TCP - CHAT PROGRAM Ex.1 AIM: To implement TCP client-server chat. ALGORITHM: Server: 1. Start 2.

Create a socket with address family AF_INET, type SOCK_STREAM and default protocol. 3. Initialize the socket and set its attributes. Assign any port number as desired. 4. Bind the server to the socket using bind() function. 5. Establish the listen queue using the listen() function. 6. Wait for the client request. On request, establish a connection using accept() function. 7. Repeat steps 8-10 until the server sends "bye" 8. Read the message from the client using read() function. Display the message. 9. If the client message is "bye", go to step 11 10. Accept the server message and write it to the client using write() function. 11. Close the connection. 12. Go to step 6. Client: 1. Start 2. Create a socket with address family AF_INET, type SOCK_STREAM and default protocol. 3. Initialize the socket and set its attributes. Set the required port number. 4. Connect to the server using connect () function to initiate the request. 5. Repeat steps 6-8 until the server sends "bye" 6. Accept the client message and write it to the server using write() function. 7. If the client message is "bye", go to step 9 8. Read the message from the server using read() function. Display the message.

CODE: Server: #include<stdio.h> #include<sys/socket.h> #include<iostream.h> #include<netinet/in.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<unistd.h> #include<string.h> #include<netdb.h> #include<arpa/inet.h> #include<sys/types.h> #include<time.h> # define MAX 100 int cwork(int); int main() { int socketmain,socketclient,child,port=4567; struct sockaddr_in serv; char str[100]; if((socketmain = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0))<0) { cout <<" server cannot open the main socket "; exit(0); } bzero(&serv,sizeof(serv)); serv.sin_family = AF_INET; serv.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); serv.sin_port=htons(port); if(bind(socketmain,(struct sockaddr *) &serv,sizeof(serv)) < 0 ) { cout << " server bin fail"; exit(0); } listen(socketmain,15); for(;;) { if((socketclient = accept(socketmain,0,0)) < 0 ) { cout << "client is bad "; exit(0); } if((child=fork()) < 0) {

cout << "failed to create child"; exit(1); } else if( child ==0) { close(socketmain); cwork(socketclient); close(socketclient); exit(0); } close(socketclient); } } int cwork(int socketclient) { char buf[81]; int msglen; bzero(buf,81); cout << " socket used " << socketclient; for(;;) { if((msglen = recv(socketclient,buf,81,0)) < 0) { cout << " error during the child reception"; exit(1); } if(msglen == 81) { buf[msglen] = '\0'; cout << " \n message " << buf; } if(strcmp(buf,"bye") == 0) { strcpy(buf,"bye"); send(socketclient,buf,strlen(buf),0); break; } else { cout << " \nenter the message for the client"; cin >> buf; send(socketclient,buf,strlen(buf),0); msglen=0; } } }

Client: #include<stdio.h> #include<sys/socket.h> #include<iostream.h> #include<netinet/in.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<unistd.h> #include<string.h> #include<netdb.h> #include<arpa/inet.h> #include<sys/types.h> #include<errno.h> #include<time.h> # define MAX 100 # define len 81 int cwork(int); int main(int argc,char **argv) { int sockfd,n; struct sockaddr_in serv; char str[100]; if(argc != 3) { cout << " erroe message "; exit(0); } if((sockfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0))<0) { cout <<" socket not created "; exit(0); } bzero(&serv,sizeof(serv)); serv.sin_family = AF_INET; serv.sin_port=htons(atoi(argv[2])); if(inet_pton(AF_INET,argv[1],&serv.sin_addr) <= 0) { cout << " conversion error " ; exit(0); } if(connect(sockfd,(struct sockaddr *) &serv,sizeof(serv)) < 0 ) {

cout << " connect fail"; exit(0); } cout << " connected "; for(;;) { while(strcmp(str,"bye")!=0) { cout << "\n enter the message to sever "; cin>>str; write(sockfd,str,sizeof(str)); n=read(sockfd,str,100); str[n] = '\0'; cout << " from server " << str << endl; } break; } }

OUTPUT: In server terminal [armstrong@cseserver~]$c++ tcpser.cpp o tcpser [armstrong@cseserver~]$../tcpser Socket used 4 message hey Enter the message for client: hi message bye Enter the message for client:bye In Client terminal [armstrong@cseserver~]$c++ tcpcli.cpp o tcpcli [armstrong@cseserver~]$./tcpcli 192.168.6.151 4567 Enter the message for server: hey message hi Enter the message for server:bye message bye

Result: Thus the program was executed successfully.

TCP - DATE AND TIME Ex.2 AIM: To display date and time of server from client using TCP. ALGORITHM: Server: 1. Start 2. Create a socket with address family AF_INET, type SOCK_STREAM and default protocol. 3. Initialize the socket and set its attributes. Assign a specific port number as desired. 4. Bind the server to the socket using bind() function. 5. Wait for the client request. On request, establish a connection using accept() function. 6. Fork a child process. Perform steps 7-10 for each process. 7. read the message (indicates ctime) from the client through the connection. 8. Display the clients message. 9. Send an acknowledgement message(time and date) to the client. 10.Exit the child process. 11.Close the connection and go to step 5. Client: 1. Start 2. Create a socket with address family AF_INET, type SOCK_STREAM and default protocol. 3. Initialize the socket and set its attributes. Set the required port number. 4. Connect to the server using connect() function to initiate the request. 5. Send the message (request of time and date) to the server. 6. Receive the acknowledgement from the server 7. Stop

SERVER PROGRAM SOURCE CODE #include<netinet/in.h> #include<sys/socket.h> main( ) { struct sockaddr_in sa; struct sockaddr_in cli; int sockfd,coontfd; int len,ch; char str[100]; time_t tick; sockfd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0); if(socket<0) { printf(error in socket\n); exit(0); } else printf(Socket Opened); bzero(7sa,sizeof(sa)); sa.sin_port=htons(5600); sa.sin_addr.s_addr=htonl(0); if(bind(sockfd,(struct sockaddr*)&sa,sizeof(sa))<0) { printf(Error in binding\n); } else printf(Binded Successfully); listen(sockfd,50) for(;;) { len=sizeof(ch); conntfd=accept(sockfd,(struct sockaddr*)&cli,&len); printf(Accepted); tick=ctime(NULL); snprintf(str,sizeof(str),%s,ctime(&tick)); write(conntfd,str,100); } }

CLIENT PROGRAM SOURCE CODE #include<netinet/in.h> #include<sys/socket.h> main() { struct sockaddr_in sa,cli; int n,sockfd; int len; char buff[100]; sockfd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0); if(sockfd<0) { printf(Error in Socket); exit(0); } else printf(Socket is Opened); bzero(&sa,sizeof(sa)); sa.sin_family=AF_INET; sa.sin_port=htons(5600); if(connect(sockfd,(struct sockaddr*)&sa,sizeof(sa))<0) { printf(Error in connection failed); exit(0); } else printf(connected successfully): if(n=read(sockfd,buff,sizeof(buff))<0) { printf(Error in Reading); exit(0); } else { printf(Message Read %s,buff); buff[n]=\0; printf(%s,buff); } }

Output SERVER SIDE OUTPUT Socket Opened Binded successfully Accepted CLIENT SIDE OUTPUT WITH SERVER TIME Socket is Opened Connected successfully Message Read Mon Jan 22 15:09:19 2007

RESULT: Thus the program for getting the day and time of the server using TCP has been created and verified.

DOMAIN NAME SERVER using TCP Ex.3 AIM: To implement Domain name server using TCP client server program. ALGORITHM Server: 1. Create a socket on server side using socket routine. 2. Assign IP address ,port number and the protocol family to the members of struct sockaddr_in 3. Bind IP address, port number and protocol family to the socket. 4. Listen for request from the client. 5 Accept connection from the client application 6. Obtain the Hostname and retrieve address using gethostbyname function. 7. Write the host address to the client side. 8. Close socket. Client: 1. Create socket on client side using socket routine. 2. Assign IP address, Port number and Protocol family. 3. Connect to the server using connect routine. 4. Enter the hostname and write to the server. 5. Read the IP address and display it. 6. Close the socket.

Source Code:server: #include<iostream.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<string.h> #include<unistd.h> #include<netdb.h> #include<sys/socket.h> #include<sys/types.h> #include<arpa/inet.h> #include<netinet/in.h> #define SER_PORT 6022 int main() { int a, sersock, newsock; char str2[100], host[25]; void *buf, *buf2; struct sockaddr_in seraddr; struct sockaddr_in clinfo; struct hostent *hp; socklen_t size=sizeof(clinfo); seraddr.sin_family=AF_INET; seraddr.sin_port=htons(SER_PORT); seraddr.sin_addr.s_addr=htonl(INADDR_ANY); if((sersock=socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM,0))<0) { cout<<"\n Socket"; exit(0); } if(bind(sersock,(struct sockaddr *) &seraddr,sizeof(seraddr)) <0 ) { cout<<"\n Bind"; exit(0); } if(listen(sersock,1)<0) { cout<<"\nListen"; exit(0); } if((newsock=accept(sersock,(struct sockaddr *)&clinfo,&size))<0) { cout<<"\n Accept";

exit(0); } else cout<<"\n Connected to :" << inet_ntoa(clinfo.sin_addr); read(newsock,host,sizeof(host)); cout<<host; hp=gethostbyname(host); inet_ntop(AF_INET,hp->h_addr,str2,sizeof(str2)); cout<< str2; write(newsock,str2,strlen(str2)+1); close(newsock); close(sersock); return 0; }

CLIENT: #include<iostream.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<unistd.h> #include<sys/socket.h> #include<sys/types.h> #include<arpa/inet.h> #include<netinet/in.h> #define SER_PORT 6022 int main(int count, char *arg[]) { int a, clisock, x; char str2[25], host[25]; struct sockaddr_in cliaddr; cliaddr.sin_family=AF_INET; cliaddr.sin_port=htons(SER_PORT); cliaddr.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr(arg[1]); clisock=socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM,0); if(clisock<0) { cout<<"\nSocket"; exit(0); } if((x=connect(clisock, (struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr, sizeof(cliaddr)))<0) { cout<<"\nConnect"; exit(0);

} cout<<" \nEnter the domain name:"; cin>> host; write(clisock, host, strlen(host)+1); read(clisock, str2, sizeof(str2)); cout<< str2; close(clisock); return 0; }

OUTPUT: [armstrongl@cseserver ~]$ c++ dnscli.cpp [armstrongl@cseserver ~]$ ./a.out 0 192.168.6.151 Enter the domain name:localhost 127.0.0.1 [armstrong@cseserver ~]$ [armstrongl@cseserver ~]$ c++ dnsserv.cpp [armstrongl@cseserver ~]$ ./a.out Connected to 127.0.0.1:localhost127.0.0.1 [armstrongl@cseserver ~]$

Result: Thus the program was executed successfully.

DOMAIN NAME SERVER using UDP Ex.4 AIM: To implement Domain name server using UDP client server program. ALGORITHM Server: 1. Create a socket on server side using socket routine. 2. Assign IP address ,port number and the protocol family to the members of struct sockaddr_in 3. Bind IP address, port number and protocol family to the socket. 4. Listen for request from the client. 5 Accept connection from the client application 6. Obtain the Hostname and retrieve address using gethostbyname function. 7. Write the host address to the client side. 8. Close socket. Client: 1. Create socket on client side using socket routine. 2. Assign IP address, Port number and Protocol family. 3. Connect to the server using connect routine. 4. Enter the hostname and write to the server. 5. Read the IP address and display it. 6. Close the socket. Code:server: #include<iostream.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<string.h> #include<unistd.h> #include<netdb.h> #include<sys/socket.h> #include<sys/types.h> #include<arpa/inet.h> #include<netinet/in.h> void dg_echo(int sockfd,struct sockaddr* pcliaddr,socklen_t clilen); int main(int argc,char **argv) {

int sockfd; char mesg2[100]; struct hostent *hp; struct sockaddr_in servaddr,cliaddr; sockfd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0); bzero(&servaddr,sizeof(servaddr)); servaddr.sin_family=AF_INET; servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr=htonl(INADDR_ANY); servaddr.sin_port=htons(9877); bind(sockfd,(struct sockaddr*)&servaddr,sizeof(servaddr)); dg_echo(sockfd,(struct sockaddr*)&cliaddr,sizeof(cliaddr)); } void dg_echo(int sockfd,struct sockaddr* pcliaddr,socklen_t clilen) { int n; socklen_t len; struct hostent *hp; char mesg[100]; for(;;) { len=clilen; n=recvfrom(sockfd,mesg,100,0,pcliaddr,&len); cout<<mesg; hp=gethostbyname(mesg); inet_ntop(AF_INET,hp->h_addr,mesg,sizeof(mesg)); cout<<mesg; sendto(sockfd,mesg,n,0,pcliaddr,len); } } client: #include<iostream.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<unistd.h> #include<sys/socket.h> #include<sys/types.h> #include<arpa/inet.h> #include<netinet/in.h> void dg_cli(FILE *fp,int sockfd,struct sockaddr* pservaddr,socklen_t servlen); int main(int argc,char **argv) { int sockfd; struct sockaddr_in servaddr;

if(argc!=2) { cout<<"\n usage: updcli "; exit(0); } bzero(&servaddr,sizeof(servaddr)); servaddr.sin_family=AF_INET; servaddr.sin_port=htons(9877); inet_pton(AF_INET,argv[1],&servaddr.sin_addr); sockfd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0); cout<<"\n enter the host name:"; dg_cli(stdin,sockfd,(struct sockaddr*) &servaddr,sizeof(servaddr)); exit(0); } void dg_cli(FILE *fp,int sockfd,struct sockaddr* pservaddr,socklen_t servlen) { int n; char sendline[100], recvline[101]; while(fgets(sendline,100,fp)!=NULL) { sendto(sockfd,sendline,strlen(sendline),0,pservaddr,servlen); n=recvfrom(sockfd,recvline,100,0,NULL,NULL); recvline[n]=0; fputs(recvline,stdout); } } OUTPUT: [armstrongl@cseserver ~]$ c++ dnscli.cpp [armstrongl@cseserver ~]$ ./a.out 0 192.168.6.151 Enter the domain name:localhost 127.0.0.1 [armstrong@cseserver ~]$ [armstrongl@cseserver ~]$ c++ dnsserv.cpp [armstrongl@cseserver ~]$ ./a.out Connected to 127.0.0.1:localhost127.0.0.1 [armstrongl@cseserver ~]$ Result: Thus the program was executed successfully.

Create a RAW socket with UDP protocol Ex.5 AIM: To test a RAW socket with UDP protocol ALGORITHM Server: 1. Create a raw socket using socket routine. 2. Assign IP address ,port number and the protocol family to the members of struct sockaddr_in for source and destination addresses. 3. Fabricate the IP header with standard header structures but assign our own values. 4. Fabricate the UDP header with source port number and destination port number. 5. Calculate the checksum for integrity. 6. Build our own packet structure using setsockopt(). 7. send for every 2 second for 100 count 8. Close socket. Code:#include <unistd.h> #include <iostream.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <netinet/ip.h> #include <netinet/udp.h> // The packet length #define PCKT_LEN 8192 // Can create separate header file (.h) for all headers' structure // The IP header's structure struct ipheader { unsigned char iph_ihl:5, iph_ver:4; unsigned char iph_tos; unsigned short int iph_len; unsigned short int iph_ident; unsigned char iph_flag; unsigned short int iph_offset; unsigned char iph_ttl; unsigned char iph_protocol; unsigned short int iph_chksum; unsigned int iph_sourceip; unsigned int iph_destip;

}; // UDP header's structure struct udpheader { unsigned short int udph_srcport; unsigned short int udph_destport; unsigned short int udph_len; unsigned short int udph_chksum; }; // total udp header length: 8 bytes (=64 bits) // Function for checksum calculation. From the RFC, // the checksum algorithm is: // "The checksum field is the 16 bit one's complement of //the one's complement sum of all 16 bit words in the //header. For purposes of computing the checksum, the //value of the checksum field is zero." unsigned short csum(unsigned short *buf, int nwords) { // unsigned long sum; for(sum=0; nwords>0; nwords--) sum += *buf++; sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum &0xffff); sum += (sum >> 16); return (unsigned short)(~sum); } // Source IP, source port, target IP, target port from the //command line arguments int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int sd; // No data/payload just datagram char buffer[PCKT_LEN]; // Our own headers' structures struct ipheader *ip = (struct ipheader *) buffer; struct udpheader *udp = (struct udpheader *) (buffer + sizeof(struct ipheader)); // Source and destination addresses: IP and port struct sockaddr_in sin, din; int one = 1; const int *val = &one; memset(buffer, 0, PCKT_LEN); if(argc != 5) { cout<<"- Invalid parameters!!!\n";

cout<<"- Usage %s <source hostname/IP> <source port> <target hostname/IP> <target port>\n"<< argv[0]; exit(-1); } // Create a raw socket with UDP protocol sd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_UDP); if(sd < 0) { cout<<"socket() error"; // If something wrong just exit exit(-1); } else cout<<"socket() - Using SOCK_RAW socket and UDP protocol is OK.\n"; // The source is redundant, may be used later if needed // The address family sin.sin_family = AF_INET; din.sin_family = AF_INET; // Port numbers sin.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2])); din.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[4])); // IP addresses sin.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]); din.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[3]); // Fabricate the IP header or we can use the // standard header structures but assign our own values. ip->iph_ihl = 5; ip->iph_ver = 4; ip->iph_tos = 16; // Low delay ip->iph_len = sizeof(struct ipheader) + sizeof(struct udpheader); ip->iph_ident = htons(54321); ip->iph_ttl = 64; // hops ip->iph_protocol = 17; // UDP // Source IP address, can use spoofed address here!!! ip->iph_sourceip = inet_addr(argv[1]); // The destination IP address ip->iph_destip = inet_addr(argv[3]); // Fabricate the UDP header. Source port number, redundant udp->udph_srcport = htons(atoi(argv[2])); // Destination port number udp->udph_destport = htons(atoi(argv[4])); udp->udph_len = htons(sizeof(struct udpheader));

// Calculate the checksum for integrity ip->iph_chksum = csum((unsigned short *)buffer, sizeof(struct ipheader) + sizeof(struct udpheader)); // Inform the kernel do not fill up the packet structure. we will build our own... if(setsockopt(sd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, val, sizeof(one)) < 0) { cout<<"setsockopt() error"; exit(-1); } else cout<<"setsockopt() is OK.\n"; // Send loop, send for every 2 second for 100 count cout<<"Trying...\n"; cout<<"Using raw socket and UDP protocol\n"); cout<<"Using Source IP: << arv[1]<< port:<<atoi(argv[2])<< Target IP:<<argv[3]<< port:<< atoi(argv[4]) \n; int count; for(count = 1; count <=20; count++) { if(sendto(sd, buffer, ip->iph_len, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, sizeof(sin)) < 0) // Verify { Cout<<"sendto() error"; exit(-1); } else { Cout<<"Count #%u - sendto() is OK.\n" << count); sleep(2); } } close(sd); return 0; }

OUTPUT:[root@bakawali testraw]# c++ rawudp.cpp -o rawudp [root@bakawali testraw]# ./rawudp - Invalid parameters!!! - Usage ./rawudp <source hostname/IP> <source port> <target hostname/IP> <target port> [root@bakawali testraw]# ./rawudp 192.168.2.222 21 192.168.1.10 8080 socket() - Using SOCK_RAW socket and UDP protocol is OK. setsockopt() is OK. Trying... Using raw socket and UDP protocol Using Source IP: 192.168.10.10 port: 21, Target IP: 203.106.93.91 port: 8080. Count #1 - sendto() is OK. Count #2 - sendto() is OK. Count #3 - sendto() is OK. Count #4 - sendto() is OK. Count #5 - sendto() is OK. Count #6 - sendto() is OK. Count #7 - sendto() is OK. ... Result: Thus the program was executed successfully.

Client server application Using RPC Ex.6 AIM: To implement client server application (generating Fibonacci series) using RPC ALGORITHM 1. Enter and compile the source codes. This application uses four source files. (i) The first code fie, intf.java defines the remote interface that is provided by the server. It contains the method that accepts the number to generate Fibonacci series. All remote methods can throw a RemoteException. (ii) The second source file is, impl.java implements the remote interface, which provides functionality that is needed to make objects available from remote machines. (iii) The third source file is rmis.java, contains main program of the server machine. Its primary function is to update the RMI registry on that machine. This is done by using the rebind() method of the Naming class. The first argument to the rebind() method is a string that names the server as rmis. Its second argument is a reference to an instance of impl. (iv) The fourth source file is, rmic.java implements the client side of this distributed application 2. Generate Stubs and skeletons (i) A stub is a java object that resides on the client machine. Its function is to represent the same interfaces as the remote server. Remote method calls initiated by the client are actually directed to the stub. (ii) A skeleton is a Java object that resides on the server machine. It works with other parts of the 1.1 RMI system to receive requests, perform deserialization, and invoke the appropriate code on the server. The skeleton mechanism is not required for Java2 code. (iii) To generate stubs and skeletons, use a tool called RMI complier, which is invoked from the command tool as rmic impl This command generates two new lines impl_Skel.class(skeleton) and impl_Stub.class(stub). 3. Install files on the client and server machines. (Note:- Client and server is in a single machine, this step is not necessary) (i) Copy rmic.class, impl_Stub.class and intf.class to a directory on the client machine. (ii) Copy rmis.class, impl.class, impl_Skel.class and intf.class to a directory on the server machine 4. Start the RMI registry on the server machine (it maps names to object reference accessing the remote names registered on the server and a security manager for RMI(Remote Method Invocation) start rmiregistry 5. Start the serve java rmis Recall that rmis code instantiates impl and registers that object with the name impl

6. Start the client java rmic Enter the number to generate Fibonacci series, the server receives this request from client, processes it, and returns a result to client. CLIENT SERVER APPLICATION USING RPC Code:INTERFACE import java.rmi.Remote; import java.rmi.RemoteException; public interface intf extends Remote { int[] fib(int a)throws RemoteException; } IMPLEMENTATION import java.rmi.RemoteException; import java.rmi.server.UnicastRemoteObject; public class impl extends UnicastRemoteObject implements intf { public impl() throws RemoteException { } public int[] fib(int n)throws RemoteException { int fi=0,a=0,b=1,i; int ab[]=new int[50]; for(i=0;i<n;i++) { fi=fi+a; a=b; b=fi; ab[i]=fi; } return(ab); } } CLIENT import java.rmi.*; import java.io.*; public class rmic { public static void main(String ar[])

{ try { int i; BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); System.out.println("Enter the server host name"); String serip=br.readLine(); String url="rmi://"+serip+"/rmis"; intf ref=(intf)Naming.lookup(url); while(true) { System.out.println("Enter a number:"); String st=br.readLine(); if(st.equals("end")) { break; } else { int n=Integer.parseInt(st); int aa[]=ref.fib(n); for(i=0;i<n;i++) { System.out.println(aa[i]); } } } } catch(Exception e) { } } } SERVER import java.net.UnknownHostException; import java.rmi.Naming; public class rmis { public static void main(String ar[]) { try { impl im=new impl(); Naming.rebind("rmis",im);

System.out.println("Binding complete"); } catch(Exception e) { } } }

OUTPUT:SERVER OUTPUT C:\Java\jdk1.5.0\bin>javac intf.java C:\Java\jdk1.5.0\bin>javac impl.java C:\Java\jdk1.5.0\bin>javac rmis.java C:\Java\jdk1.5.0\bin>rmic impl C:\Java\jdk1.5.0\bin>start rmiregistry C:\Java\jdk1.5.0\bin>java rmis Binding complete CLIENT OUTPUT C:\Java\jdk1.5.0\bin>javac rmic.java C:\Java\jdk1.5.0\bin>java rmic Enter the server host name localhost Enter a number: 5 0 1 1 2 3 Enter a number: exit C:\Java\jdk1.5.0\bin>

Result: Thus the program was executed successfully.

Ping command using RAW socket Ex.7

AIM: To implement Ping command using RAW socket. ALGORITHM 1. Create a raw socket using socket routine. 2. Assign IP address ,port number and the protocol family to the members of struct sockaddr_in for source and destination addresses. 3. Build our own packet structure using setsockopt(). 4. Obtain the Hostname and retrieve address using gethostbyname function. 5. Fabricate the IP header with standard header structures 6. Calculate the Header checksum for integrity. 7. Set sending times between source to destination. 8. Close socket. Code:#include<iostream.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<sys/types.h> #include<sys/socket.h> #include<netdb.h> #include<netinet/in.h> #include<netinet/in_systm.h> #include<netinet/ip.h> #include<netinet/ip_icmp.h> #include<string.h> #include<arpa/inet.h> int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int s, i; char buf[400]; struct ip *ip = (struct ip *)buf; struct icmphdr *icmp = (struct icmphdr *)(ip + 1); struct hostent *hp, *hp2; struct sockaddr_in dst; int offset; int on; int num = 100; if(argc < 3)

{ cout<<"\nUsage: <saddress> <dstaddress> [number]\n"<< argv[0]; cout<<"- saddress is the spoofed source address\n"; cout<<"- dstaddress is the target\n"; cout<<"- number is the number of packets to send, 100 is the default\n"; exit(1); } /* If enough argument supplied */ if(argc == 4) /* Copy the packet number */ num = atoi(argv[3]); /* Loop based on the packet number */ for(i=1;i<=num;i++) { on = 1; bzero(buf, sizeof(buf)); /* Create RAW socket */ if((s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_RAW)) < 0) { cout<<"socket() error"; /* If something wrong, just exit */ exit(1); } /* socket options, tell the kernel we provide the IP structure */ if(setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0) { cout<<"setsockopt() for IP_HDRINCL error"; exit(1); } if((hp = gethostbyname(argv[2])) == NULL) { if((ip->ip_dst.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[2])) == -1) { fprintf(stderr, "%s: Can't resolve, unknown host.\n", argv[2]); exit(1); } } else bcopy(hp->h_addr_list[0], &ip->ip_dst.s_addr, hp->h_length); /* The following source address just redundant for target to collect */ if((hp2 = gethostbyname(argv[1])) == NULL) { if((ip->ip_src.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1])) == -1) { fprintf(stderr, "%s: Can't resolve, unknown host\n", argv[1]); exit(1);

} } else bcopy(hp2->h_addr_list[0], &ip->ip_src.s_addr, hp->h_length); cout<<"Sending to" << inet_ntoa(ip->ip_dst)<<" from spoofed "<< argv[1]; /* Ip structure, check the ip.h */ ip->ip_v = 4; ip->ip_hl = sizeof*ip >> 2; ip->ip_tos = 0; ip->ip_len = htons(sizeof(buf)); ip->ip_id = htons(4321); ip->ip_off = htons(0); ip->ip_ttl = 255; ip->ip_p = 1; ip->ip_sum = 0; /* Let kernel fills in */ dst.sin_addr = ip->ip_dst; dst.sin_family = AF_INET; icmp->type = ICMP_ECHO; icmp->code = 0; /* Header checksum */ icmp->checksum = htons(~(ICMP_ECHO << 8)); for(offset = 0; offset < 65536; offset += (sizeof(buf) - sizeof(*ip))) { ip->ip_off = htons(offset >> 3); if(offset < 65120) ip->ip_off |= htons(0x2000); else ip->ip_len = htons(418); /* make total 65538 */ /* sending time */ if(sendto(s, buf, sizeof(buf), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&dst, sizeof(dst)) < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "offset %d: ", offset); perror("sendto() error"); } else printf("sendto() is OK.\n"); /* IF offset = 0, define our ICMP structure */ if(offset == 0) { icmp->type = 0; icmp->code = 0; icmp->checksum = 0; } } /* close socket */ close(s);

usleep(30000); } return 0; }

OUTPUT:[root@bakawali testraw]# c++ myping.cpp -o myping [root@bakawali testraw]# ./myping Usage: ./myping <saddress> <dstaddress> [number] - saddress is the spoofed source address - dstaddress is the target address - number is the number of packets to send, 100 is the default [root@bakawali testraw]# ./myping 192.16.6.151 192.16.6.23 10000 sendto() is OK. sendto() is OK. ... ... sendto() is OK. sendto() is OK. Sending to 192.16.6.151 from spoofed 192.16.6.23 sendto() is OK. ... Result: Thus the program was executed successfully.

Packet Capturing and Monitoring Ex.8 AIM: To implement Packet Capturing and Monitoring Using jpcap. ALGORITHM Network interface device 1. Find network interface device name using JpcapCaptor.getDeviceList(). 2. Obtain the information about device name, device description, devices MAC address, subnet and broadcast address. 3. Repeat steps 1-2 until available network interface devices. Sending Packets to Network device 1. Open available network devices for sending packets through that device using JpcapSender.openDevice(). 2. Send the TCP packets using JpcapSender().

Network interface device Code:import jpcap.*; import jpcap.packet.Packet; class Tcpdump implements PacketReceiver { public void receivePacket(Packet packet) { System.out.println(packet); } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { NetworkInterface[] devices = JpcapCaptor.getDeviceList(); if(args.length<1){ System.out.println("usage: java Tcpdump <select a number from the following>"); for (int i = 0; i < devices.length; i++) { System.out.println(i+" :"+devices[i].name + "(" + devices[i].description+")"); System.out.println(" data link:"+devices[i].datalink_name + "(" + devices[i].datalink_description+")"); System.out.print("MAC address:"); for (byte b : devices[i].mac_address) System.out.print(Integer.toHexString(b&0xff) + ":"); System.out.println(); for (NetworkInterfaceAddress a : devices[i].addresses) System.out.println(" address:"+a.address + " " + a.subnet + " " + a.broadcast); } }else{ JpcapCaptor jpcap = JpcapCaptor.openDevice(devices[Integer.parseInt(args[0])], 2000, false, 20); jpcap.loopPacket(-1, new Tcpdump()); } } } Sending Packets to Network device import java.net.InetAddress; import jpcap.*; import jpcap.packet.EthernetPacket; import jpcap.packet.IPPacket; import jpcap.packet.TCPPacket; class SendTCP

{ public static void main(String[] args) throws java.io.IOException{ NetworkInterface[] devices = JpcapCaptor.getDeviceList(); if(args.length<1){ System.out.println("Usage: java SentTCP <device index (e.g., 0, 1..)>"); for(int i=0;i<devices.length;i++) System.out.println(i+":"+devices[i].name+"("+devices[i].description+")"); System.exit(0); } int index=Integer.parseInt(args[0]); JpcapSender sender=JpcapSender.openDevice(devices[index]); TCPPacket p=new TCPPacket(12,34,56,78,false,false,false,false,true,true,true,true,10,10); p.setIPv4Parameter(0,false,false,false,0,false, false,false,0,1010101,100,IPPacket.IPPROTO_TCP, InetAddress.getByName("www.microsoft.com"), InetAddress.getByName("www.google.com")); p.data=("data").getBytes(); EthernetPacket ether=new EthernetPacket(); ether.frametype=EthernetPacket.ETHERTYPE_IP; ether.src_mac=new byte[]{(byte)0,(byte)1,(byte)2,(byte)3,(byte)4,(byte)5}; ether.dst_mac=new byte[]{(byte)0,(byte)6,(byte)7,(byte)8,(byte)9,(byte)10}; p.datalink=ether; for(int i=0;i<10;i++) sender.sendPacket(p); } } Output C:\ Program Files \Java\JDK16~1.0\bin>javac Tcpdump.java C:\ Program Files \Java\JDK16~1.0\bin>java Tcpdump 0 1282048961:530746 /207.46.19.254->/209.85.231.104 protocol(6) priority(0) 00) offset(0) ident(27061) TCP 12 > 34 seq(56) win(10) S F 1282048961:530979 /207.46.19.254->/209.85.231.104 protocol(6) priority(0) 00) offset(0) ident(27061) TCP 12 > 34 seq(56) win(10) S F 1282048961:531203 /207.46.19.254->/209.85.231.104 protocol(6) priority(0) 00) offset(0) ident(27061) TCP 12 > 34 seq(56) win(10) S F 1282048961:531425 /207.46.19.254->/209.85.231.104 protocol(6) priority(0) 00) offset(0) ident(27061) TCP 12 > 34 seq(56) win(10) S F 1282048961:531641 /207.46.19.254->/209.85.231.104 protocol(6) priority(0) 00) offset(0) ident(27061) TCP 12 > 34 seq(56) win(10) S F 1282048961:531862 /207.46.19.254->/209.85.231.104 protocol(6) priority(0) hop(1 hop(1 hop(1 hop(1 hop(1 hop(1

00) offset(0) ident(27061) TCP 12 > 34 seq(56) win(10) S F 1282048961:532080 /207.46.19.254->/209.85.231.104 protocol(6) priority(0) 00) offset(0) ident(27061) TCP 12 > 34 seq(56) win(10) S F 1282048961:532301 /207.46.19.254->/209.85.231.104 protocol(6) priority(0) 00) offset(0) ident(27061) TCP 12 > 34 seq(56) win(10) S F 1282048961:532520 /207.46.19.254->/209.85.231.104 protocol(6) priority(0) 00) offset(0) ident(27061) TCP 12 > 34 seq(56) win(10) S F 1282048961:532740 /207.46.19.254->/209.85.231.104 protocol(6) priority(0) 00) offset(0) ident(27061) TCP 12 > 34 seq(56) win(10) S F Other Window C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0\bin>java SendTCP 0 C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0\bin>

hop(1 hop(1 hop(1 hop(1

Result: Thus the program was executed successfully.

CBR over UDP and CBR over TCP Ex.9 AIM: To simulate CBR over UDP and CBR over TCP using NS2 ALGORITHM CBR over UDP 1. Create a simulator object 2. Open the NAM trace file 3. Define a 'finish' procedure for Close the trace file and Execute NAM on the trace file 4. Create topology as two nodes n0 and n1 with a simplex link between them. 5. Create a UDP agent and attach it to node n0 6. Create a CBR traffic source and attach it to UDP agent 7. Create a Null agent (a traffic sink) and attach it to node n1 8. Connect the traffic source with the traffic sink 9. Schedule events for the CBR agent 10. Call the finish procedure after 3 seconds of simulation time 11. Run the simulation CBR over TCP 1. Create a simulator object 2. Open the NAM trace file 3. Define a 'finish' procedure for Close the trace file and Execute NAM on the trace file 4. Create topology as two nodes n0 and n1 with a simplex link between them. 5. Create a tcp0 agent and attach it to node n0 6. Create a CBR0 traffic source and attach it to tcp0 agent 7. Create a TCPSink0 agent (a traffic sink) and attach it to node n1 8. Connect the traffic source with the traffic sink 9. Schedule events for the CBR0 agent 10. Call the finish procedure after 3 seconds of simulation time 11. Run the simulation

Code:-

CBR over UDP

set ns [new Simulator] set tracefile [open out.tr w] $ns trace-all $tracefile set nf [open out.nam w] $ns namtrace-all $nf proc finish {} { global ns tracefile nf $ns flush-trace #Close the NAM trace file close $nf close $tracefile #Execute NAM on the trace file exec nam out.nam & exit 0 } set n0 [$ns node] set n1 [$ns node] $ns simplex-link $n0 $n1 1Mb 10ms DropTail set udp0 [new Agent/UDP] $ns attach-agent $n0 $udp0 set cbr [new Application/Traffic/CBR] $cbr attach-agent $udp0 set null0 [new Agent/Null] $ns attach-agent $n1 $null0 $ns connect $udp0 $null0 $ns at 1.0 "$cbr start" $ns at 3.0 "finish" $ns run

OUTPUT:-

Code:-

CBR over TCP

set ns [new Simulator] set tracefile [open out.tr w] $ns trace-all $tracefile set nf [open out.nam w] $ns namtrace-all $nf proc finish {} { global ns tracefile nf $ns flush-trace #Close the NAM trace file close $nf close $tracefile #Execute NAM on the trace file exec nam out.nam & exit 0 } set n0 [$ns node] set n1 [$ns node] $ns simplex-link $n0 $n1 1Mb 10ms DropTail set tcp [new Agent/TCP] $ns attach-agent $n0 $tcp set cbr [new Application/Traffic/CBR] $cbr attach-agent $tcp set tcp0 [new Agent/TCP] $ns attach-agent $n1 $tcp0 $ns connect $tcp $tcp0 $ns at 1.0 "$cbr start" $ns at 3.0 "finish" $ns run

OUTPUT:-

Result: Thus the program was executed successfully.

Implementing Routing protocols using NS2 Ex.10 AIM: To Implement Routing protocols using NS2 ALGORITHM 1. Create a simulator object and Define different colors for data flows (for NAM) 2. Open the NAM trace file 3. Define a 'finish' procedure for Close the trace file and Execute NAM on the trace file 4. Create topology as four nodes n0, n1, n2 and n3 with a duplex link between them. 5. Give node position (for NAM) 6. Set Queue Size of link (n2-n3) to 10 7. Monitor the queue for link (n2-n3). (for NAM) 8. Setup TCP connection and UDP connection 8. Setup a FTP over TCP connection and CBR over UDP connection 9. Schedule events for the CBR and FTP agents 10. Call the finish procedure after 5 seconds of simulation time 11. Print CBR packet size and interval 12. Run the simulation

Code:#Create a simulator object set ns [new Simulator] #Define different colors for data flows (for NAM) $ns color 1 Blue $ns color 2 Red #Open the NAM trace file set nf [open out.nam w] $ns namtrace-all $nf #Define a 'finish' procedure proc finish {} { global ns nf $ns flush-trace #Close the NAM trace file close $nf #Execute NAM on the trace file exec nam out.nam & exit 0 } #Create four nodes set n0 [$ns node] set n1 [$ns node] set n2 [$ns node] set n3 [$ns node] #Create links between the nodes $ns duplex-link $n0 $n2 2Mb 10ms DropTail $ns duplex-link $n1 $n2 2Mb 10ms DropTail $ns duplex-link $n2 $n3 1.7Mb 20ms DropTail #Set Queue Size of link (n2-n3) to 10 $ns queue-limit $n2 $n3 10 #Give node position (for NAM) $ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n2 orient right-down $ns duplex-link-op $n1 $n2 orient right-up $ns duplex-link-op $n2 $n3 orient right #Monitor the queue for link (n2-n3). (for NAM) $ns duplex-link-op $n2 $n3 queuePos 0.5

#Setup a TCP connection set tcp [new Agent/TCP] $tcp set class_ 2 $ns attach-agent $n0 $tcp set sink [new Agent/TCPSink] $ns attach-agent $n3 $sink $ns connect $tcp $sink $tcp set fid_ 1 #Setup a FTP over TCP connection set ftp [new Application/FTP] $ftp attach-agent $tcp $ftp set type_ FTP #Setup a UDP connection set udp [new Agent/UDP] $ns attach-agent $n1 $udp set null [new Agent/Null] $ns attach-agent $n3 $null $ns connect $udp $null $udp set fid_ 2 #Setup a CBR over UDP connection set cbr [new Application/Traffic/CBR] $cbr attach-agent $udp $cbr set type_ CBR $cbr set packet_size_ 1000 $cbr set rate_ 1mb $cbr set random_ false #Schedule events for the CBR and FTP agents $ns at 0.1 "$cbr start" $ns at 1.0 "$ftp start" $ns at 4.0 "$ftp stop" $ns at 4.5 "$cbr stop" #detach tcp and sink agents (not really necessary) $ns at 4.5 "$ns detach-agent $n0 $tcp ; $ns detach-agent $n3 $sink" #Call the finish procedure after 5 seconds of simulation time $ns at 5.0 "finish" #Print CBR packet size and interval

puts "CBR packet size = [$cbr set packet_size_]" puts "CBR interval = [$cbr set interval_]" #Run the simulation $ns run

OUTPUT:-

Result: Thus the program was executed successfully.

Performance comparison of routing protocols Ex.11 AIM: To compare the performance of Routing protocols using NS2 ALGORITHM 1. Create a simulator object and Define different colors for data flows (for NAM) 2. Open the NAM trace file 3. Define a 'finish' procedure for Close the trace file and Execute NAM on the trace file. 4. Call xgraph to display the results. 5. Create topology as five nodes as n0, n1, n2, n3 and n4. Connect a duplex link between them. 6. Define a procedure 'attach-expoo-traffic' that attaches a UDP agent to a previously created node 'node' and attaches an Expoo traffic generator to the agent with the characteristic values 'size' for packet size 'burst' for burst time, 'idle' for idle time and 'rate' for burst peak rate. The procedure connects the source with the previously defined traffic sink 'sink' and returns the source object. 7. Define a procedure 'record' which periodically records the bandwidth received by the three traffic sinks sink0/1/2 and writes it to the three files f0/1/2. 8. Calculate the bandwidth (in MBit/s) and write it to the files. 9. Re-schedule the procedure 'record' at regular intervals(0.5 seconds). 10. Create three traffic sources, start and stop traffic sources at regular intervals respectively. 11. Call the finish procedure after 60 seconds of simulation time 12. Run the simulation Code:#Create a simulator object set ns [new Simulator] #Open the output files set f0 [open out0.tr w] set f1 [open out1.tr w] set f2 [open out2.tr w] #Create 5 nodes set n0 [$ns node] set n1 [$ns node] set n2 [$ns node] set n3 [$ns node] set n4 [$ns node] #Connect the nodes $ns duplex-link $n0 $n3 1Mb 100ms DropTail $ns duplex-link $n1 $n3 1Mb 100ms DropTail

$ns duplex-link $n2 $n3 1Mb 100ms DropTail $ns duplex-link $n3 $n4 1Mb 100ms DropTail #Define a 'finish' procedure proc finish {} { global f0 f1 f2 #Close the output files close $f0 close $f1 close $f2 #Call xgraph to display the results exec xgraph out0.tr out1.tr out2.tr -geometry 800x400 & exit 0 } #Define a procedure that attaches a UDP agent to a #previously created node 'node' and attaches an Expoo #traffic generator to the agent with the #characteristic values 'size' for packet size 'burst' for #burst time, #'idle' for idle time and 'rate' for burst peak rate. The #procedure connects #the source with the previously defined traffic sink 'sink' #and returns the source object. proc attach-expoo-traffic { node sink size burst idle rate } { #Get an instance of the simulator set ns [Simulator instance] #Create a UDP agent and attach it to the node set source [new Agent/UDP] $ns attach-agent $node $source #Create an Expootraffic agent and set its configuration #parameters set traffic [new Application/Traffic/Exponential] $traffic set packetSize_ $size $traffic set burst_time_ $burst $traffic set idle_time_ $idle $traffic set rate_ $rate # Attach traffic source to the traffic generator $traffic attach-agent $source #Connect the source and the sink $ns connect $source $sink return $traffic } #Define a procedure which periodically records the #bandwidth received by the #three traffic sinks sink0/1/2 and writes it to the three #files f0/1/2. proc record {} { global sink0 sink1 sink2 f0 f1 f2 #Get an instance of the simulator set ns [Simulator instance]

#Set the time after which the procedure should be called #again set time 0.5 #How many bytes have been received by the traffic sinks? set bw0 [$sink0 set bytes_] set bw1 [$sink1 set bytes_] set bw2 [$sink2 set bytes_] #Get the current time set now [$ns now] #Calculate the bandwidth (in MBit/s) and write it to the files puts $f0 "$now [expr $bw0/$time*8/1000000]" puts $f1 "$now [expr $bw1/$time*8/1000000]" puts $f2 "$now [expr $bw2/$time*8/1000000]" #Reset the bytes_ values on the traffic sinks $sink0 set bytes_ 0 $sink1 set bytes_ 0 $sink2 set bytes_ 0 #Re-schedule the procedure $ns at [expr $now+$time] "record" } #Create three traffic sinks and attach them to the node n4 set sink0 [new Agent/LossMonitor] set sink1 [new Agent/LossMonitor] set sink2 [new Agent/LossMonitor] $ns attach-agent $n4 $sink0 $ns attach-agent $n4 $sink1 $ns attach-agent $n4 $sink2 #Create three traffic sources set source0 [attach-expoo-traffic $n0 $sink0 200 2s 1s 100k] set source1 [attach-expoo-traffic $n1 $sink1 200 2s 1s 200k] set source2 [attach-expoo-traffic $n2 $sink2 200 2s 1s 300k] #Start logging the received bandwidth $ns at 0.0 "record" #Start the traffic sources $ns at 10.0 "$source0 start" $ns at 10.0 "$source1 start" $ns at 10.0 "$source2 start" #Stop the traffic sources $ns at 50.0 "$source0 stop" $ns at 50.0 "$source1 stop" $ns at 50.0 "$source2 stop" #Call the finish procedure after 60 seconds simulation time $ns at 60.0 "finish" #Run the simulation $ns

OUTPUT:-

Result: Thus the program was executed successfully.

Ex.12 Sliding Window Protocol using NS2 AIM: To implement Sliding Window Protocol using NS2 ALGORITHM Simple sliding window without any packet loss 1. Create a simulator object 2. Open the NAM trace file 3. Define a 'init' procedure for open the trace file and open NAM on the trace file 4. Create setup sliding window topology as 6 nodes with a connection of simplex link between them. 5. Define a 'finish' procedure for close the trace file and Execute NAM on the trace file 6. Define a 'run' procedure for TCP between n_(0) & n_(4) and CBR traffic between n_(1) & n_(5) and set packet size and interval. 9. Schedule events for the CBR0, FTP and self 10. Run the simulation Simple sliding window with packet loss 1. Create a simulator object 2. Open the NAM trace file 3. Define a 'init' procedure for open the trace file and open NAM on the trace file 4. Create setup sliding window topology as 6 nodes with a connection of simplex link between them. 5. Define a 'finish' procedure for close the trace file and Execute NAM on the trace file 6. Define a 'run' procedure for TCP between n_(0) & n_(4) and CBR traffic between n_(1) & n_(5) 9. Schedule events for the CBR0, FTP and self 10. Run the simulation

CODE:# Agent/TCP set tcpTick_ 0.1 # The default for tcpTick_ is being changed to reflect a changing reality. Agent/TCP set rfc2988_ false # The default for rfc2988_ is being changed to true. # FOR UPDATING GLOBAL DEFAULTS: Agent/TCP set precisionReduce_ false ; # default changed on 2006/1/24. Agent/TCP set rtxcur_init_ 6.0 ; # Default changed on 2006/01/21 Agent/TCP set updated_rttvar_ false ; # Variable added on 2006/1/21 Agent/TCP set minrto_ 1 # default changed on 10/14/2004. Agent/TCP set useHeaders_ false # The default is being changed to useHeaders_ true. Agent/TCP set windowInit_ 1 # The default is being changed to 2. Agent/TCP set singledup_ 0 # The default is being changed to 1 # This test suite is for validating sliding window # To run all tests: test-all-sliding-window # to run individual test: # ns test-suite-sliding-window.tcl sliding-normal # ns test-suite-sliding-window.tcl sliding-loss # # To view a list of available test to run with this script: # ns test-suite-sliding-window.tcl # # Each of the tests uses 6 nodes # Class TestSuite Class Test/sliding-normal -superclass TestSuite # Simple sliding window without any packet loss Class Test/sliding-loss -superclass TestSuite # Simple sliding window with packet loss proc usage {} { global argv0 puts stderr "usage: ns $argv0 <tests> " puts "Valid <tests> : sliding-normal sliding-loss" exit 1 }

TestSuite instproc init {} { $self instvar ns_ n_ set ns_ [new Simulator] $ns_ trace-all [open temp.rands w] $ns_ namtrace-all [open temp.rands.nam w] # setup sliding window topology foreach i " 0 1 2 3 4 5" { set n_($i) [$ns_ node] } $ns_ duplex-link $n_(0) $n_(2) 1Mb 20ms DropTail $ns_ duplex-link $n_(1) $n_(2) 1Mb 20ms DropTail $ns_ duplex-link $n_(2) $n_(3) 0.5Mb 20ms DropTail $ns_ duplex-link $n_(3) $n_(4) 1Mb 20ms DropTail $ns_ duplex-link $n_(3) $n_(5) 1Mb 20ms DropTail $ns_ duplex-link-op $n_(0) $n_(2) orient right-down $ns_ duplex-link-op $n_(1) $n_(2) orient right-up $ns_ duplex-link-op $n_(2) $n_(3) orient right $ns_ duplex-link-op $n_(3) $n_(4) orient right-up $ns_ duplex-link-op $n_(3) $n_(5) orient right-down $ns_ duplex-link-op $n_(2) $n_(3) queuePos 0.5 } TestSuite instproc finish {} { $self instvar ns_ global quiet $ns_ flush-trace if { !$quiet } { puts "running nam..." exec nam temp.rands.nam & } exit 0 } Test/sliding-normal instproc init {flag} { $self instvar ns_ testName_ flag_ set testName_ sliding-normal set flag_ $flag

$self next } Test/sliding-normal instproc run {} { $self instvar ns_ n_ $ns_ queue-limit $n_(2) $n_(3) 50 ### TCP between n_(0) & n_(4) Agent/TCP set maxcwnd_ 8 set sliding [new Agent/TCP/SlidingWindow] $ns_ attach-agent $n_(0) $sliding set sink [new Agent/TCPSink/SlidingWindowSink] $ns_ attach-agent $n_(4) $sink $ns_ connect $sliding $sink set ftp [new Application/FTP] $ftp attach-agent $sliding ### CBR traffic between n_(1) & n_(5) set udp0 [new Agent/UDP] $ns_ attach-agent $n_(1) $udp0 set cbr0 [new Application/Traffic/CBR] $cbr0 set packetSize_ 500 $cbr0 set interval_ 0.01 $cbr0 attach-agent $udp0 set null0 [new Agent/Null] $ns_ attach-agent $n_(5) $null0 $ns_ connect $udp0 $null0 ### setup operation $ns_ at 0.1 "$cbr0 start" $ns_ at 1.1 "$cbr0 stop" $ns_ at 0.2 "$ftp start" $ns_ at 1.1 "$ftp stop" $ns_ at 1.2 "$self finish" $ns_ run } Test/sliding-loss instproc init {flag} { $self instvar ns_ testName_ flag_ set testName_ sliding-loss set flag_ $flag $self next } Test/sliding-loss instproc run {} {

$self instvar ns_ n_ $ns_ queue-limit $n_(2) $n_(3) 10 ### TCP between n_(0) & n_(4) Agent/TCP set maxcwnd_ 8 set sliding [new Agent/TCP/SlidingWindow] $ns_ attach-agent $n_(0) $sliding set sink [new Agent/TCPSink/SlidingWindowSink] $ns_ attach-agent $n_(4) $sink $ns_ connect $sliding $sink set ftp [new Application/FTP] $ftp attach-agent $sliding ### CBR traffic between n_(1) & n_(5) set udp0 [new Agent/UDP] $ns_ attach-agent $n_(1) $udp0 set cbr0 [new Application/Traffic/CBR] $cbr0 attach-agent $udp0 set null0 [new Agent/Null] $ns_ attach-agent $n_(5) $null0 $ns_ connect $udp0 $null0 ### setup operation $ns_ at 0.1 "$cbr0 start" $ns_ at 1.1 "$cbr0 stop" $ns_ at 0.2 "$ftp start" $ns_ at 1.1 "$ftp stop" $ns_ at 1.2 "$self finish" $ns_ run } proc runtest {arg} { global quiet set quiet 0 set b [llength $arg] if {$b == 1} { set test $arg } elseif {$b == 2} { set test [lindex $arg 0] if {[lindex $arg 1] == "QUIET"} { set quiet 1 } } else { usage

} switch $test { sliding-normal sliding-loss { set t [new Test/$test 1] } default { stderr "Unknown test $test" exit 1 } } $ns run } global argv arg0 runtest $argv

OUTPUT:[root@localhost root]# ns test-suite-sliding-window.tcl usage: ns test-suite-sliding-window.tcl <tests> Valid <tests> : sliding-normal sliding-loss [root@localhost root]# vi test-suite-sliding-window.tcl [root@localhost root]# ns test-suite-sliding-window.tcl sliding-normal [root@localhost root]# ns test-suite-sliding-window.tcl sliding-loss [root@localhost root]#

Result: Thus the program was executed successfully.