INTRODUCTION

How miserable is our life without hands or legs. How do physically challenged peoples lead their daily life? How do they switch on or off lighting, fans or any basic electrical appliances? Here, we develop a laser based creative system to switch on or off the basic electrical home appliances. It is novel idea, in which laser is used as a remote communication media. Normally laser is used in medical and industries field to give solution for critical Problem. But in our system, laser is used as a communication media. This is a useful and helpful invention for physically challenge people. In this system, a voice operated laser torch is used to switch the electrical loads. The laser torch act as a virtual hand for physically challenged people. By using this system physically challenged people can operate any basic electrical appliances with minimum assistance.

OBJECTIVE
Physically challenged people always having difficulties operating home appliances without others help. Laser Hand will overcome those difficulties by acting as their virtual hand which will be activated by the voice of their own. The condenser microphone based hand held instrument is kept on shirt pocket. The laser beam which is fixed on the cap will be activated upon a smooth sound detected by the condenser microphone. The voice (sound) detecting system triggers the IC LM324 based timer unit. The low power point torch is used to generate laser beam for switching. The receiver side consists of several LDRs to control different electrical load. The microcontroller AT89C51 based circuit arrangement get the signal from the LDR circuit and activate electrical load through relay driver.

FLOW CHART OF THE PROJECT

BLOCK DIAGRAM TRANSMITTING SIDE

Sensitive Mic

Comparat or

Monostabl e Unit

Laser Module

RECEIVING SIDE
Opto Sensor LDR Opto Sensor LDR Opto Sensor LDR Opto Sensor LDR Comparat or

PIC Micro Controll er

Opto Couple r with Relay

Load

Regulated Power Supply to All Blocks

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM & DESCRIPTION

C E 0 D 3 N K M O 5 LASER DETECTOR CIRCUIT 5 K R 0 D 3 V 4 2 M 7 O 4 I H C M R O C O N T R O L L E R

4 1 2 3 + B 3 G 1 L T + 1

LASER DETECTOR CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION:

The laser detector circuit is designed using LDR based opto device and IC 555 based monostable circuit. The whole operation is carried out on the principal of the LDR to detect the interruption of laser rays. The resistance of the LDR is varied inversely with respect to high intensity of the laser beam shone on it. When laser beam is focused on LDR it will result in low resistances and vice versa. This resistance variation is converted as voltage variation by using 10 K, BC547 and LDR based voltage divider circuit.

1 V R P C 3 8 4 S + G I 0 C A E B L 3 M . I 5 N C K M C S 0 1 2 3 O P H 7 G V D E C F Z K N D T K A 8 L I R 9 N 3 2 4 1

M I C R C O 5 1 C O N T R O L L E R C A R D C I R C U I T

MICROCONTROLLER CARD CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION: The heart of the microcontroller card circuit is the IC 89C51. We can use this controller for any type of application. In our system it will acts as a port for status monitoring and enabling of output. The port A and port B will act as an input and output port respectively. The input from Binary-CodedDecimal (BCD) to Decimal converter is fed to pins of port A. The outputs are taken from pins of port B. For every pressing of key on far end; Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF) Signal is produced and converted as pulse, then microcontroller sense the input pin status and send the latch signal to output. The output is taken to the voice informer. The voice informer informs the correct message. By this way microcontroller generates toggle operation.

B G 4 5 2 + L 1 R I 1 5 C 2 N K E C 2 V 5 0 D L V 4 O 1 A M 7 O H 0 Y C H M 0 T M N 1

O P T 2 O
E

C O U P L E R C I R C U I T W I T H R E L A Y D R I V E R

OPTO COUPLER CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION: The opto coupler card is designed to provide isolation between control circuits and power circuit. The circuit consists of IC MCT2E and some basic components. The IC MCT2E is diode transistor pair. The Infrared (IR) diode is drive by BC547 transistor. BEL100N transistor is used to drive the relay on the output side.

OPTO COUPLER CIRCUIT OPERATION: The control circuit should be isolated from power circuit; this is achieved by using opto coupler circuit. Here IR diode and opto transistor pair is used to provide isolation between control circuit and power circuit. The control signal is fed to optocoupler circuit through transistor BC547, which act as switch. The transistor drive IR led at the moment of signal is fed to the base through 1 k resistance. The 100 resistance is connected series to IR diode for controlling current flow through it. The gap between IR diode and opto transistor is very large and gap resistance is nearly infinity. So its possible to get very good isolation between control circuit and power circuit. There is also capacitor and diode to protect circuits from the return current of relays.

B L 8 5 6 7 0 I G C 4 1 2 3 + V I L E 2 . K N O 0 1 C C A 5 7 0 1 D N K C S 4 V K M D L 5 E 7 Z F . M D 3 5 R M 2 5 I 4 M C

TRANSMITTING SIDE CIRCUIT

O D U L E

TRANSMITTING SIDE CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION: The voice sensing system for laser hand is designed using condenser mic, comparator and IC 505 based timer circuit. The sound pressure is converted as capacitor variation, consequently it is converted as voltage variation by using 10 K and condenser mic based voltage divider circuit. The voltage variation in the condenser mic based voltage divider circuit is fed to comparator circuit to compare the preset voltage. The reference value for comparator is set by 119 and 10 K based voltage divider circuit. The IC LM 324 is act as comparator lower circuit. The output of the comparator is converted as pulse using RC network which is formed using 10 K and 0.1 MFD capacitor, the IC 555 is used as monostable circuit. The time is desired by timing component 100 K and 220 MFD. The Low Power dived Laser is drived by transistor BC 5K7 based driver circuit. When sound detected, it is converted as switching pulse to switch on the laser torch.

SCHEDULES
Tasks Project plan Mechanical drawing Electrical circuit design Hardware selection and assembling Programming Testing Date Jun-11 Aug-11 Sep-11 Oct-11 Nov-11 Dec-11

Task Project Selection Brief Report Preparation Brief Report Submission Literature Survey Evolve Concept Solutions Choose Solution Schematic Drawing Calculation Interim Report Preparation Interim Report Submission Material Selections Manufacturing Selections Detail Drawings Built Prototype Test Final Report Preparation Final Report Submission

Jun '11 Jul '11 Aug '11 Sep '11 Oct '11 Nov '11 Dec '11 Jan '12 Feb '12 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Attend Viva

CONCLUSION The laser hand for physically challenged people is a very creative idea. LDR is used as a sensing element, so we should take good care to block the external atmosphere light. If not, this circuit will not work properly. In future to eliminate this problem we can use separate code to avoid external disturbance. The condenser microphone used in the transmitting side is more prone to external noises and might turned on the laser beam unnecessarily. Its possible to replace the microphone with an accelerometer sensor with shake detection to overcome this problem. The prototype circuit is designed using discrete components; it may be replaced by high end electronics when its put under production. Other than that this circuit is working satisfactorily.

REFERENCE

Microcontroller8051 and its application

Author: Kennath Ayyalla Publication: PHI Publications

Electro Optic
Author: Joseph J. Carr Publication : PROMPT Publications

Electronic Circuits Handbook

Author: Michael Tooley Publication : BPB Publications

Audio IC Circuits Manual

Author: R.M. Marston Publication : BPB Publication

ON Semiconductor Data Manual Book

Published by: Literature Distribution centre For ON Semiconductor