Germany, holds large stocks of specialist audio components, including high-specification capacitors and resistors, which are not available as standard from other broadline distributors. Contact your nearest branch of Future Electronics to find out more about the range of services and products that we can offer to developers of audio applications.
New digital audio development board lets designers experiment with a choice of audio file formats and DACs
FUTURE ELECTRONICS
Quicker development of digital audio equipment, from hi-fi quality to low-cost, low-power embedded or industrial audio, is now possible with the introduction of the new AudioStreamer Micro-Blox development board from Future Electronics.
The new development board features an ARM Cortex-M4 microcontroller with audio file decompression software, a choice of highend and low-cost DACs, a CODEC, and digital and analogue microphones. By using the boards free PC-based graphical user interface, which connects to the board via USB, developers can start recording and playing back audio files in minutes. The board also provides a hardware environment in which to develop code and evaluate the performance of ARM Cortex-M4 application software. At the heart of the new board is the MK60N512VMD100 microcontroller from Freescale, a member of the K60 Kinetis family of products. With the free MQX real-time operating system and a free USB stack preloaded on the microcontroller, the board provides a highly capable general platform for ARM Cortex-M4 development work. For system-level prototyping, it can be interfaced to Future Electronics LongBow Future-Blox motherboard. The boards software uses the ARM DSP CMSIS library, which has been optimised for the DSP co-processor available on the ARM Cortex-M4 core an attractive feature in applications such as motor control. But the specialist software and peripheral features on the AudioStreamer MicroBlox make it particularly suitable for the rapid development of digital audio equipment proofs-of-concept. Audio file decoding software embedded in the microcontroller can handle MP3, FLAC, WAV and Ogg Vorbis file types. FLAC, a lossless file format, is becoming popular in hi-fi equipment in which excellent sound reproduction and very low distortion are of paramount importance. Ogg Vorbis, by contrast, is an opensource, royalty-free file format that achieves tighter compression than MP3, and thus is used in embedded and industrial audio applications in which the emphasis is on reducing the requirement for memory. The powerful K60 microcontroller also has ample processing power to run other software for decoding files such as ALAC, WMA, AIFF and AAC. An Ethernet connection for file downloading is provided via the KSZ8031RNL, a small, low-power Ethernet transceiver from Micrel.
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Digital audio streaming equipment Embedded and industrial audio Hi-Fi High-end WM8741 DAC for playback of Low-cost WM8524 DAC for playback of Small, efficient on-board power supply Three 3.5mm stereo sockets WM8904 ultra low-power CODEC Two digital microphones and one
analogue microphone
FOR MORE INFO AND LATEST PRICING
APPLICATIONS
FEATURES
FLAC files
compressed audio files
my-ftm.com/120127
DETAILS ON PAGE
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AudioStreamer board decodes FLAC, WAV, MP3 and Ogg Vorbis files
Audio amplifier implements advanced powersaving techniques

The FAB3102 is a mono Class-D boosted audio amplifier with differential audio inputs. An integrated boost regulator allows for high output power over a power-supply range of 2.5-5.2V.
The devices automatic boost shutdown function changes the amplifiers supply voltage in response to the audio output level. At audio output levels above 2V peak, the FAB3102s boost converter generates 5.65V from the battery input voltage. When the audio output falls below 2V for more than 125ms, the boost converter is switched off and the Class-D amplifier is supplied directly from the battery. As a result, efficiency is improved at low output levels, and quiescent current is kept to a minimum. The devices automatic gain control function monitors battery supply voltage. When the voltage falls to low levels, indicating that the battery is close to completely discharged, the FAB3102 automatically reduces gain to limit the current drawn from the battery. This helps to extend run-time in battery-powered applications. The FAB3102 generates low EMI emissions, which means that the two output pins can be connected directly to a speaker without an output filter. The input section includes an 80kHz low-pass filter for removing out-of-band noise from audio sources, such as sigma-delta DACs.
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Headphone driver circuits Speaker driver circuits Short-circuit protection Low-voltage shutdown Click and pop suppression 0.03% THD+N (at 1kHz, 1W output)
FAB3102: output pins can be connected to a speaker without a filter
APPLICATIONS
FEATURES
my-ftm.com/120128
New release of MQX RTOS adds support for USB Audio Class
FREESCALE
Freescale Semiconductor has announced that it has added support for USB Audio Class technology in the latest v3.8 release of its MQX embedded Real-Time Operating System (RTOS).
The MQX RTOS is available as a free software option with Freescales wide range of microcontrollers and processors, and comes with TCP/IP and USB stacks and drivers for all the peripherals on these hardware devices. Now, with demand among embedded OEMs for the provision of audio interfaces via USB growing dramatically, the USB stack in MQX has been enhanced to enable the fast and simple development of USB-based audio in a wide range of end-products. USB to Audio provides a flexible and cost effective way to add audio input or output devices into embedded applications, as USB is a commonly used interface technology. The MQX USB stack includes pre-tested features, and integrated MCU-specific Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to connect the software to Freescales MCUs and processors. It also provides a Device Layer to bridge an MCU to the various USB Class APIs, including the USB to Audio API. This means that the design engineer does not need to be concerned with hardware integration, and can focus instead on developing application-specific code. Freescales MQX download package also helps the designer by providing two, ready-to-use demonstration projects. These are: a USB Audio Speaker demonstration, showing data being transferred out over the USB audio bridge a USB Audio Generator demonstration showing how audio data may be received via the USB port.
Freescales MQX offers a straightforward API with a modular architecture, making it easy to fine-tune custom applications. It is also scalable, making it suitable for a wide range of applications. Users of MQX Software Solutions and silicon portfolio are also able to benefit from a suite of tools and services provided by Freescale. The MQX RTOS supports many of Freescales embedded MCUs and processors, including 16- and 32-bit digital signal controllers and 32-bit Kinetis, PX and ColdFire microcontrollers, as well as its 32-bit Power-based QorIQ processors.
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In-car audio bridges Building controls Elevator control panels Fire and security systems Integrated drivers and stacks USB Audio Class support Development support from Freescale and
Future Electronics
APPLICATIONS
FEATURES
my-ftm.com/120129
MQX operating system: available with many Freeescale MCUs and processors
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Portable audio sub-system-on-chip includes programmable clock generator

INTEGRATED DEVICE TECHNOLOGY
Integrated Device Technology has announced the world's first audio subsystem for portable applications that contains an integrated programmable clock generator.
The ACS422x00 family includes a high-fidelity CODEC which offers a combination of low noise and distortion, audio processing capabilities for sound enhancement, and low power consumption. The device also contains four programmable system PLLs for internal and external timing, a DDX Class-D speaker amplifier and a true cap-less headphone amplifier. By integrating programmable PLLs and high-efficiency, highfidelity audio, OEMs can design more quickly an end-product that is better, smaller and cheaper. The four integrated programmable system PLLs are unique to IDTs CODEC and enable the timing management of a systems applications processor, USB interface, secondary audio and other sub-systems. This allows system designers to eliminate large, costly crystals and oscillators which can often cause procurement delays. IDT has integrated spread-spectrum capability into the timing system, thus eliminating the risk of EMI. In addition, IDTs patented DDX Class-D technology offers higher efficiency than conventional binary Class-D devices. This results in a significant extension of battery life which is a critical requirement in portable consumer electronics products. The high fidelity in the signal chain is complemented by a programmable DSP filter engine which enriches the sound output through dynamics processing, providing 3D, bass and treble enhancement. The digital processor also implements equalisation, speaker protection, and volume optimisation when using small speakers. IDT also offers complete driver support and tuning tools for faster time-to-market with Linux and Android systems, and flexibility in speaker selection and mechanical design. The IDT ACS422x00 family is available in a dual-row QFN 6mm x 6mm package.
Class-D Amplifier Support Stereo Microphone/ Line-in Support 3 analogue mic./ line-in ports 1 digital mic. and 2 analogue mic./ line-in ports 3 analogue mic./ line-in ports 1 digital mic. and 2 analogue mic./ line-in ports
Part Number
ACS422Axx
ACS422Dxx
Stereo
ACS422MAxx
Mono
Sophisticated sound-enhancement features in ACS422x00 To enhance the sound available from the small, low-power speakers typically found in a portable device, the ACS422x00 provides numerous audio-enhancement capabilities. The ACS422x00 features dual, independent, programmable left/right 6-band equalisation, allowing the system designer to provide an advanced system equaliser to accommodate the chosen speakers and enclosure design. A compressor/limiter features programmable attack and release thresholds, enabling the designer to attenuate loud noises to avoid speaker artifacts, thus allowing the underlying content to be played at a louder volume without distortion. For compressed audio, a programmable expander is available to help restore the dynamic range of the original content. A stereo depth-enhancement algorithm allows common left/right content, such as dialogue, to be attenuated separately from other content, providing a perceived depth separation between background and foreground audio. Psycho-acoustic bass- and treble-enhancement algorithms achieve a rich, full tone even from originally compressed content, and even with speakers generally unable to play low-frequency sounds.
ACS422MDxx
Mono
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Tablet computers Portable navigation devices Personal media players Portable projectors Speaker docks
DAC offers 102dB SNR, THD+N better ADC offers 90dB SNR, THD+N better Anti-pop circuitry Capless headphone driver delivers 40mW Typical efficiency 83% at 1W output I S data interface Microphone/line-in interface 2-wire, I C-compatible, control interface
2 2
FEATURES
than -82dB
than -80dB
into a 16 load
power
my-ftm.com/120130
ACS42200 audio sub-system with programmable PLLs

ACS422x00: advanced audio-enhancement features enable improved sound output from a variety of speaker, heaphone and earphone types
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Efficient audio amps support start-stop operation in hybrid and electric vehicles
NXP SEMICONDUCTORS
The TDF8530 Class-D amplifier is ideal for automotive head-unit and sound-system platforms. High-end home entertainment systems such as media player docking stations can also benefit from the audiophilequality sound performance of the TDF8530. This Class-D amplifier is also designed to support new application areas such as ambient sound systems that can create engine sounds for electric vehicles, or active noisecancellation systems. The TDF8530 also offers a full range of diagnostics and protection features to ensure robust performance in the automotive environment. Controlled via an I2C bus, these features include start-up diagnostics, speaker protection, clip detection and tweeter detection. Thermal fold-back integrated in hardware protects the device from overheating. The TDF8546 Class-AB amplifier also offers high efficiency and support for smooth audio output during start-stop operation, but at lower cost than the TDF8530. The TDF8546 achieves extremely high efficiency because it implements a patented switching technology to share current across all four front and rear channels. This produces the same output power on a lower supply current than systems which share current only between the front or the rear channels. The TDF8546 also eliminates switch noise in the signal path, and offers a full range of bestin-class diagnostics and protection features suitable for the testing automotive environment.
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Four channels capable of driving 4 or 4 x 26W/72W output power Operating supply voltage: 6V to 24V Low pop noise Suitable for 2 to 4 speakers 4 x 25W output power Operating supply voltage: 6V to 18V No pop noise No switch noise Protection against short thermal overloads
and ESD 2 loads
FEATURES (TDF8530)
NXP Semiconductors has announced two new automotive audio amplifiers supporting energy-saving start-stop systems in vehicles: the TDF8530 and TDF8546. Both amplifiers enable an uninterrupted audio experience during sudden supply-voltage drops down to 6V in hybrid and other electric vehicles which operate in start-stop mode.
The TDF8530 is an ultra-efficient quad-channel Class-D audio amplifier. The TDF8546 is a quad-channel Class-AB amplifier which offers a ground-breaking best-efficiency mode. This can cut power dissipation by 17% compared to other high-efficiency devices in its class.
FEATURES (TDF8546)
my-ftm.com/120131
Integrated amplifier digitises microphone inputs

The FAN3850A is an integrated preamplifier and ADC which offers low power consumption and high noise rejection in portable electronics devices.
The device is ideal for amplifying and digitising the input from an Electret Condenser Microphone (ECM). The pre-amplifier accepts analogue signals from the ECM and drives an over-sampled sigma-delta ADC which generates a Pulse Density Modulated (PDM) data stream. As a PDM digital signal, the audio output is far more resistant to distortion caused by ambient noise than the ECMs native analogue signal. In addition, the digital output is easily handled by the host systems application processor or microcontroller. The FAN3850A features an integrated LDO and is powered from the system supply rails up to 3.63V. The devices operating power consumption is a low 0.85mW; it consumes less than 20W in power-down mode. The device is available in versions that deliver 16dB and 19dB gain. These parts deliver a typical signal-to-noise ratio at a 1kHz input frequency of 62dB(A) for the 16dB-gain version, and 61dB(A) for the 19dBgain version. Total harmonic distortion is typically 0.02% at the same frequency. The part is available in a 1.26mm x 0.86mm 6-ball WLCSP package.
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Personal communications devices Headsets

FEATURES
Standard 5-wire digital interface 20Hz pre-amplifier 1.5A sleep-mode current 470A supply current
APPLICATIONS
my-ftm.com/120132
FAN3850A: uses less than 20W in power-down mode
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Advanced power control helps headphone amplifiers extend playback time

AUSTRIAMICROSYSTEMS
The AS3560 and AS3561 stereo headphone amplifiers from austriamicrosystems use dynamic power control technology to enable long playback time in portable devices such as mobile phones and media players.
The new 30mW headphone amplifiers continuously adjust the supply rails in response to the input signal, markedly reducing power consumption when compared to traditional Class-A/B amplifiers. The AS3560 is a Class-G amplifier, while the AS3561 uses the even more efficient Class-H topology. The AS3560 Class-G device switches between 3 power rails depending on the amplitude of the input signal, while the Class-H AS3561 adapts the power rail to whatever power is needed to drive the headphone output. Both devices use differential line inputs to minimise the effects of ground noise and EMI. Alongside the advanced power control technology, the devices deliver excellent audio performance, with a >100dB signal-to-noise ratio at 1Vrms and total harmonic distortion of just 0.02% at 16. The integrated charge pump generates a symmetric negative supply for a true-ground output: this saves space and minimises system cost by eliminating the need for bulky and expensive DC blocking capacitors. An I2C bus enables volume control with 32 gain steps, as well as independent channel control. The AS3560 and AS3561 are both available in a 16-ball 1.6mm x 1.6mm WLCSP package.
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Mobile phones Portable navigation devices Media and music players Supply voltage: 2.3V to 5.5V Fully differential inputs Current and temperature supervisor
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my-ftm.com/120133
AS3560/1s variable supply rails reduce power consumption in portable audio devices
Integrated audio decoders support multiple digital formats

ROHM SEMICONDUCTOR
Rohm Semiconductor has extended its family of USB audio decoder ICs with two new devices which permit MP3 recording as well as digital audio playback.
The existing BU94601/3/4KV family of devices enables audio playback of digital audio files, from USB devices and SD card memory, using a single chip. The BU94605/7KV parts provide additional input from a CD-ROM interface. The products are ideal for equipment including audio-visual receivers and set-top boxes, radio players and stereo component systems. Now two new parts add to these capabilities with an MP3 encoding function, enabling a CDs audio content to be saved in MP3 format. The BU94702KV is intended to interface to USB devices and SD memory cards. The BU94705KV* can additionally interface to iPod media players. The devices can help OEMs to respond to consumers growing use of USB and SD memory cards as a storage medium for audio and multimedia files due to their fast read/write speeds, and their greater convenience compared to CDs and DVDs. Steadily decreasing costs are another reason they are becoming more mainstream. The number of applications using USB and SD memory is expected to grow in the future, for example by adding encoding capability that allows the user to
record and listen to music while driving without requiring dedicated equipment. The BU9470xKV parts offer USB and SD memory card host functionality, an MP3/ AAC/WMA file decoder, FAT file system, and a music search function (file browser) which enables the user to select tracks during playback. The devices contain an LDO and DAC, so creating an audio playback system just requires the addition of a power-supply audio amplifier and speakers.
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Alarm clocks Relaxation products such as massage Electronic dictionaries Digital cameras iPod docking stations (BU94705KV* only) USB2.0 Full-Speed host interface 2 x input-speed MP3 encoder CD-ROM decoder Reads and writes data files
APPLICATIONS
chairs
FEATURES
my-ftm.com/120134
Rohm: highly integrated audio decoder ICs
*Requires Made for iPod/iPhone/iPad licence iPod and iPhone are registered trademarks of Apple Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. iPad is a trademark of Apple Inc.
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Signal processing delivers improved voice quality in noisy environments

ON SEMICONDUCTOR
ON Semiconductor has introduced BelaSigna R261, a sophisticated mixed-signal IC which improves the quality of voice signal capture in products which are prone to noise and distortion.
Featuring a novel approach to removing mechanical, stationary and non-stationary noise, the chip preserves the natural sound of the voice, improving the intelligibility of conversations conducted on distorting devices such as telephone handsets and speakerphones. BelaSigna R261 provides two preconfigured algorithms: in close-talk mode, for use with handsets, the algorithm aggressively filters noise and manages gain to pick up speech up to 10cm from the microphone array. In conference mode, it detects and enhances speech from a distance of up to 6m, while removing less environmental noise than in close-talk mode. The device also allows the designer to customise the algorithm to reach the manufacturer's desired balance between noise reduction and preservation of the voices natural quality. In addition, BelaSigna R261 is a fully adaptive system that will automatically adjust its signal-processing algorithm to match the input conditions. This means, for instance, that it intensifies noise reduction as the level of ambient noise increases. The sophisticated way in which the IC detects
and analyses voice signals allows for very flexible positioning of the microphones in the end-product. It also gives end-users complete freedom to locate the communications device anywhere they like. Designed to be compatible with a wide range of CODECs, baseband chips and microphones without the need for calibration, BelaSigna R261 is easy to integrate. The chip is provided in two compact 5.3mm2 WLCSP packages, suitable for use in space-constrained end-products.
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Mobile phones Tablet computers Webcams Any device that picks up voice Plugs directly into a digital microphone
FEATURES
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interface or into a host chip's microphone inputs Configurable algorithm performance 15mA current draw in active mode at 3.3V Flexible clocking architecture
BelaSigna helps to improve voice quality in speaker phones
my-ftm.com/120135
Microchip introduces smallest, lowest-cost PIC32 microcontrollers

MICROCHIP
Microchip has extended the appeal of its 32-bit PIC microcontrollers into smaller and more cost-sensitive applications with the introduction of the MX1 and MX2 series of low pincount devices.
The PIC32 MX1 and MX2 MCUs provide a useful 61DMIPS processor capability, and are available in packages as small as 5mm x 5mm. These new PIC MCUs include a range of additional features, including dedicated audio and capacitive-sensing peripherals, which make them suitable for applications in the consumer, industrial, medical and automotive markets. Rated for operation up to 105C, the PIC32 MX1 and MX2 MCUs include up to 32kbytes of Flash and 8kbytes of SRAM, and a 10-bit, 1Msamples/s, 13channel ADC. Microchips Charge Time Measurement Unit (CTMU) peripheral, included in both the MX1 and MX2 series, enables designers to add mTouch capacitive touch buttons or sensors. An 8-bit Parallel Master Port (PMP) interface for graphics or external memory enables designers to easily extend system capabilities with peripheral components. Microchip has set out to ease the upward migration path from its 16-bit PIC24F product line to the PIC32 MX1 and MX2. The new 32-bit devices are pin-compatible with most PIC24F devices, and are also supported by the same MPLAB X IDE development environment which designers use with
Microchips 8- and 16-bit PIC MCUs. The PIC32MX110F016B and PIC32MX220F032 MCUs are available in 28-pin, 36-pin and 44-pin packages. Microchips Peripheral Pin Select feature allows developers to remap most of the chips digital-function pins, significantly simplifying the task of modifying a board layout.
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Consumer Industrial Medical Automotive
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40MHz M4K MIPS32 core Operating voltage: 2.3V to 3.6V Two I2S interfaces for audio processing USB2.0 interface Serial communications interfaces
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DETAILS ON PAGE
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PIC32 MX1 and MX2: wide range of audio interfaces
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Active noise-cancelling ICs offer up to 30dB of noise reduction

AUSTRIAMICROSYSTEMS
Two active noise-cancelling (ANC) ICs from austriamicrosystems promise improved sound performance and reduced power consumption in wired and wireless headsets.
The AS3400 and AS3420 offer at least 20% longer battery life than comparable ANC solutions. They also offer a +10dB signal-tonoise ratio in any conditions. The AS3420 is a fully differential ANC speaker driver designed to connect directly to common mono Bluetooth systems-on-chip. It can also be used with other types of wireless headset. The AS3420 can be used in both feedforward and feedback ANC configurations. The device allows for the development of simple low-order filters as well as complex multipleorder filters, thanks to the integrated low-noise amplifiers. In addition, the microphone input features a fully differential low-noise amplifier, adjustable gain over 128 steps, and OTP ROM for factory setting of gain. Like the AS3420, the AS3400 is a low-power ANC speaker driver designed to reduce ambient background noise and
improve the quality of conversations and music playback, but it is designed for use in wired headsets. The AS3400 can also be configured for feedback or feed-forward operation. The receive path in both ICs delivers up to 30dB of noise reduction. The devices also provide click- and pop-less operation at startup and during mode switching. The integrated headphone amplifiers are notable for their low contribution to total harmonic distortion: 0.1% for the AS3420 and 0.03% for the AS3400. Both driver ICs draw just 3.8mA at 1.5V and less than 1A quiescent current. The AS3400 is housed in a 4mm x 4mm QFN24 package, and the AS3420 in a 4mm x 4mm QFN20 package.
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Bluetooth mono headsets Wired mono headsets Headsets with high-impedance speakers Supply voltage: 1.0-1.8V Assisted-hearing mode Microphone gain re-trimmable up to three times
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my-ftm.com/120137
AS3400 and AS3420: support feedback and feed-forward noise-cancelling topologies
Reference design board offers audiophile-quality USB Audio Class 2.0

XMOS
XMOS has introduced a reference design based on its XS1-L2 configurable processor which implements the USB Audio Class 2.0 software framework. The reference design kit consists of a hardware platform, source code, demonstration drivers and documentation.
Providing USB2.0 Hi-Speed device and Audio Class 2.0 device-class implementations, the reference design also offers configurable digital audio interfaces, peripherals and the ability to integrate audio processing. USB Audio Class 2.0 provides a dramatic improvement over USB Audio Class 1.0 with the addition of 24-bit audio, sample frequencies up to 192kHz, low, 3ms roundtrip, latency and the ability to scale to large numbers of input/output channels. The XMOS reference design is suited to audiophile and professional audio designs. Offering asynchronous clocking, it provides complete control of the audio master clock for very low jitter, helping to produce an extremely high-quality digital audio output. The flexibility of the XMOS USB Audio Class 2.0 solution allows developers to quickly and easily customise the reference design. In addition to I/O flexibility, processing capacity is available for DSP functions such as mixing, level metering and audio enhancement. By implementing the design on an XS1-L2, which can be configured to provide processor, DSP, FPGA and ASIC-like functions on a single chip, OEMs benefit from a unified design flow in C, XC and C++. This helps to make the development process both quicker and simpler. The XMOS USB Audio Class 2.0 software framework is available, free of charge, as source code under a royalty-free licence. The reference design can operate on a plugand-play basis with Audio Class 2.0-enabled computers: it has native Apple Mac OS X support, and Windows drivers are available. Further information available at: www.xmos.com/usbaudio
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USB audio-enabled products DJ interfaces and consoles Mixing consoles Surround-sound equipment 1,000MIPS, 16-thread XS1-L2 processor 18 channels in and out via analogue and Integrated DSP (digital mixer) Flexible audio I/O:
I2S, TDM, SPDIF, ADAT, MIDI
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digital interfaces.
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DETAILS ON PAGE
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DEVELOPMENT BOARDS IN THIS ISSUE
Future Electronics Board Club: supporting innovative electronics design

Europes electronics industry thrives on the application of innovation and creativity, and an essential innovators tool in design projects is the development board. The Board Club website is a Future Electronics resource for users of development boards. Here, and only here, Board Club members can gain access to exclusive free development boards and development board offers. If you would like to register for membership, please visit: www.my-boardclub.com/register.php
Board of the Month Communications-rich platform board brings LPCXpresso development into the real world
A new carrier card, introduced by Future Electronics, enables design engineers to create a highly realistic system development environment using NXP Semiconductors renowned LPCXpresso ARM Cortex microcontroller board. The LPCXpresso carrier card, called the Future-Blox LPCXpresso Adaptor Board, plugs into the 160-way header on Future Electronics CrossBow baseboard. The CrossBow baseboard provides a wide range of interfaces and peripherals including USB, CAN 2.0, RS-232 and RS-485 ports, sockets for optional ZigBee and Bluetooth sockets, power supplies and a 16x2 character display. The carrier card, which is supplied with drivers for the CrossBow peripherals and code examples showing their use, allows users of the LPCXpresso development board to quickly build a proof-of-concept or prototype of their end-product and to write application software targeting the ARM Cortex microcontroller on the LPCXpresso board. The LPCXpresso Adaptor Board system from Future Electronics consists of three elements: The popular CrossBow baseboard: a communications-rich host for microcontroller mezzanine cards The adaptor board: a carrier card which plugs into the CrossBow board. The adaptor board comes with drivers and example software for the interfaces and communications modules supported by the CrossBow board. An LPCXpresso development board, which plugs into the adaptor board CrossBow baseboards, LPCXpresso development boards and LPCXpresso Adaptor Boards are available free to qualifying customers of Future Electronics. Existing users of Future-Blox CrossBow baseboards may apply for LPCXpresso adaptor boards.
Power supplies I C bus expander USB port Serial EEPROM ZigBee wireless sockets Bluetooth socket Ceramic buzzer Current monitor 160-way FutureBlox interface
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FEATURES
my-boardclub.com classifieds
Freescale
Microcontroller development for harsh and rugged environments. The S08PT60 module enables users of Freescales Tower System modular development platform to carry out rapid system prototyping targeting the S08P family of industrial microcontrollers. Board Reference: TWR-S08PT60 Response Number: 02
Future Electronics
Development of digital audio. Future Electronics AudioStreamer MicroBlox is a rapid proofof-concept development system for OEMs which are designing the latest generation of digital audio equipment. It includes the capability to decode FLAC, MP3 and WAV audio files, while capturing audio using the SPEEX encoder. It also supports USB Audio Class technology. Board Reference: AudioStreamer MicroBlox Response Number: 27 and 39
Microchip (continued)
For the development of basic user interfaces. The MPLAB Starter kit supports the new PIC32MX1xx/2xx MCUs. The USBpowered kit features a PIC32MX220F032, a 2-inch colour TFT display, capacitive touch slider and buttons, SD card storage and 24-bit audio playback. Board Reference: DM320013 Response Number: 36
ON Semiconductor
Smart card reader/writer applications. Evaluate the NCN8025/ NCN8025A, compact and cost effective single smart card interface ICs. Board Reference: NCN8025AMNGEVB Response Number: 14
XMOS NXP Semiconductors

Quick and easy development for NXP's ARM-based LPC microcontrollers. The LPCXpresso consists of a hardware development board and a complete software tool suite supporting the LPC1100 and LPC1110 family of ARM Cortex-M0 microcontrollers. Board Reference: LPCXpresso IDE Response Number: 03 Audio processing. A complete hardware and software reference design implementing the high audio-quality USB Audio Class 2.0 software reference framework. Board Reference: XR-USB-AUDIO-2.0-MC Response Number: 38
PowerQUICC industrial development processor module. The TWR-MPC8309 is a MPC8309 PowerQUICC development tool utilising the Freescale Tower System, a modular, reusable platform that allows designers to get to market faster with packaged boards, tools and runtime software. Board Reference: TWR-MPC8309 Response Number: 08
Microchip
Demonstrates the performance of Microchips MCP6N11 instrumentation amplifier. The MCP6N11 Wheatstone bridge reference design helps developers design with the MCP6N11, an instrumentation amplifier which offers users a combination of high accuracy stability over time and temperature as well as low power consumption. Board Reference: ARD00354 Response Number: 05
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To apply for these free boards go to: www.my-boardclub.com/ftm

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TECHNICAL VIEW
The technological stars have aligned:
why hi-fi digital audio-streaming equipment might find a ready market

From as long ago as the 1980s, the storage and playback media of choice for audiophiles have been the audio CD and, for die-hard hi-fi enthusiasts, an even older technology, the vinyl long-playing (LP) record. For a short time, the music industry hoped that SACD (Super Audio CD), introduced in 1999, would replace the conventional CD because of its superior fidelity and dynamic range, as well as its higher storage capacity. In fact, SACD has never gained a strong foothold in the mainstream consumer market outside Asia, and the 16-bit, 44.1kHz CD remains the most popular physical medium for hi-fi music.
Until now, the existence of digital file compression formats most notably MP3 has not been thought to be relevant to the audiophile market. The main purpose of lossy file formats such as MP3 has been to enable the use of small portable music players. In its standard configuration, MP3 can compress an audio file by a factor of ten, reducing the requirement for storage space and shortening download time. MP3 and other lossy compression formats are well suited to personal music systems because the imperfections caused by the compression algorithms do not materially affect perceived audio quality. Limitations in the DACs, power supplies, amplifiers and earphones commonly used in portable music players compromise sound quality as much as the source file does. Various advances in hardware and software technology, however, have made it commercially viable to produce digital audio streaming equipment of hi-fi quality. This article outlines the key elements of the architecture of such equipment, and new board-level technology that developers should consider when evaluating technology for new product designs. Technology trends supporting high-end digital audio streaming Three changes in the technology of digital audio support the introduction of hi-fi digital streaming appliances. First, the cost of memory ($/GB) is continually falling, and it is now possible to buy a Hard Disk Drive (HDD) with >1TB of capacity for the same cost as a 1GB HDD would have cost several years ago. Second, consumer choice has expanded, with high-quality audio files in a variety of lossless compression formats such as FLAC available for purchase online. Software is also freely available that rips music on CDs to FLAC files. Finally, the introduction of very high-speed broadband has made it possible to download lossless (uncompressed) audio files from the internet. So now, consumers can find CD-quality digital files online, download them quickly and store them on a PC or external HDD. It follows that, by connecting a hi-fi amplifier and speakers to their PC or external storage device, audiophiles should be able to listen to high-quality digital audio files (see Figure 1). This in turn presents a new opportunity to consumer electronics OEMs: conventional computer hardware is unable to provide the high audio quality required. Indeed, it is hard to think of a more hostile environment to highquality audio than the PC. Low-quality switching power supplies and various RF interfaces interfere with high-performance analogue outputs. And interfaces and signal processing circuitry introduce noise, jitter and distortion into the signal chain.
By Jim Porter Audio Market Development Manager, Future Electronics (EMEA) READ THIS TO FIND OUT ABOUT
The trends supporting consumers' adoption of lossless file formats How USB Audio Class technology provides superior sound output Platforms for audio-streamer development from XMOS and Future Electronics
So new audio-streamer devices will be required to: Provide an interface from the storage medium to the audio CODEC Implement FLAC decoding Perform faithful, low-noise and low-distortion conversion of the digital files to an analogue output Data transmission from HDD to AudioStreamer PCs offer a number of interfaces for transferring audio files to an AudioStreamers DAC, with USB most commonly used with portable media players. The standard USB2.0 interface implemented in todays PCs, however, suffers from excessive jitter that compromises sound quality to an unacceptable degree. In conventional USB, if the audio master clock is in the PC, then the AudioStreamers DAC must lock on to the signal coming from the computer and reconstruct a new master clock using a variable-frequency oscillator, which cannot achieve the low jitter levels of a fixed-frequency master clock. Audio-class USB supports asynchronous USB operation, which allows the AudioStreamer to become the master and the PC the slave. In this way the data can be pulled from the hard drive as required, and the audio player is not constrained by the performance of the PC clock. As well as providing asynchronous operation, the latest USB Audio Class 2.0 standard overcomes a number of earlier limitations of USB Audio Class 1.0. USB Audio Class 2.0 supports 24-bit audio, sample frequencies up to 192kHz and the ability to scale to large numbers of input/output channels. An interesting way to implement USB Audio Class 2.0 is offered by semiconductor company XMOS, which supplies a software framework design to work on its configurable XS1-L devices. The design provides certified USB2.0 Hi-Speed device and Audio Class 2.0 device-class implementations with configurable digital audio interfaces and peripherals.
Continued over
Fig. 1: Options for playing back various types of audio files
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TECHNICAL VIEW
Fig. 2: The AudioStreamer Micro-Blox development board from Future Electronics
In addition, the framework is backwards-compatible with USB Audio 1.0. The USB Audio Class 2.0 interface supports the high-fidelity transfer of bit-perfect, 24-bit, 192kHz audio from a PC, which performs FLAC decoding before transmitting the audio data. The architecture is different if the intention is to support streaming FLAC playback independently of a PC. Here, the AudioStreamer downloads the FLAC file from an HDD or other networked storage device, and then decodes the file to provide a digital input to the DAC. Design teams may write their own decoding software in-house to run on the devices main processor, but an easier method is available from Freescale Semiconductor, which provides FLAC decoding software with its Kinetis K60 family of ARM Cortex-M4 microcontrollers. Above, it has been shown why a PCs standard file-transfer interface is unsuitable for hi-fi audio reproduction. A PCs built-in sound card is similarly unsuitable, principally because of the lowgrade DAC which such cards employ. This article has argued that audiophiles will want to buy a dedicated audio-streamer device; such a device can use a high-performance
DAC to convert digital files to an analogue output with very low distortion and noise. The WM8741 from Wolfson Microelectronics is specified for this type of application. As well as offering total harmonic distortion of -100dB at 48kHz and a signal-to-noise ratio of 123dB, non-weighted stereo at 48kHz, it provides many additional features including advanced digital filtering. A design blueprint for a hi-fi digital AudioStreamer The operation of an advanced, hi-fi digital AudioStreamer is demonstrated in a development platform from Future Electronics, the AudioStreamer Micro-Blox board (see Figure 2 and page 17 of this issue of FTM). The board features Freescales MK60N512VMD100 microcontroller which runs FLAC decoding software, and Wolfson Microelectronics flagship WM8741 DAC buffered by high-end quad audio op amps. The board also features other audio signal-chain and peripheral components suitable for designs targeting low-end embedded audio applications. The development board offers multiple inputs including USB, Ethernet and direct memory interfaces. Great care has been taken in the layout of the board and the selection of passive components and power devices, from Micrel, to produce a high-quality audio environment.
my-ftm.com/120139
DETAILS ON PAGE
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Dont underestimate the lone CODEC

The introduction of the CD to the mass market in 1982 was the beginning of the digital audio revolution. Since that time, expectations of audio equipment, such as its quality of reproduction, features, functions and flexibility, have risen dramatically.
The component that has been most responsible for the industrys ability to deliver enhanced features and performance has been the Digital Signal Processor (DSP). This powerful device gives the design engineer the flexibility to implement their choice of audio-processing functions, and to configure these functions in many ways. Conventional system architecture pairs a DSP with a CODEC, a device which combines an ADC and DAC with the ability to interface, via I2S for instance, with a DSP. Subject to the constraints of the DSPs capabilities and the software development resources of the design team, this architecture provides great scope for processing audio in a wide variety of ways. This article, however, proposes an architectural model which takes advantage of a trend to embed more powerful signal-processing capability in CODECs. If the design engineer is prepared to sacrifice the total flexibility that a DSP architecture gives them, they can implement a fixed set of audio-processing functions with just a CODEC and a small microcontroller. Equally, they can use the audio building-block functions offered by a CODEC to add features to a design that already incorporates a DSP. Audio-processing capabilities available in the latest CODECs include volume control, spatial enhancement, equalisation, audio mixing and deemphasis. If the product specification calls for these functions, their implementation in a CODEC could well be a cheaper as well as a simpler approach than the conventional implementation in a DSP. The main drawback of a CODEC-only architecture is that it locks the designer into the CODECs fixed set of functions. At the same time, however, the market is responding to designers needs by providing a growing range of CODECs with various combinations of features. Three such devices are described here. Figure 1 shows the NXP UDA1355H configured as a 1 of 4 SPDIF multiplexer with analogue stereo output. Note that the SPDIF signal selected at the multiplexer can also be passed to the SPDIF output so
By Matthew Hoare FAE, Future Electronics (UK) READ THIS TO FIND OUT ABOUT
The advanced audio-processing capabilities in today's CODECs The advantages of using a CODEC in place of a DSP in audio end-products CODECs available from Freescale, STMicroelectronics and Wolfson Microelectronics
that the units may be daisy-chained, keeping the audio in the digital domain and maintaining audio quality. Thus a 1 from 3n+1 multiplexer may easily be realised, where the nth DAC, I2S or SPDIF becomes the master multiplexed output. If this were all that was required, it could be achieved using only the UDA1355H without the microcontroller by simply setting the SEL_STATIC pin to HIGH (static mode) instead of MID (I2C mode). Using the CODEC in the microcontroller mode, as shown in Figure 1, provides access to features which are not available in static mode.
Fig. 1: NXP UDA1355H configured as SPDIF multiplexer with analogue stereo output.
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TECHNICAL VIEW
The microcontroller can access parameters such as master volume, bass boost, treble boost, resonant bass boost and de-emphasis for the analogue output. A different choice of audio-enhancement functions is available in a CODEC from Freescale Semiconductor, the SGTL5000. Figure 2 shows an implementation that uses the devices equalisation block, which can operate as a tone control, a seven-band parametric equaliser or a fiveband graphic equaliser.
Fig. 4: Wolfson Microelectronics WM8960 configured as a 3-channel stereo mixer. Note that the left signal path only is shown as the right signal path is identical.
Fig. 2: Freescale SGTL5000 configured as an equaliser. The left signal path only is shown as the right signal path is identical.
The parametric equaliser is implemented using seven sequential second-order IIR filters, and the parameters for each of the seven filters translate into five 20-bit hex numbers which represent the filter coefficients and which must be loaded into the correct registers. Parametric equalisation modifies gain, frequency and bandwidth (Q) for each of the bands, see Figure 3. This means it performs well in tuning applications in which, for example, resonances can be notched out and speaker responses can be flattened.
Note that inputs 1+2 or 1+3 can be used as a differential pair if required, and also that input 3 can be simultaneously routed to the input and output mixers. The Group signal represents the output of the input mixer. The yellow shaded area shows functionality which can still be provided with the ADCs and DACs powered down. All three channels implement comprehensive programmable gain levels. The operation of the device can be illustrated using Case 2 in Table 1 as shown in Figure 4, assuming all the nominal gain levels have been set up. The microphone and line-level input 2 mix level (Group signal) can be controlled both at the input (ADC) and output (DAC). The 3D enhance function can be turned on and off. Line-level input 3 is fed directly to the output power amplifier via the output mixer. The gain for channel 3 can be controlled in 3dB steps and all channels can be individually muted: channel 1 by the Mute command for the range amplifier, channel 2 by the Mute command for the input gain amplifier, and channel 3 by disconnection from the output mixer. Also, for the Group signal (microphone and input 2), volume control with soft mute and un-mute and 3D stereo enhancement can be applied. All of these parameters are accessible via the microcontroller. Conclusion
Available Input Routings Input 1 2 3 Case 1 To input mixer To input mixer To input mixer N/A Case 2 To input mixer To input mixer To output mixer N/A Case 3 To input mixer To input mixer To input mixer To output mixer Internal Group To ADC To ADC To ADC To output mixer To output mixer To output mixer Case 4 To input mixer To input mixer To input mixer N/A Case 5 To input mixer To input mixer To output mixer N/A Case 6 To input mixer To input mixer To input mixer To output mixer
Fig. 3: channel characteristics for a single-band parametric equaliser.
It is also suitable for creating preset equaliser profiles such as Loudness or Presence and profiles suited to particular types of programme material. The graphic equaliser is implemented using five parallel second-order IIR filters, and incorporates five fixed-frequency and fixed-Q bands at 115Hz, 330Hz, 990Hz, 3kHz and 9.9kHz. This is more suited to on-thefly tone adjustment, as the gain of each band is adjusted by simply writing a 7-bit value to a register. Other functions include master volume, automatic volume control, surround sound and bass enhance. The SGTL 5000 also provides an integrated headphone amplifier. A third device, the WM8960 from Wolfson Microelectronics, is an illustration of the high level of integration available in todays CODECs. This part is shown in Figure 4 configured as a stereo mixer for a stereo microphone and two stereo line-level sources with direct (Class-D) speaker drive. It also includes an on-chip headphone driver providing 40mW into a 16 load. The WM8960 provides comprehensive internal routing options; Table 1 shows how flexibly the inputs can be routed. Case 2 describes the routings for the signal path shown in Figure 4.
Table 1: WM8960 input routing options.
By integrating signal-processing capabilities into their devices, CODEC manufacturers have provided audio system designers with a way to implement valuable audio building blocks with just a CODEC and a small microcontroller, and no DSP. The benefits, of lower bill of materials, fewer components, and simpler, smaller code, mean that this architecture is likely to find its way into more designs and to enable improved end-products at lower cost. This suggests that the designer of audio applications should be asking the question, Is there any audio processing function that I would implement that I cannot implement with a sophisticated CODEC? If the answer is no, then the flexibility of a DSP for audio processing may be an expensive luxury.
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