P4.1 Analyse engineering problems and formulate mathematical models using first order differential equations P4.

2 Solve first order differential equations using analytical and numerical methods P4.5 Apply first and second order differential equations to the solution of engineering situations D2 Autonomy/independence has been demonstrated

1) The following circuit is a low-pass filter, with input voltage

and output voltage

The voltage across the resistor across the capacitor equation

can be found by the formula

, while the voltage

can be found by

, where is the current flowing in Amps and and are related by the .

is the charge in the capacitor in Coulombs. Furthermore, . We also have that

a) Formulate a first order differential equation that models the above low-pass filter circuit with input and output . b) Suppose given that and and ( ) . Solve the differential equation found in part (a), . Amps and occurs

c) Show that the minimum current flowing in the circuit is exactly exactly when

seconds. (Note the word exactly this means that a graphical

technique is not enough to show this.)

2) The following circuit is a parallel RL circuit that is being fed a current source where :

Amps,

The voltage across the resistor and the voltage across the inductor each other in this circuit) satisfy the equations:

(which are equal to

a) Formulate a first order differential equation that models the above circuit with input and output . b) Suppose and . Use i) Eulers method and ii) the improved Eulers

method, to solve the differential equation found in part (a) in the first second of the circuits operation, given that ( ) . Use a step size of not larger than . c) Plot the graph of against time for both methods. You may use an Excel sheet to facilitate your work.

P4.3 Analyse engineering problems and formulate mathematical models using second order differential equations P4.4 Solve second order homogeneous and nonhomogenous differential equations P4.5 Apply first and second order differential equations to the solution of engineering situations M1 M3 Effective judgements have been made The communication is appropriate for familiar and unfamiliar audiences and appropriate media have been used

3) The following is an LCR series band-pass filter circuit, having input is situated, and output , the voltage across the resistor :

where the in node

The voltages across the inductor , the capacitor related to the current Amps as follows:

and the resistor all satisfy equations

We also have that

a) Formulate a second order differential equation that models the above band-pass filter circuit with input and output . b) Solve the differential equation found in part (a), given that ( ) ( ) , , , and . c) Plot the graphs of against time, axes, preferably using an Excel sheet. against time and is a d.c. supply of 3V,

against time on the same set of

4) The diagram below is a mass-spring-damper system that is being applied a force newtons:

The forces acting in the damper the following equations:

Ns/m, in the spring

N/m and in the mass

kg satisfy

where is the displacement of the system in metres, and is the acceleration of the system in m/s2.

is the velocity of the system in m/s

a) Formulate a second order differential equation that models the above mass-springdamper system with input newtons and output metres. b) Solve the differential equation found in part (a) in its first 2 seconds of motion, given that Newtons, , , , ( ) and ( ) . c) Hence show that force exerted on the mass, satisfies the equation ( Newtons, depends on time seconds and ).