ASSESSMENT 1A (counting for 15% of 30% CW Marks)

Engineering Mathematics- 4ET005

Answer questions in all sections.
Section A
Q1. Express the following expression as a single fraction

1
2
3 2
1
2
+

x x x
x
(2%)

Q2- Solve the quadratic equation 0 1 7 3
2
= + x x using the formula given
below
Formula: If 0
2
= + + c bx ax then
a
ac b b
x
2
4
2

=
) 4 (
2
ac b (2%)

Q3. Factorise the following algebraic expression


9 5
2 4
+ + x x
(4%)

Q4. A bar AB of length l and area of cross-section A is rigidly suspended
from one end, and have a ring weight W threaded on it, and a head
formed on the lower end as shown in Figure 1. If the weight be
allowed to fall through a height h on to the head, the bar will be
instantaneously stretched an amount x , and the maximum stress, f , in
the bar will be given by
E
fl
x = . If the bar is not stressed beyond the
elastic limit, the work done on the bar will be Afx )
2
1
( , which will be equal
to the loss of potential energy of the weight, ) ( x h W + .

a) Prove that

Al
WEAlh l W
A
W
f
2
2 2
+
+ =
(6%)

b) What would be the level of stress if the weight is not dropped
from a height but only applied suddenly, i.e., when 0 = h .
Fig.1 (2%)

Hint: use the formula:
a
ac b b
x
2
4
2

=
) 4 (
2
ac b



Q5- Express
) 1 2 )( 2 (
8
) (
+

=
x x
x
x f
in partial fraction (3%)


Q6 a) - Solve
1 2 3
4 7
+
=
x x
(3%)




Q6 b) - Electrical and electronic circuits usually amplify or attenuate a signal,
i.e., they change the power of the signal. The ratio of this change can often be
large, so it is usual to express it in logarithm form using a unit known as the
BEL (or DECIBEL, where 1 BEL=10 DECIBEL or 1Bel=10dB)-


Figure 1 illustrate the concept

Power=
i
p
Power=
o
p




|
|
.
|

\
|
=
i
o
p
p
p
A
10
log Bel

|
|
.
|

\
|
=
i
o
p
p
10
log 10 dB

So that a positive value of
p
A indicates amplification and a negative value
indicates attenuation.

Find the value of
p
A in dB for each of the following rations of
i
o
p
p
hence
comment on nature of
p
A for each value.

i
o
p
p
10000 1000 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001


(3%)





p
A






Q7- The voltage gain of an amplifier is given by

gain= ) log( 20
0
i
V
V

where
i
V is the input voltage and
0
V is the output voltage.

The output voltage from an amplifier is 250mV. If the amplifier has a gain
of 17 dB calculate the input voltage.



(4%)



Q8- Figure 1 shows a straight-line graph of In y against In x. The line crosses
the axes at A(0, 3) and B(3.5, 0).

Ln y



A


B
0
lnx

(a) Find an equation relating In y and In x.

(b) Hence, or otherwise, express y in the form
q
px
, giving the values of the
constants p and q to 3 significant figures.
(6%)






Q9- (a) Starting from the identity for
), cos( B A+
prove that:


x x
2
sin 2 1 2 cos
Equation (1)

(2%)

(b) Use equation (1) in (a) and find, in radians to 2 decimal places, the
values of
x
in the interval
2 0 x
for which

(i)
x x sin 1 ) 2 cos 2 ( = +
,
(ii)
x x
2
1
sin 1 ) cos 2 ( = +


(4%)



Q10- When a force of 10N is applied to the end of a spring, it produces an
extension of 12cm. Given that the extension of the spring is
proportional to the applied force, calculate

(a) the extension produced when a force of 17N is applied

(b) the force required to produce an extension of 16cm

Solution support: when a force, F, is applied to the end of a spring, it
produces an extension, e . Hookes Law states that the extension is
proportional to the force applied. So we may write

F e

Or equivalently
kF e =

where k is a constant of proportionality.

(4%)




Q11- The pump outlined in Figure 1is known as a positive displacement
pump. As the piston is being withdrawn, fluid is sucked into the pump
chamber. As the piston moves forwards, fluid is ejected through the delivery
duct. Valves are used to ensure the correct directions of these flows. The
cross-section of the pump chamber is circular with diameter d. As the piston
moves through a distance L, known as its stroke, the volume of fluid that is
pumped through the delivery duct is
cross-sectional area of chamber X stroke =
L
d

4
2

This is the volume of fluid ejected in one revolution of the pump. If the pump
rotates at n revolutions per second, the volume of fluid ejected per second,
known as the theoretical pump delivery,
T
Q , can be found from the formula

4
2
Ln d
Q
T

=
The actual delivery will be less than this owing to internal leakage.



Figure 1. A positive displacement pump.

a) Calculate the theoretical pump delivery of such a pump when n = 0.5
revolutions per second, L = 0.3 m, d = 0.1 m.
b) Volumetric efficiency of the pump is defined as

T
p
Q
Q
ldelivery theoretica
very actualdeli
= =
where
p
Q is the actual delivery.

Transpose this formula to make the actual delivery,
p
Q , the subject of
the formula. (6%)


Section B
Q1- The Kirchhoffs current law (KCL), used for resistor circuits analysis,
states that the current entering any node must equal the current leaving
the node.




Kirchhoff's current law:
I 0



I
1
I
2
I
3
0

Kirchhoff's current law is applied to the network of resistors shown in
Figure 1 below.










Figure 1. The resistor network

The KCL Equation at Node1 is

0
3 2 1
= + + i i i Equation (1)
where
,
1
i
2
i
, and
3
i are the current flowing in the three branches of
the network.

Expressing the resistor current in terms of the node voltages results in
obtaining the node equation 2:

0
1000 2000 1000
5
1 1 1
= + +
V V V
(Node equation at Node1)- Equation (2)

(a) Solve the node equation (2) to find the current in each of the
Three branches of the network:

(3%)



(b) Apply the Kirchhoff's law to analyse the nodes in only ONE of the
neworks shown in Figures 2, and3 , hence find the currents in
each of the branches of the particular network. Chosen.


Figure 2. The resistor network

Figure 3. The resistor network

(4%)

Q2- (a) By sketching the curves with equations
2
4 x y = and
x
e y = , show
that the equation 0 4
2
= +
x
e x has one negative root and one
positive root.

(b) Use the iteration formula
2
1
1
) 4 (
n
x
n
e x =
+
with 2
0
= x to find in turn

3 2 1
, , x x x and
4
x hence write down an approximation to the negative
root of the equation, giving your answer to 4 decimal places.

(c) An attempt to evaluate the positive root of the equation is made using
the iteration formula
2
1
1
) 4 (
n
x
n
e x =
+
with 3 . 1
0
= x Describe the result of
such an attempt.
(9%)





Section C

Note: Figure 1 below illustrates two exponential curves describing the
increase and decrease of the current flow in a typical L-R DC circuit shown in
Figure 2. This section covers engineering mathematics related to this topic.





Figure 1



Figure 2- L-R DC circuit


Q1- Evaluate
L
Rt
e i i

=
0


where
, 10
0
= i
78 . 24 = R , 1 = t and 10 = L
(3%)







Q2- The current, i amps, flowing through an electrical circuit at timet seconds
is known to be decreasing according to the equation

t
e i t i
5
0
) (

=

where
0
i
is the current initially flowing.

Given that the initial current in this circuit is 2 amps, calculate how long it
takes for the current to decrease to 0.5 amps, giving your answer in
seconds correct to two decimal places.
(4%)


Q3- Find i from the formula
) 1 (
L
Rt
e
R
E
i

=


given that E=500, R=50, L=10 and 1 = t

(3%)


Q4- Consider a circuit with resistance R , inductance L and an initial current
of
0
i
. The current ( i ) will decay with time, t , according to the law


L
Rt
e i t i

=
0
) (


a) Calculate the current when = t 1, given
=
0
i
10, R=24.78 and L=10

b) If L is increases from 10 to 20 calculate the new value of
) 2 ( i
.


(8%)








Section D: Complex Numbers

Q1- If ) sin (cos
4 3
) 2 3 )( 2 (
j r
j
j j
+ =

+
find r.
(3%)


Q3- Find the polar form of the following Cartesian complex numbers

(a) (3+j4)
(b) (-3+j4)
(4%)

Q4- An equation derived from an AC bridge network is given by:

(

+
+ =
) ( ) / 1 (
1
) (
4 4
2 2 3 1
C J R
L j R R R

1
R ,
3
R ,
4
R and
4
C are known values. Determine expressions for
2
R and

2
L in terms of the known components.
(2%)


Q5= Determine the values of the resistance and the series-connected
inductance or capacitance for each of the following impedances:

(a) (12+j5)

(b) j40;

Assume for each a frequency of . 50Hz

Solution support:

for an R-L series circuit, impedance
L
jX R Z + = ,
inductive reactance fL X
L
= 2

For a ourely capacitive circuit, impedance
C
jX Z = . Thus Z=-j40
represents zero resistance and a capacitive resistance of 40

(6%)