Cristina N. Flamenco P.

E 4 W 12:00-2:00

History of Basketball Dr. James Naismith, Inventor of Basketball Dr. James Naismith is known world-wide as the inventor of basketball. He was born in 1861 in Ramsay township, near Almonte, Ontario, Canada. The concept of basketball was born from Naismith's school days in the area where he played a simple child's game known as duck-on-a-rock outside his one-room schoolhouse. The game involved attempting to knock a "duck" off the top of a large rock by tossing another rock at it. Naismith went on to attend McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. After serving as McGill's Athletic Director, James Naismith moved on to the YMCA Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts, USA in 1891, where the sport of basketball was born. In Springfield, Naismith was faced with the problem of finding a sport that was suitable for play inside during the Massachusetts winter for the students at the School for Christian Workers. Naismith wanted to create a game of skill for the students instead of one that relied solely on strength. He needed a game that could be played indoors in a relatively small space. The first game was played with a soccer ball and two peach baskets used as goals. Naismith joined the University of Kansas faculty in 1898, teaching physical education and being a chaplain. James Naismith devised a set of thirteen rules of basketball: 1. The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands. 2. The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands, but never with the fist. 3. A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot on which he catches it, allowance to be made for a man running at good speed. 4. The ball must be held in or between the hands. The arms or body must not be used for holding it. 5. No shouldering, holding, pushing, striking or tripping in any way of an opponent. The first infringement of this rule by any person shall count as a foul; the second shall disqualify him until the next goal is made or, if there was evident intent to injure the person, for the whole of the game. No substitution shall be allowed. 6. A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violations of Rules 3 and 4 and such as described in Rule 5. 7. If either side make three consecutive fouls it shall count as a goal for the opponents (consecutive means without the opponents in the meantime making a foul).

8. Goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the ground into the basket and stays there, providing those defending the goal do not touch or disturb the goal. If the ball rests on the edge and the opponents move the basket, it shall count as a goal. 9. When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field and played by the first person touching it. In case of dispute the umpire shall throw it straight into the field. The thrower-in is allowed five seconds. If he holds it longer, it shall go to the opponent. If any side persists in delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul on them. 10. The umpire shall be judge of the men and shall note the fouls and notify the referee when three consecutive fouls have been made. He shall have the power to disqualify men according to Rule 5. 11. The referee shall be the judge of the ball and decide when it is in play in bounds, to which side it belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall decide when a goal has been made and keep account of the goals with any other duties that are usually performed by a referee. 12. The time shall be two 15-minute halves with five minutes' rest between. 13. The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the winners. In addition to the creation of the basketball, James Naismith graduated as a medical doctor, primarily interested in sports physiology and what we would today call sports science and as Presbyterian minister, with a keen interest in philosophy and clean living. Naismith watched his sport, basketball, introduced in many nations by the YMCA movement as early as 1893. Basketball was introduced at the Berlin Olympics in 1936. Naismith was flown to Berlin to watch the games. He died in Lawrence, Kansas, in 1939. Today basketball has grown to become one of the world's most popular sports.

Basketball Court
NBA Basketball Court Layout Diagram

Pro (NBA), College, High School and Junior High School courts differ on overall size an layout, but the interior markings for the Foul Line , The Key and The Backboard and Rim are the same. The NBA court has a unique 3 point line (arc). College and High School Courts share the same 3 point line measurements.

Regulation Sizes-Official Measurements: Court Size Overall:

y

NBA and College 94 feet long and 50 feet wide

The Foul Line: For all courts including the NBA, the foul line distance is 15 feet from the foul line to the front of the backboard The Key: Standard for all basketball courts, the key (sometimes called the lane ) is 12 feet wide. Regulation courts have the backboard extending out 4 feet over the baseline into the key. A 6 foot arc (half circle) extends from the foul line away from the basket to complete the key. The 3 Point Line (Arc): NBA the 3 point arc is 22 feet to the center of the rim on the sides with a straight line extending out 16 feet 9 inches from the baseline. Past those points the line extends out 23 feet 9 inches from the center of the rim. The Backboard and Rim: The regulation distance from the ground to the top of the rim is 10 feet for all levels of play. Regulation backboards are 6 feet wide (72 inches) by 42 inches tall. All basketball rims (hoops) are 18 inches in diameter. The inner square on the backboard is 24 inches wide by 18 inches tall. All line markings on the floor are 2 inches wide and can vary in color.

Mens College (NCAA) Basketball Court Dimension Diagrams

Basketball court dimensions vary in overall length and width. In many areas of the country, older high school gymnasiums in particular have smaller overall size and layout than regulation. Many of these same gyms have varying backboard designs and dimensions. Even though College and High School courts may differ on overall size, the interior markings for the Foul Line , The Key , The Backboard and Rim are the same. Regulation Sizes - Official Measurements: Court Size Overall:
y

Mens College 94 feet long and 50 feet wide

The Foul Line: For all courts the foul line distance is 15 feet from the foul line to the front of the backboard The Key: Standard for all basketball courts, the key (sometimes called the lane ) is 12 feet wide. Regulation courts have the backboard extending out 4 feet over the baseline into the key. A 6 foot arc (half circle) extends from the foul line away from the basket to complete the key. The 3 Point Line (Arc): Mens College the 3 point arc is 20 feet 9 inches. The Backboard and Rim: The regulation distance from the ground to the top of the rim is 10 feet for all levels of play. Regulation backboards are 6 feet wide (72 inches) by 42 inches tall. All basketball rims (hoops) are 18 inches in diameter. The inner square on the backboard is 24 inches wide by 18 inches tall. All line markings on the floor are 2 inches wide and can vary in color.

Womens College (NCAA) Basketball Court Dimension Diagrams

Basketball court dimensions vary in overall length and width. In many areas of the country, older high school gymnasiums in particular have smaller overall size and layout than regulation. Many of these same gyms have varying backboard designs and dimensions. Even though College and High School courts may differ on overall size, the interior markings for the Foul Line , The Key , The Backboard and Rim are the same. Regulation Sizes - Official Measurements:

Court Size Overall:

College 94 feet long and 50 feet wide

The Foul Line: For all courts the foul line distance is 15 feet from the foul line to the front of the backboard The Key: Standard for all basketball courts, the key (sometimes called the lane ) is 12 feet wide. Regulation courts have the backboard extending out 4 feet over the baseline into the key. A 6 foot arc (half circle) extends from the foul line away from the basket to complete the key. The 3 Point Line (Arc): Womens College - the 3 point arc is 19 feet 9 inches, with a straight line extending out 5 feet 3 inches (63 inches) from the baseline. The Backboard and Rim: The regulation distance from the ground to the top of the rim is 10 feet for all levels of play. Regulation backboards are 6 feet wide (72 inches) by 42 inches tall. All basketball rims (hoops) are 18 inches in diameter. The inner square on the backboard is 24 inches wide by 18 inches tall. All line markings on the floor are 2 inches wide and can vary in color.

High School Basketball Court Layout Diagram

Basketball court dimensions vary in overall length and width. In many areas of the country, older high school gymnasiums in particular have smaller overall size and layout than regulation. Many of these same gyms have varying backboard designs and dimensions. Even though College and High School courts may differ on overall size, the interior markings for the Foul Line , The Key , The Backboard and Rim are the same. College and High School Courts share the same 3 point line measurements. Regulation Sizes - Official Measurements: Court Size Overall:
y

College 94 feet long and 50 feet wide

y y

High School 84 feet long and 50 feet wide Junior High 74 feet long and 42 feet wide

The Foul Line: For all courts the foul line distance is 15 feet from the foul line to the front of the backboard The Key: Standard for all basketball courts, the key (sometimes called the lane ) is 12 feet wide. Regulation courts have the backboard extending out 4 feet over the baseline into the key. A 6 foot arc (half circle) extends from the foul line away from the basket to complete the key. The 3 Point Line (Arc): College and High School the 3 point arc is 19 feet 9 inches, with a straight line extending out 5 feet 3 inches (63 inches) from the baseline. The Backboard and Rim: The regulation distance from the ground to the top of the rim is 10 feet for all levels of play. Regulation backboards are 6 feet wide (72 inches) by 42 inches tall. All basketball rims (hoops) are 18 inches in diameter. The inner square on the backboard is 24 inches wide by 18 inches tall. All line markings on the floor are 2 inches wide and can vary in color.

Basketball rules - Officials & Their Duties

Basketball rules - THE OFFICIATING STAFF. The makeup of the officiating corps is strictly a matter of choice. The minimum number is five: a referee, an umpire, a scorer, a timer and a shot-clock operator. In some cases, eight officials are used in a lineup comprising a referee, two umpires, a shot-clock operator, two scorers and two timers. Years ago, when there was a center jump after each field goal or free throw; two officials did it all-the referee on the court and one combined scorer-timer on the sidelines. REFEREE IS OFFICIAL IN CHARGE. Although the duties of the officials may not concern spectators or players, you should know that the referee controls the game. The referee is the official who tosses the ball up for the center jump at the start of the game and each overtime period. The referee's assigned chores range from inspecting and approving all equipment before the game's starting time to approving the final score. In between, the referee is responsible for the notification of each team three minutes before each half is to begin and deciding matters of disagreement among the officials. The referee has the power

to make decisions on any points not specifically covered in the rules and even to forfeit the game if necessary. OFFICIALS CONDUCT GAME. During actual play, there is no practical difference between the referee and umpire(s). They are equally responsible for the conduct of the game; and, because of the speed of play, their duties are dictated essentially by their respective positions on the court from moment to moment. For this reason, the rules specify that no official has the authority to question decisions made by another official. The officials' control, which begins 30 minutes before starting time for men and 15 minutes for women and concludes with the referee's approval of the final score, includes the power to eject from the court any player, coach or team follower who is guilty of flagrant unsporting conduct. When the referee leaves the confines of the playing area at the end of the game, the score is final and may not be changed. As we pointed out earlier, jump balls occur only at the start of the game and all overtimes; but officials still must concentrate upon throwing the ball up straight. At other times, play will be resumed with a throw-in. The team not obtaining the ball after the first center jump will begin the alternating process. OFFICIALS' SIGNALS. When a foul occurs, the official is required by the rules to (a) signal the timer to stop the clock, (b) designate the offender to the scorer and use his or her fingers to indicate the number of free throws. When a team is entitled to a throw-in, an official must (a) signal what caused the ball to become dead, (b) indicate the throw-in spot (except after a goal) and designate the team entitled to the throw-in. DUTIES OF SCORERS AND TIMERS. Scorers must (a) record, in numerical order, names and numbers of all players, (b) record field goals made and free throws made and missed, keep a running summary of points scored, (d) record fouls called on each player and notify officials when a player-disqualification or bonus-free-throw situation arises, (e) record timeouts and report when a team' s allotted number has been used, and (f) record when a squad member has been ejected for fighting. It is the game-clock and shot-clock operators' responsibility to keep everyone abreast of key factors while carrying out the timing regulations.