PIPELINE OUT- of - STRAIGNTNESS ASSESSMENT

USING

PIPELINE INERTIAL GEOMETRY SURVEY (GEOPIG ) TECHNOLOGY

Alaska Pipeline Workshop Anchorage, Alaska November 08, 1999

David Hektner BJ Pipeline Inspection Services

GEOPIG
The Advanced Pipeline Inertial Geometry Inspection Tool

VECTRA
The Integrated MFL Inspection System .

ALYESKA PIPELINE & 48 GEOPIG TOOL

ACKNOLOGEMENTS ALYESKA PIPELINE NPS 48
May , 1993 Sept, 1993 May, 1994 May, 1995 April, 1997 800 200 800 200 800 Miles; Miles; Miles; Miles; Miles.

BP EXPLORATION & COLT ENGINEERING NPS 12 BADAMI PROJECT June, 1998 25 Miles.

GEOPIG APPLICATIONS:

> High Speed and High Accuracy Pipeline Caliper, > GPS Location of Features and Anomalies, > Pipeline Mapping and GIS Integration, > Bending Strain (Structural Analysis).

GEOPIG SYSTEM ACCURACIES

DENT : OVALITY : JOINT LENGTH : CURVATURE : BENDING STRAIN: INERTIAL DEVIATION :

+/- 1/10 inch +/- 1/10 inch +/- 1/2 inch 2500 D, Radius Bend +/- 0.02% Strain 1:2,000

Caliper Surveying
Pipe-wall Deformations

HIGH RESOLUTION CALIPER TECHNOLOGY

Individual, pre-tensioned mechanical caliper arms for constant internal pipe-wall mapping.

Solid state hall sensors record digital caliper arm measurement data. Data Collection at 128 Hz

Pre-calibrated caliper arms to map the most complex wrinkle and/or buckle features.

Wrinkle and Incipient Wrinkle Definition

Mechanical Caliper Accuracy to +/- 0.1 inches

Incipient Wrinkling around Main Wrinkle

High Resolution Caliper Technology

The 128 Hz (minimum) data acquisition rate provides higher feature resolution at faster tool velocities.

Dent & Feature Orientation to +/- 2 degree arc

Pipeline Mapping and GIS Integration

GEOPIG Inertial Measurement Unit

Z X Y Gyroscopes
Angular Rate (Degrees/sec)

Z X Y Accelerometers
Linear Acceleration (m/sec2)

Inertial Sampling Rate : 50 Hz

GPS Location of Features & Anomalies

(x,y,z)1

z z x y
(x,y,z)2

Inertial Drift Control Scale & Rotate Inertial Deflection Vectors

GPS Survey Control Points

Location Accuracy
1 : 2,000

36,960 (7 miles)

GPS Survey Control Feature: +/-9.2 feet Points inertial tolerance 5280 feet (1 mile)

Feature: +/-1.32 feet inertial tolerance

Feature Location Using GEODISPLAY

Creek Crossing Creek Crossing

High Strain Areas

Pipeline Mapping and GIS Integration uses Three Space Age Technologies
GPS Global Positioning System Technology

GIS Geographic Information System

GEOPIG Inertial Technology

BENDING STRAIN
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

and

Bending Strain and Structural Analysis

P2 (X2,Y2,Z2)

P1 (X1,Y1,Z1) Angle = P1 - P2

INERTIAL INSTRUMENT SENSITIVITY 2500 D BEND RADIUS

Radius of Curvature R = Arc Length Angle

Curvature Strain Calculation

R2

r
R1 Original Straight Pipe Deformed Pipe Bending Radius R3

Strain =

Radius Pipe (r)

Radius of Curvature

x 100

(i.e. R1, R2 or R3)

NPS 8 VERTICLE WRINKLE and INCIPIENT WRINKLES

Incipient Wrinkles +0.5% Main wrinkle -3.5% Main wrinkle - 3.5%

YEAR to YEAR STRAIN COMPARISON

First Run Curvature Detection to 0.02% STRAIN Run to Run Curvature Comparison to 0.01% STRAIN

MAJOR GEOPIG BENEFITS

> High Resolution CALIPER technology for accurate measurement of all anomalies and features, even in dirtier pipelines, > PIPELINE MAPPING and the integration of GPS coordinates to for direct integration into a Geographic Information System, > STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS and FITNESS For PURPOSE using extremely precise radius of curvature detection.

PIPELINE OUT- of - STRAIGNTNESS ASSESSMENT

USING

GEOPIG TECHNOLOGY

Major GEOPIG Out-of-Straightness Surveys

Norske Hydro North Sea Amerada Hess North Sea Hudson North Sea Great Lakes Gas, Michigan, USA Subsea Engineering/Mobil Mallory North Sea Colt Stomex Seaway/ETAP North Sea Colt Engineering/BP Alaska Phillips Petroleum Norway Statoil Norway January 1999 November 1998 Oct 1998 Oct. 1998 Aug. 1998 12 8.4 17 10 Gas 10 Oil 8 and 10 Water 24 Gas 10.75 Water High accuracy caliper and straightness survey, geometry monitoring and structural analysis High accuracy caliper and straightness survey, geometry monitoring and structural analysis High accuracy caliper and straightness survey, geometry monitoring and structural analysis Movement Monitoring, Caliper and Structural Analysis High accuracy out of straightness survey, geometry monitoring and structural analysis High accuracy out of straightness survey, geometry monitoring and structural analysis High accuracy caliper and straightness survey, geometry monitoring and structural analysis High accuracy caliper and straightness survey, geometry monitoring and structural analysis High accuracy straightness survey, geometry monitoring and structural analysis

22

Jul. 1998 Jul. 1998 Jun. 1998 Dec. 1997

16

10 Oil 12 Oil 22 Condensate 30 Gas

60

40

The Worlds Most Advanced Pipeline Inspection Technology

BJ PIPELINE INSPECTION SERVICES