Mount Everest I -Measuring a Mountain a. Mount Everest is 29,035 feet b.

Mount Everest was named after Sir George Everest c. Mauna Loa is only 13,000 feet above sea level but it is 43,000 feet under sea level d. There is only one third as much oxygen as sea level e. This method makes Mount Chimborazo in the Ecuadorian Andes the clear winner II-One of Many Towering Mountains a. Mount Everest is the highest peak in the Himalayas b. Mount Everest's and the other snowy Himalayas is the earth's largest mountain range mountains of the of 1,500 miles c. The mountains form a natural barrier between Tibet and north and India the south. III-Pangaea a. The mountains of the Himalayas are one of the youngest mountains b. Alfred Wegener said 200 million years ago Pangaea broke into smaller pieces IV-Plate Tectonics a. The earth's divided into at least a dozen of pieces b. Plate means solid rock, and tectonics means to build. V-The Great Breakup a. When mountains get in a collision and buckle together and then get bigger b. About 50 million years ago heavy sediment was on the floor of the ocean and then sank on the Eurasian plate. VI-The Four Ranges of the Himalayas a. The Himalayas mountains are parallel in lines b. The higher Himalayas were referred to the backbone of the mountain system

c. The crust beneath the main part of the plateau is more than 40 miles long d. The lower Himalayas average between 12,000 and 15,000 ft. e. The outer Himalayas are the youngest mountain range VII- Changes in the Himalayas a. Scientist think that 80 percent of the worlds water comes from the glaciers b. If the mountains melt to fast their could be a tsunami from the sky c. Catastrophic earthquakes are the biggest threat to the Himalayas d. The snow builds up, packs tightly under its own weight and and then becomes a mass of glacial ice e. Several huge earthquakes have been recorded in the last 100 years IX- The Eruption of Mount Pinatubo a. The powerful forces of nature can push mountains b. More than 82,000 people died due to the volcano that erupted in Tambora, Indonesia c. Mount Pinatubo was the second most explosive eruption in the 20 century The Pressure Builds a. Volcanos are vents opening the earth's crust b. Mount Pinatubo is located 55 miles from the capital city of the Philippines c. About 5,000 people were evacuated from Pinatubo in late April Pinatubo Explodes a. On June,12 Pinatubo's rumbling led to a major explosions b. It released gas 15 miles high in the air c. Pinatubo's summit collapsed Effects of Pinatubo's Eruptions a. A land of area was covered with ash that is 2 inches thick for 1,500 square miles

b. Pinatubo spewed 20 million tons of sulfer dioxide into the atmosphere c. Mudflows caused by eruptions destroyed many homes