National Outreach Programme May 2006 Exam for the English section

Read the following text before answering questions 1 and 2 Five years ago I made a speech alleging that 22 industrial family groups had come to dominate the economic and financial life of Pakistan and that they controlled about two-thirds of industrial assets, 80 per cent of banking and 79 percent insurance. At that time, Pakistan was still living through a period of great euphoria. President Ayub was completing his tenth term in office and the country was cheerfully celebrating his first decade of development. Pakistan had undoubtedly done extremely well economically under President Ayubs pragmatic leadership and almost all key economic indicators pointed to a fast rate of expansion. The growth rate in the gross national product had been nearly 6 per cent a year for a decade and a healthy export performance of 8 per cent a year had defied many predictions. However, some of us who were living closely with the economic management of the country had already begun to develop our doubts about the long-term viability of such a pattern of growth. While the world was still applauding Pakistan as a model of development since outside donors always need some success stories for their own comfort we were getting quite concerned that all was not well with the distribution of benefits of growth. Some of the indices were fairly disturbing. The real disparity in the per capita incomes of East and West Pakistan had more than doubled during this decade even though we were reluctant to admit it publicly. The real wages of the industrial workers, concentrated in a few key urban areas had been reduced by about a third by a combination of inflation and weak bargaining power of the unions. Personal income inequalities had increased substantially. If we are to evaluate properly the role of the 22 families in Pakistan, we must see it in the perspective of the capitalist system that the country has evolved over time. In blunt terms, Pakistans capitalist system is still one of the most primitive in the world. Under it economic feudalism prevails. A handful of people, whether landlords or industrialists or bureaucrats, make all the basic decisions and the system often works simply because there is an alliance between various vested interests. Unfortunately, most of the criticism of the 22 families in the past five years has been directed to individual family groups rather than to the reform of the basic framework of capitalism. The present Government has introduced some limited reforms by abolishing the managing agency system and introducing a more progressive labour policy as well as by taking away management though not ownership, of certain key industries. However, these are rather small patches on a thoroughly rotten fabric of a primitive and feudal economic system. What is required is a fairly drastic surgery if a move towards a more enlightened and socially responsible capitalism is to be made. Pakistan badly needs to broaden the base of its economic and political power to evolve a development strategy that reaches out to the bulk of the population; and to innovate a new lifestyle, which is more consistent with its own poverty and its stage of development. This is not going to be easy because in the past, modernization was foisted on a basically feudal structure in which political participation was often denied, growth of responsible institutions stifled and free speech curbed, and where all economic and political power gravitated towards a small minority.

The slogan of 22 families, therefore, has been rather overdone in Pakistan and taken too literally. At times, it has become a convenient camouflage for action against a few individual industrialists rather than reforming the economic, as well as social and political institutions. This is sad because the 22 families are a symptom, not a cause. The basic problem is not the 22 families, individually or collectively, but the system that created them, and it is time that Pakistan looked to the basic causes of its problems and not merely to the symptoms. Adapted from: Haq, Mahbub Ul, 1973. System is to blame for the 22 wealthy families, The London Times 1. According to the text, 1.1. How much was the growth rate in the gross national product? Above 6% a year for a decade Almost 6% a year during 10 years About 6% a year for over a decade 6% a year during 10 years 1.2. Why do outside donors need success stories? To reassure themselves To comfort their citizens To prove they are right To assess their ownership 1.3. What had doubled during that decade? The per capita income of East and West Pakistan The real disparity of East and West Pakistan The gap in the per capita income of East and West Pakistan The inequality of income of East and West Pakistan 1.4. Why had the real wages of industrial workers been reduced to a third? By a combination of an increase in the general price level of goods and services and unions negotiation skills By a combination of an increase in the general price level of goods and services and the unions feeble ability to influence the setting of wages By a combination of strong inflation and weak unions By a combination of an increase in the general price level of goods and the unions influence in setting of wages 1.5. Why does the system work this way? Because there is an alliance between various vested interests Because there is an alliance of landlords, industrialists and bureaucrats Because it is one of the most primitive capitalist system in the world Because landlords, industrialists and bureaucrats make all the basic decisions 1.6. What does Pakistan badly need? To develop a strategy that reaches out to the bulk of the population To broaden its development strategy to reach out to the bulk of the population To evolve its economic and political power

To expand the base of its economic and political power 1.7. What is the issue with the slogan of the 22 families? It has always been a convenient camouflage excuse to pursue a few individual industrialists It has been taken out of context It has been overdone to such an extent that the government has reformed its economic, social and political institutions It has been an excuse to act against a few individuals instead of reforming the countrys institutions 1.8. What are the 22 families? A symptom A cause Both None of the above 1.9. What is the basic problem? The 22 families The system that created them The individual and collective 22 families The basic causes of Pakistans problems 1.10. Who is the author of this article? Lahore University of Management Sciences The London Times Mahbub Ul Haq Government of Pakistan 2. Pick the sentence with the correct tense(s): 2.1. This article is written in 1973. This article has been written in 1973. This article was written in 1973. This article had been written in 1973. 2.2. There have been doubts about the long-term viability of such pattern of growth. There are doubts about the long-term viability of such pattern of growth. There will be about the long-term viability of such pattern of growth. There were doubts about the long-term viability of such pattern of growth. 2.3. At the time, personal income inequalities have increased substantially. At the time, personal income inequalities were increased substantially. At the time, personal income inequalities had increased substantially. At the time, personal income inequalities were being increased substantially.

2.4. In 1973, Pakistans capitalist system is still one of the most primitive in the world. In 1973, Pakistans capitalist system was still one of the most primitive in the world. In 1973, Pakistans capitalist system had still been one of the most primitive in the world. In 1973, Pakistans capitalist system was still being one of the most primitive in the world. 2.5. The government of the time had introduced some limited reforms. The government of the time introduces some limited reforms. The government of the time would introduce some limited reforms. The government of the time did introduced some limited reforms. 2.6. The slogan of 22 families has been overdone in Pakistan. The slogan of 22 families had been overdone in Pakistan. The slogan of 22 families was overdone in Pakistan. The slogan of 22 families is overdone in Pakistan. 2.7. In the past, modernization had been imposed on a basically feudal structure in which political participation had been often denied, growth of responsible institutions subdued and free speech curbed. In the past, modernization is imposed on a basically feudal structure in which political participation is often denied, growth of responsible institutions subdued and free speech curbed. In the past, modernization was imposed on a basically feudal structure in which political participation was often denied, growth of responsible institutions subdued and free speech curbed. In the past, modernization has been imposed on a basically feudal structure in which political participation has been often denied, growth of responsible institutions subdued and free speech curbed. 2.8. Pakistan was a country where all economic and political power gravitated towards a small minority. Pakistan is a country where all economic and political power will gravitate towards a small minority. Pakistan would be a country where all economic and political power would gravitate towards a small minority. Pakistan was a country where all economic and political power gravitates towards a small minority. 2.9. Despite the governments reluctance to admit it publicly, the real disparity in the per capita incomes of East and West Pakistan more than doubled during the 60s. Despite the governments reluctance to admit it publicly, the real disparity in the per capita incomes of East and West Pakistan has more than doubled during the 60s. Despite the governments reluctance to admit it publicly, the real disparity in the per capita incomes of East and West Pakistan had more than doubled during the 60s.

Despite the governments reluctance to admit it publicly, the real disparity in the per capita incomes of East and West Pakistan was more than doubled during the 60s. 2.10. According to the author, it is time for Pakistan to look to the basic causes of its problems and not merely to the symptoms. According to the author, it was time for Pakistan to have looked to the basic causes of its problems and not merely to the symptoms. According to the author, it was time for Pakistan to look to the basic causes of its problems and not merely to the symptoms. According to the author, it is time for Pakistan to look to the basic causes of its problems and not merely to the symptoms. 3. Select the word that suits the best the following sentences: 3.1. RISEPAK is an earthquake relief coordination and accountability tool designed to collect, collate and display ___________ about damage, access and relief for rural Pakistani citizens affected by the Oct. 2005 Earthquake on a public portal, setup within 12 days of the earthquake. knowledge information propaganda intelligence 3.2. VIEW is an urban air-pollution monitoring and analysis system that aims to __________ citizens and governments with knowledge about their environment by using a network of sensing equipment connected to the PCs of volunteers across an urban space. develop empower teach improve 3.3. Unlike large dams, small dams are hardly controversial and rarely, if at all, create problems like environmental ______________ and populations migration, both inevitable corollaries of building big dams. degradation problems issues evolution 3.4. The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has warned that the global imbalances in world _______ are unsustainable and must be tackled. peace development economics trade 3.5. All citizens of Pakistan have the _______ of equal access to clean drinking water and appropriate sanitation facilities.

access right opportunity desire 3.6. Only brave warriors fall off their horses in battle. How can kneeling _________ know what a fall is? humans cowards down warrior 3.7. Ethics is a general _______ for what is often described as the science of morality. word idea term science 3.8. According to legend, a Chinese philosopher ___________ the tea beverage when leaves fell into his campfire pot of boiling water and sent up a delicious aroma. invented found made discovered 3.9. Global warming is caused in part by the emission of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide and methane. These gases are emitted naturally but are also the result of the burning of ______ fuels, especially coal and petroleum products. fossil non-renewable energy carbon 3.10. Pakistan has a history of high government spending on military and business interests at the _________ of health and education facilities. benefit expense interest burden 4. Chose the answer that is nearest in meaning to the key word: 4.1. Exemption: Exception Expectance Free Inclusion

4.2. Frightful: Foreboding Terrific Appalling Cold 4.3. Cite: To legalise Quote Scrutinise Discover 4.4. Bench mark: Seat in the stands Stamp of authenticity Playing-field line Reference point 4.5.Attribute: To ascribe Research carefully Admire Guess 4.6. Disseminate: To take part Fool Discharge Make public 4.7. Desultory: Unattractive Inconsistent Offensive Extremely hot 4.8.Pretext: False rumour Introduction Summary First draft 4.9. Baleful: Absurd Overflowing Kindly Menacing

4.10.Purport: To inflate Tell a story Claim To hold

NOP Mathematics Section 2006 ________________________________________________________________________

2

1.

Let

n be a positive integer, then

n 3 (n + 1) = n + 1

A) n 2 B) n 2 +1 C) n 2 + n + 1 D) n 2 + n 3 E) n 2 (n + 1) 2 ________________________________________________________________________ 2. The area of a circle is 4 2 . The radius of this circle will be B) 2 C) D) 2 E) 2 A) 2 ________________________________________________________________________ 3. If

1 1 1 1 3 + + = 2 2 2 a

, then

a =

A) 3 B) 2 /3 C) 2 /9 D) 9/ 2 E) 2 ________________________________________________________________________ 4. If 4+ x = 25 x
2

, then

x =

A) 0 B) 1 C) 21 D) 25 / 4 E) 5 ________________________________________________________________________

5.

The center of the circle above is O and the area of triangle PQR is 15 . The area of the circle is A)

15 C) 20 D) 25 E) 7.5 2 ________________________________________________________________________
15

B)

6. A)

If 16 a = 9b2, then

a=

3 3 B) 12b D) 12b C) E) 9b b b 4 4 ________________________________________________________________________ 7. A box of 150 Compact discs had 30 defective. If this is the general percentage of defective discs, how many do you expect to be defective when you buy 1000 ? A) 65 B) 95 C) 100 D) 200 E) 210

________________________________________________________________________ 8.

ao

bo

co

In the triangle above, a + b + c = A) 90 B) 200 C) 270 D) 225

E) Cannot be determined

9. Each day, a man drives 1/ 2 of the distance that he drove on previous day. If he drove 6 miles on first day, how many miles will he drive on fourth day ? A) 1/ 4 B) 3/ 4 C) 1/ 2 D) 2/ 3 E) 4/ 3 _______________________________________________________________________ 10. Aslams average score on two math tests was 50 and Sarahs 60. What was the total difference in their combined scores for the two tests ? A) 25 E) Cannot be Determined ________________________________________________________________________ 11. If n is even, then (n) + (n + 2) can equal which of the following ? B) 20 C) 10 D) 5

A) 169 B) 196 C) 220 D) 200 E) 226 ________________________________________________________________________ 12.

30O mO uO nO

If two parallel lines are cut as in the figure, then m + u = A) 30o B) 40o C) 60o D) 90o E) 120o ________________________________________________________________________ 13. There are 200 students in the cafeteria and all are either freshman or sophomores. If the number of freshman is 60 more than the sophomores and the male / female Freshman ratio is 1 : 1 , then how many male freshman are in the cafeteria ? A) 30 B) 35 C) 65 D) 75 E) 80 ________________________________________________________________________

14.

a3 b a3 b2 + 3 + 2 + 3 = b a b a

A)

a 6 + a 3b + a 3b 2 + b 4 a 3b 2

B)

a 3 + a 3b + a 3b 2 + b 4 a 3b 2

C) 1

D) 2 E) 4 ________________________________________________________________________

15. If Shabbir can work out 6 problems in 2 hours and Athar can work out 6 problems in 3 hours, how many hours will it take for both working together to work out 60 problems ? A) 6 B) 10 C) 12 D) 24 E) 26 ________________________________________________________________________ 16. The monthly electricity bills for the year added upto Rs. 20,000. If the monthly bill was equal for first 8 months , how much did electricity cost in last four months combined ? A) Rs. 4000 B) Rs. 10,000 C) Rs. 12,000 D) Rs. 16,000

E) Cannot be determined ________________________________________________________________________ 17. 13 D 8 A If AD AB

and

12

AD BC then area of quadrilateral ABCD is

A) 116 B) 126 C) 144 D) 156 E) 178 ________________________________________________________________________

18. Brand A B C Amount of sales for Brand C TEA SALES Amount of Sales Rs. 10,000 Rs. 25,000 Rs. x were % of Total Sales 20% 50% 30%

A) Rs. 5000 B) Rs. 10,000 C) Rs. 12,000 D) Rs. 15,000 E) Rs. 18,000 ________________________________________________________________________ 19. Rainfall this year was a 100 inches. 60 % of the rain had fallen by end of August and 8 inches fell in December. What percentage of the total rainfall fell in the 3 months of September, October and November ? A) 32 % B) 38 % C) 42 % D) 48 % E) 52 % ________________________________________________________________________ 20. ( 1 + 1) + ( 1 + 2) + ( 1+ 3) + ( 1 + 4) = A) 1(1) + 1(2) + 1(3) + 2(4) C) 1(1) + 2(2) + 3(1) + 4(2) B) 1(1) + 1(2) + 1(3) + 1(4) + 1(5) D) 1(1) + 1(2) + 1(3) + 1(4)

E) 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 ________________________________________________________________________ 21. If x is an integer and 100 < x(x)(x) < 200 then x = A)
3

100

B)

125

C) 4

D) 6

E) Cannot be found. ________________________________________________________________________ 22. If A) 20 < 4x + 4 < 20 B) then this is the same as 5 < x < 5 C) 6 < x < 6

5 < x < 4

D) 6 < x < 4 E) 6 < x < 3 ________________________________________________________________________

23.
b a c

If the perimeter of the above triangle is P, and a = c then b = A)

2 P D) ( 2 1) P E) 2 P 2 ________________________________________________________________________ 24. The length of one side of a square is 5 and its area is twice the area of a triangle with height 5 . What is the area of the triangle ?
2P

B) (2- 2 ) P

C)

A) 5 B) 25 C) 5/ 2 D) 25/ 2 E) 25/ 4 ________________________________________________________________________ 25. If a : b as 6 : x and a = 3b then x =

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 6 ________________________________________________________________________ 26. If n is an integer and n(n) < 100 then n cannot be less than A) 9 B) 1 C) 1 D) 9 E) 10

________________________________________________________________________ 27. Ali bought 4 text-books. If his English text-book cost him twice the average of the other 3 , then the cost of the English text-book was what percentage of the total ? A) 10 % B) 20 % C) 30 % D) 40 % E) 45 % ________________________________________________________________________ 28. If 1 1 + =6 a b and a > b > 0 then 1 = 6

A)

ab a+b b 1 B) a + b C) D) E) a+b a+b ab a ________________________________________________________________________

29. If 2 + y = y2 4 , then y = A) 2 B) 3 C) 1 D) 2 E) -4

________________________________________________________________________ 30. If
x 2 = y+ 3 3

then

x+7 = 3

A)

y+

7 3

B)

y+3

C)

7y + 2 3

D) 7/ 3

E) y +

5 3

Answer Key
1. D 7. D 13.C 18. D 23. B 28. C 2. B 8. E 14. A 19. A 24. D 29. B 3. C 9. B 15.C 20. A 25. B 30. B 4. B 10. B 16. E 21. B 26. A 5.A 11. E 17. B 22. D 27. D 6.C 12.C