Muscles of Gluteal Region

Muscle
gluteus maximus gluteus medius gluteus minimus tensor fasciae latae piriformis superior gemellus obturator internus inferior gemellus obturator externus

Origin
outer surface of ilium, sacrum, coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament outer surface of ilium outer surface of ilium iliac crest

Insertion
iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur greater trochanter of femur greater trochanter of femur iliotibial tract

Nerve
inferior gluteal nerve superior gluteal nerve superior gluteal nerve superior gluteal nerve 1st & 2nd sacral nerves sacral plexus sacral plexus sacral plexus

Action
extends & laterally rotates thigh; through iliotibial tract, it extends knee joint abducts thigh. Tilts pelvis when walking abduct thigh; anterior fibers medially rotate thigh assists gluteus major in locking the knee into full extension lateral rotator of thigh lateral rotator of thigh lateral rotator of thigh lateral rotator of thigh lateral rotator of thigh

anterior surface of sacrum greater trochanteric fossa spine of ischium inner surface of obturator membrane ischial tuberosity outer surface of obturator membrane anterior superior iliac spine iliac fossa greater trochanteric fossa greater trochanteric fossa greater trochanteric fossa

greater trochanteric fossa of obturator nerve femur

Anterior Compartment of Thigh sartorius iliacus upper medial surface of tibia femoral nerve with psoas into the lesser trochanter of femur femoral nerve flexes, abducts, laterally rotates thigh; flexes & medially rotates leg flexes thigh on trunk; if thigh is fixed, it flexes the trunk onto the thigh as in sitting up flexes thigh on trunk; if thigh fixed, it flexes trunk onto thigh as in sitting up flexes and adducts thigh extension of leg

psoas pectineus quadriceps femoris, rectus femoris

12th thoracic body; transverse process, bodies lesser trochanter of femur & intervertebral discs of along with iliacus the 5 lumbar vertebrae superior ramus of pubis upper end shaft of femur

lumbar plexus femoral nerve

straight head from anterior quadriceps tendon into inferior iliac spine; patella; into tibial tuberosity femoral nerve reflected head from ilium by patellar tendon above acetabulum

quadriceps femoris, vastus lateralis

upper end and shaft of femur

quadriceps tendon into patella; into tibial tuberosity femoral nerve by patellar tendon quadriceps tendon into patella; into tibial tuberosity femoral nerve by patellar tendon quadriceps tendon into patella; into tibial tuberosity femoral nerve by patellar tendon upper part of shaft of tibia on medial surface

extension of leg

quadriceps femoris, vastus medialis quadriceps femoris, vastus intermedius

upper end and shaft of femur shaft of femur

extension of leg

extension of leg

Muscles of Medial Compartment of Thigh gracilis adductor longus adductor brevis adductor magnus inferior ramus of pubis; ramus of ischium body of pubis inferior ramus of pubis inferior ramus of pubis; ramus of ischium, ischial tuberosity obturator nerve adducts thigh and flexes leg adducts thigh; assists in lateral rotation adducts thigh; assists in lateral rotation adducts thigh and assists in lateral rotation; hamstring part extends thigh

posterior surface of shaft of obturator nerve femur posterior surface of shaft of obturator nerve femur posterior surface of shaft of obturator nerve; tibial femur near linea aspera; nerve to hamstring part adductor tubercle of femur

Muscles of Posterior Compartment of Thigh biceps femoris semitendinosus semimembranosus adductor magnus (hamstring part) long head from ischial tuberosity; short head from head of fibula shaft of femur ischial tuberosity ischial tuberosity ischial tuberosity long head:tibial; short head:common peroneal flexes and laterally rotates leg; long head extends thigh flexes and medially rotates leg; extends thigh flexes and medially rotates leg; extends thigh extends thigh

upper part medial surface of tibial nerve shaft of tibia medial condyle of tibia; forms oblique popliteal ligament adductor tubercle of femur tibial nerve tibial nerve

Muscles of Anterior Compartment of the Leg tibialis anterior extensor digitorum peroneus tertius extensor hallucis longus shaft of tibia and interosseous membrane shaft of fibula and interosseous membrane shaft of fibula & interosseous membrane shaft of fibula & interosseous membrane medial cuneiform & base of deep peroneal nerve first metatarsal extensor expansion of lateral four toes deep peroneal nerve extends the foot; inverts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints; supports medial longitudinal arch extends toes; dorsiflexes (extends) foot dorsiflexes (extends) foot; everts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints extends big toe; dorsiflexes (extends) foot; inverts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints plantar flexes foot; everts foot at subtalar & transverse tarsal joints; supports lateral longitudinal and transverse arches of foot plantar flexes foot; everts foot at subtalar & transverse tarsal joints; supports lateral longitudinal arch

base of 5th metatarsal bone deep peroneal nerve base of distal phalanx of big deep peroneal nerve toe

Muscles of Lateral Compartment of Leg peroneus longus shaft of fibula base of 1st metatarsal & medial cuneiform superficial peroneal nerve

peroneus brevis

shaft of fibula

base of 5th metatarsal bone superficial peroneal nerve

Muscles of Posterior Compartment of the Leg gastrocnemius plantaris medial and lateral condyles of femur by way of Achilles tendon to calcaneum tibial nerve tibial nerve plantar flexes foot; flexes leg plantar flexes foot; flexes leg with gastrocnemius & plantaris is powerful plantar flexor of foot; provides main propulsive force in walking & running flexes leg; unlocks full extension of knee by laterally rotating femur on tibia

lateral supracondylar ridge calcaneum of femur shafts of tibia and fibula by way of achilles tendon into calcaneum

soleus

tibial nerve

popliteus

lateral condyle of femur

shaft of tibia

tibial nerve

flexor digitorum longus

shaft of tibia

distal phalanges of lateral four toes

tibial nerve

flexes distal phalanges of lateral four toes; plantar flexes foot; supports medial and lateral longitudinal arches of foot flexes distal phalanx of big toe; plantar flexes foot; supports medial longitudinal arch plantar flexes foot; inverts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints; supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

flexor hallucis longus shaft of fibula

base of distal phalanx of big tibial nerve toe

tibialis posterior

shafts of tibia and fibula & tuberosity of navicular bone tibial nerve interosseous membrane

Muscles on the Dorsum of Foot extensor digitorum brevis calcaneum by four tendons into the proximal phalanx of big toe deep peroneal nerve and long extensor tendons to 2nd, 3rd and 4th toes extends toes

Muscles of the Sole of the Foot (First Layer) abductor hallucis flexor digitorum brevis abductor digiti minimi flexor accessorius (quadratus plantae) flexor digitorum longus tendon medial tubercle of calcaneum; flexor retinaculum medial tubercle of calcaneum medial side, base of medial plantar nerve proximal phalanx of big toe middle phalanx of four lateral toes medial plantar nerve flexes, abducts big toe; supports medial arch flexes lateral four toes; supports medial & lateral longitudinal arches flexes, abducts 5th toe; supports lateral longitudinal arch aids long flexor tendon to flex lateral four toes flexes distal phalanges of lateral four toes; plantar flexes foot; supports longitudinal arch

medial & lateral tubercles lateral side base of proximal lateral plantar nerve of calcaneum phalanx 5th toe medial and lateral sides of tendons flexor digitorum calcaneum longus shaft of tibia base of distal phalanx of lateral four toes

muscles of Sole of Foot (Second Layer) lateral plantar nerve tibial nerve

lumbricals

tendons of flexor digitorum longus

1st lumbrical from medial plantar; remainder dorsal extensor expansion of lumbricals from deep lateral four toes branch of lateral plantar nerve

extends toes at interphalangeal joints

flexor hallucis longus shaft of fibula Muscles of Sole of Foot (Third Layer) cuboid, lateral cuneiform flexor hallucis brevis bones; tibialis posterior insertion adductor hallucis (oblique head) adductor hallucis (transverse head) flexor digiti minimi brevis bases of 2nd, 3rd & 4th metatarsal bones plantar ligaments base of 5th metatarsal bone

base of distal phalanx of big tibial nerve toe

flexes distal phalanx of big toe; plantar flexes foot; supports medial longitudinal arch flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of big toe; supports medial longitudinal arch flexes big toe, supports transverse arch flexes big toe; supports transverse arch flexes little toe

medial & lateral sides of base of proximal phalanx of medial plantar nerve big toe lateral side base of proximal deep branch of lateral phalanx big toe plantar lateral side of base of proximal phalanx big toe deep branch of lateral plantar nerve

lateral side of base of superior branch of lateral proximal phalanx of big toe plantar nerve bases of phalanges and dorsal expansion of corresponding toes

Muscles of Sole of Foot (Fourth Layer) dorsal interossei (4) adjacent sides of metatarsal bones lateral plantar nerve abduct toes with 2nd toe as the reference; flex metatarsophalangeal joints; extend interphalangeal joint adduct toes with 2nd toe as reference; flex metatarsophalangeal joints; extend interphalangeal joints see above see above

3rd, 4th, and 5th plantar interossei (3) metatarsal bones tendon of peroneus longus tendon of tibialis posterior see above see above

bases of phalanges & dorsal expansion of corresponding lateral plantar nerve toes see above see above see above see above