ASSIGNMENT QUESTION INSTRUCTION: ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS QUESTION 1 Physicians use pulse rate to assess the health of patients.

A pulse rate that is abnormally high or low suggests that there might be some medical issues. For example, a pulse rate that is too high might indicate that the patient has an infection or is dehydrated. Consider pulse rate measurements (in beats per minute) obtained from a simple random sample of 40 males and another simple random sample of 40 females as shown in Table 1. Table 1 : Pulse Rates (beats per minute) of Males and Females Males 68 64 88 72 Females 76 72 88 60 a) 72 68 80 64 68 68 80 76 68 72 96 72 68 72 64 80 64 80 76 96 76 80 104 88 60 76 72 72 88 80 60 72 95 88 108 64 64 72 60 88 76 60 96 72 56 64 60 64 84 76 84 88 72 56 68 60 60 68 60 60 56 84 72 84 88 56 64 56 56 60 64 72

Prepare a frequency distribution table for the pulse rates of males and females separately. Take 10 as a class width for both distributions and 50 as a lower limit of the first class for the males; 60 as a lower limit of the first class for the females.

b) c)

Prepare a histogram for each of the pulse rates distribution. Describe the shape of each distribution. Draw a cumulative frequency polygon for each of the pulse rates distribution. From your graph in (b), estimate the median. [Total: 15 marks]

QUESTION 2 a) From the data in Table 1, for each of the pulse rate distribution, calculate the following: i. ii. iii. iv. b) mean mode median standard deviation

Determine the value of Pearsons Coefficient of Skewness (PCS) for each distribution. Comment on the skewness of the data. [Total: 15 marks]

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Answer 1ai) MALES (BEAT PER MINUTES)

CLASS INTERVALS 50 59 60 69 70 79 80 89 90 99

FREQUENCY 6 17 8 8 1

CLASS INTERVALS 60 69 70 79 80 89 90 99 100 109 Answer 1aii) FEMALES

FREQUENCY 12 13 10 3 2

Answer b i) Histogram for males

Answer b ii) Histogram for females

As we can see from the distribution of histogram for males above, we can describe that the highest frequency of the graph value represented at 17 which have the pulse rate measurement at class interval 60 - 69. Then, the lowest frequency reading value represented at 1 which have the pulse rate measurement at class interval 90 99. At the frequency reading 8, they have 2 class interval which at 70 79 and 80 89. Next, for the females, we can see that the highest frequency is reading 13, at the class interval 70 79. Then, the lowest frequency value represented at 2, which have class interval at 100 109.

Answer c i) Cumulative Frequency Polygon MALES

For the median(Yellow color line) we chose of (40+1) which is 20.5, for Q1(Red color line) we used of 20.5 which is 10.25 and for Q3 (Green color line) we added these together to get the point, so 20.5+10.25 = 30.75 (For GCSE Maths you would get away with 20, 10 and 30) The median is 68.0, Q1 is 61.0 and Q3 is 78.0. Therefore the Interquartile range is 78.5 61.0 = 17.5

FEMALES

CLASS INTERVALS 60 69 70 INTERVALS CLASS 79 80508959 90609969 10070109 79 80 89 90 99

FREQUENCY 12 13 FREQUENCY 10 6 3 17 2 8 8 1

CUMULATIVE FEQUENCY 12 25 CUMULATIVE FEQUENCY 35 6 3823 4031 39 40

For the median(Red color line) we chose of (40+1) which is 20.5, for Q1(pink color line) we used of 20.5 which is 10.25 and for Q3(Yellow color line) we added these together to get the point, so 20.5+10.25 = 30.75 (For GCSE Maths you would get away with 20, 10 and 30) The median is 76.0 , Q1 is 67.5 and Q3 is 85.0 . Therefore the Interquartile range is 85.0 67.5 = 17.5

Answer question no. 2 2a) i,ii,iii, and iv SEE THE CALCULATION ON THE NEXT PAGES.

2b) The coefficient is usually positive when the distribution is positively skewed, and negative when it is negatively skewed.

SEE THE SOLUTION ON THE NEXT PAGES A normal distribution is a bell-shaped distribution of data where the mean, median and mode all coincide. A frequency curve showing a normal distribution would look like this:

In a normal distribution, approximately 68% of the values lie within one standard deviation of the mean and approximately 95% of the data lies within two standard deviations of the mean. If there are extreme values towards the positive end of a distribution, the distribution is said to be positively skewed. In a positively skewed distribution, the mean is greater than the mode. For example:

A negatively skewed distribution, on the other hand, has a mean which is less than the mode because of the presence of extreme values at the negative end of the distribution.