Wind in power

2011 European statistics

February 2012
The european Wind energy associaTion

Wind in poWer: 2011 european sTaTisTics

Contents
Executive summary .............................................................................. Wind map 2011 ................................................................................... 2011 annual installations ...................................................................... Wind power capacity installations ................................................. Power capacity installations ......................................................... Renewable power capacity installations ........................................ Trends & cumulative installations ........................................................... Renewable power installations ..................................................... Net changes in EU installed capacity 2000-2011 .......................... Total installed power capacity ....................................................... 3 4 5 5 6 7 7 7 8 8

A closer look at wind power installations ................................................ 9 Annual wind power installations ................................................... 9 National breakdown of wind power installations ............................. 9 Onshore and offshore annual markets .......................................... 10 Cumulative wind power installations ............................................. 10 Estimated wind energy production ................................................ 11

Contributors
Justin Wilkes (Policy Director, EWEA) Jacopo Moccia (Head of Policy Analysis, EWEA) Mihaela Dragan (Research officer, EWEA)

Data sources
Bentek Energy PowerVision (formerly Platts), January 2012 EWEA, wind energy and ocean energy data EPIA, solar PV data ESTELA, CSP data EU-OEA, Ocean energy data EGEC and Eurostat, Geothermal data

Special thanks to:

IGWindkraft (AT) EDORA and VWEA (BE) APEE and BGWEA (BG) CSVE (CZ) BWE and VDMA (DE) - DWIA and DKWind (DK) Tuulenergia (EE) IWEA (EI) - HWEA (EL) AEE (ES) - Suomen Tuulivoimayhdistys ry and Technology Industries of Finland (FI) SERTFEE (FR) Jardfeingi (FO) - Energy Institute Hrvoje Pozar (HR) MSZET and MSZIT (HU) ANEV (IT) LWPA (LT) Ministre de lconomie et du commerce extrieur (LU) - LVEA (LV) NWEA (NL) NorWEA (NO) PWEA (PL) APREN (PT) AREE (RO) ZVES (SK) Svensk Vindenergi (SE) - APE (SI) Suisse Eole (CH) TREB (TK) UWEA (UA) RenewableUK (UK)

Photo cover: Enel Green Power

The european Wind energy associaTion

Executive summary
2011 annual installations 9,616 MW of wind power capacity (worth some 12.6 billion) was installed in the EU during 2011, a similar figure to the previous year (9,648 in 2010); Wind power accounted for 21.4% of total 2011 power capacity installations; Renewable power installations accounted for 71.3% of new installations during 2011: 32,043 MW of a total of 44,939 MW of new power capacity; More renewable power capacity was installed during 2011 than any other year, an increase of 37.7% compared to 2010; More power capacity was installed in 2011 than ever before - an increase of 3.9%, due entirely to increasing renewable power installations. Trends & cumulative installations The EUs total installed power capacity increased by 35,468 MW net to 895,878 MW, with wind power increasing its share of installed capacity to 10.5% (93,957 MW), and renewable capacity increasing its share to 31.1%; Since 2000, 28.2% of new capacity installed has been wind power, 47.8% renewables, and 90.8% renewables and gas combined; For only the third time since 1998 the EU power sector installed more coal than it decommissioned, highlighting the urgent need for the EU to move to a 30% greenhouse gas reduction target for 2020, to introduce an Emissions Performance Standard, and to end decades of subsidies for new coal build and its fuel; The EU power sector continues its move away from fuel oil and nuclear, with each technology continuing to decommission more than it installs; Wind power installations Annual installations of wind power have increased steadily over the last 17 years from 814 MW in 1995 to 9,616 MW in 2011, an annual average market growth of 15.6%; A total of 93,957 MW is now installed in the European Union, an increase in installed cumulative capacity of 11% compared to the previous year; Germany remains the EU country with the largest installed capacity, followed by Spain, France, Italy and the UK; Growth in onshore installations in Germany and Sweden, and offshore in the UK - together with continuing strong performance from some emerging onshore markets in Eastern Europe have more than offset the fall in installations in mature markets such as France and Spain; The wind capacity installed by the end of 2011 would, in a normal year, produce 204 TWh of electricity, representing 6.3% of electricity consumption up from 5.3% the year before.

The european Wind energy associaTion

FINLAND 197

Wind power installed in europe by end of 2011 (cumulative)2011 european sTaTisTics Wind in poWer:

SWEDEN 2,907 NORWAY 520 ESTONIA 184

RUSSIA n/a***

LATVIA 31 DENMARK 3,871* LITHUANIA 179

FAROE ISLANDS 4

IRELAND 1,631

UNITED KINGDOM 6,540

NETHERLANDS 2,328 BELGIUM 1,078 LUXEMBOURG 44 GERMANY 29,060 CZECH REPUBLIC 217

POLAND 1,616

UKRAINE 151

SLOVAKIA 3

FRANCE 6,800*

SWITZERLAND 46

AUSTRIA 1,084 SLOVENIA 0 CROATIA 131

HUNGARY 329

ROMANIA 982

PORTUGAL 4,083 SPAIN 21,674

ITALY 6,747*

BULGARIA 612* FYROM** 0 TURKEY 1,799

GREECE 1,629

installed 2010 EU Capacity (MW) Austria 19 Belgium 325 Bulgaria 322 Cyprus 82 Czech Republic 23 Denmark 315 Estonia 7 Finland 52 France 1,396 Germany 1,493 Greece 238 Hungary 94 Ireland 82 Italy 948 Latvia 2 Lithuania 72 Luxembourg 1 Malta 0 Netherlands 56 Poland 456 Portugal 171 Romania 448 Slovakia 0 Slovenia 0 Spain 1,463 Sweden 604 United Kingdom 1,005 Total eu-27 9,648 Total eu-15 8,144 Total eu-12 1,504 Of which 883 offshore and near shore

end 2010 1,014 886 500 82 215 3,749 149 197 5,970 27,191 1,323 295 1,392 5,797 30 163 44 0 2,269 1,180 3,706 462 3 0 20,623 2,163 5,204 84,650 81,571 3,079 2,944

installed 2011 73 192 112* 52 2 178 35 0 830* 2,086 311 34 239 950* 1 16 0 0 68 436 377 520 0 0 1,050 763 1,293 9,616 8,409 1,208 866

end 2011 1,084 1,078 612* 134 217 3,871 184 197 6,800* 29,060 1,629 329 1,631 6,747* 31 179 44 0 2,328 1,616 4,083 982 3 0 21,674 2,907 6,540 93,957 89,670 4,287 3,810

MALTA 0

European Union: 93,957 MW Candidate Countries: 1,930 MW EFTA: 565 MW Total Europe: 96,607 MW
installed 2010 candidate countries (MW) Croatia 61 FYROM** 0 Serbia 0 Turkey 528 Total 589 eFTa (MW) Iceland 0 Liechtenstein 0 Norway 18 Switzerland 25 Total Of which offshore and near shore other (MW) Faroe Islands Ukraine Russia Total Total europe 43 0 0 1 0 1 10,280 end 2010 89 0 0 1,329 1,418 0 0 436 42 478 2 4 87 9 101 86,647

CYPRUS 134

installed 2011 42 0 0 470 512 0 0 84 3 87 0 0 66 n/a*** 66 10,281

end 2011 131 0 0 1,799 1,930 0 0 520 46 565 2 4 151 n/a*** 164 96,607

* Provisional ** Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia *** Figure not communicated Note: Due to previous year adjustments, 216.03 MW of project de-commissioning, re-powering and rounding of figures, the total 2011 end-of-year cumulative capacity is not exactly equivalent to the sum of the 2010 end-of-year total plus the 2011 additions.

The european Wind energy associaTion

2011 annual installations

Wind power capacity installations
During 2011, 10,281(1) MW of wind power was installed across Europe, of which 9,616 MW was in the European Union, similar to the previous year. Of the 9,616 MW installed in the EU, 8,750 MW was onshore and 866 MW offshore. In 2011, the annual onshore market remained stable compared to the previous year, whilst the offshore market decreased slightly (-1.9%). Investment in EU wind farms in 2011 was 12.6 billion, a similar figure to 2010. The onshore wind power sector attracted 10.2 billion, while the offshore wind power sector accounted for around 2.4 bn (19%). In terms of annual installations, Germany was by far the largest market in 2011, installing almost 2,100 MW of new capacity. The UK came in second with just under 1,300 MW, 752 MW of which (58%) offshore, followed by Spain with 1,050 MW. Italy (950 MW), France (830 MW) and Sweden (763 MW) are followed by Romania (520 MW). Among the emerging markets, after Romania, Poland installed the second most capacity in 2011 (436
EU MEMBER STATE MARKET SHARES FOR NEW CAPACITY INSTALLED DURING 2011 IN MW. TOTAL 9,616 MW FIGURE 1.1

Greece 311 3% Portugal 377 4% Poland 436 5% Romania 520 5% Sweden 763 8% France 830 9% Italy 950 10% Spain 1,050 11% Others 1,001 10%

Germany 2,086 22% UK 1,293 13%

MW). Both remain among the 10 biggest EU markets for the second year running. Offshore accounted for 8.9% of total EU wind power installations in 2011.

(1)

Figures for Russia were not available at time of publishing

The european Wind energy associaTion

Photo: RES

Wind in poWer: 2011 european sTaTisTics

Power capacity installations

Wind power accounted for 21.4% of new installations in 2011, the third biggest share after solar PV (46.7%) and gas (21.6%). Solar PV installed 21,000 MW (46.7% of total capacity), followed by gas with 9,718 MW (21.6%), and wind with 9,616 MW (21.4%). No other technologies compare to wind, PV and gas in terms of new installations. Coal installed 2.2 GW (4.8% of total installations), fuel oil 700 MW (1.6%), large hydro 607 MW (1.3%) and CSP 472 MW (1.1%). Nuclear (331 MW), biomass (234 MW), waste (69 MW), geothermal (32 MW) and ocean technologies (4.5 MW), each represented less than 1% of new capacity installations. Overall, 2011 was a record year in the EU, with 45 GW of new electricity generating capacity installed, a 3.9% increase compared to 2010.

2011 SHARE OF NEW POWER INSTALLATIONS IN EU FIGURE 1.2

Nuclear 331 1% Large hydro 606 1% Fuel oil 700 2% Coal 2,147 5%

CSP 472 1%

Biomass 234.1 0%

Waste 69 0%

Geothermal 32 0% Small hydro 9 0% Ocean 5 0%

Wind 9,616 21%

PV 21,000 47%

Gas 9,718.3 22%

NEW INSTALLED CAPACITY AND DECOMMISSIONED CAPACITY IN MW. TOTAL 35,468 MW

FIGURE 1.3

25,000
21,000

20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000

2,147 700 606 -22 9,718 9,616

0
-934

472

331

234 -60

690

32

-216

-840

-1,147

-5,000
-6,253

PV

Gas

Wind

Coal

Fuel oil

Large hydro

CSP

Nuclear Biomass Waste

Geothermal

Small hydro

Ocean

New capacity

Decommissioned

During 2011, 6.3 GW of nuclear capacity was decommissioned, and over 1 GW of fuel oil capacity was taken offline. Gas decommissioned 934 MW, coal 840 MW and wind 216 MW. For the second year running, coal installed more capacity (2,147 MW) than it decommissioned (840

MW). This hike in new coal power capacity highlights the urgent need for the EU to move to a 30% greenhouse gas reduction target for 2020, to introduce an Emissions Performance Standard, and to end decades of subsidies for new coal build and its fuel.

The european Wind energy associaTion

Renewable power capacity installations

More renewable generating capacity was installed in the EU in 2011 than ever before - 32 GW, representing 71.3% of all new installations. Since 2008 renewable capacity installations have represented more than half of all new installed capacity.
2011 SHARE OF NEW RENEWABLE CAPACITY INSTALLATIONS (TOTAL 32,043 MW)
Waste 69 Biomass 234 CSP 472 1% Large hydro 606 2%

FIGURE 1.4
Geothermal 32 0% Small hydro 8.6 0% Ocean 4.5 0%

0% 1%

Wind 9,616 30% PV 21,000 66%

Trends & cumulative installations

Renewable power installations
In 2000, new renewable power installations totalled 3.5 GW. Renewable capacity installations have been growing almost tenfold over the past 11 years, to reach 32 GW in 2011. The share of renewables in total capacity additions has also grown. In 2000, the 3.5 GW represented 20.7% of new power installations, increasing to 23.3 GW (53.8%) in 2010, and 32 GW (71.3%) in 2011. 302.6 GW of new power capacity has been installed since 2000. Of this, 28.2% has been wind power, 47.8% renewables, and 90.8% renewables and gas combined.

EU INSTALLED POWER GENERATING CAPACITY PER YEAR IN MW AND RES SHARE (%)

FIGURE 2.1

50,000 45,000 40,000 35,000 31.5% 30,000 25,000 20,000 12.3% 15,000 10,000 5,000 13.1% 15.4% 21.5% 27.2% 20.7% 38.2% 44.4% 34.4% 46.2% 32.8% 33.5% 56.8% 63.7% 71.3% 53.8%

RES

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Peat Ocean Geothermal Fuel oil CSP Large hydro Nuclear Small hydro PV Coal Waste Wind Gas Biomass

The european Wind energy associaTion

Wind in poWer: 2011 european sTaTisTics

Net changes in EU installed capacity 2000-2011

The net growth since 2000 of gas power (116 GW), wind power (84.2 GW) and solar PV (47.4 MW) was at the expense of fuel oil (down 14.2 GW), nuclear (down 13.5 GW) and coal (down 10.3 GW). 2011 saw a sharp decrease in nuclear capacity due to the early decommissioning of a number of reactors in Germany. The other renewable technologies (hydro, biomass, waste, CSP geothermal and ocean energies) have , also been increasing installed capacity over the past decade, albeit more slowly than wind and solar PV. The 21st century sees the EU power sector moving away from fuel oil, coal and nuclear while continuing to increase its total installed capacity with gas, wind and solar PV to meet increasing demand.

NET ELECTRICITY GENERATING INSTALLATIONS IN EU 2000-2011 IN GW

120 100 84 80 60 47 40 20 4 0 3 2 1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.01 116

FIGURE 2.2

20 Gas Wind PV Large Biomass Waste hydro CSP Small hydro Geothermal Peat Ocean

-10 Coal

-14 Nuclear

-14 Fuel oil

Total installed power capacity

Wind powers share of total installed power capacity over the last decade has increased more than fourfold from 2.2% in 2000 to 10.5% in 2011. Over the
EU POWER CAPACITY MIX 2000 Peat 1,868 0% Fuel oil 66,518 Large hydro 12% 105,552 18% FIGURE 2.3 Wind 12,887 2% Small hydro 4,514 1% Biomass 2,790 1% Waste 2,054 0% PV 188 0% Geothermal 604 0%

same period, renewable capacity increased by a third from 22.5% in 2000 to 31.1% in 2011.

EU POWER CAPACITY MIX 2011

FIGURE 2.4

Fuel oil 53,745 6%

Peat 2,030 0% Large hydro 121,243 14% Wind 93,957 10%

Gas 89,801 16%

Gas 209,953 23%

PV 46,300 5% Biomass 6,019 1% Small hydro 4,845 1% Waste 3,804 0% Geothermal 924 0% Ocean 254 0% CSP 1107 0%

Nuclear 128,471 22%

Coal 159,482 28%

Nuclear 121,444 14%

Coal 230,253 26%

8 8

The european Wind energy associaTion The european Wind energy associaTion

A closer look at wind power installations

Annual wind power installations
Annual wind power installations in the EU have increased steadily over the past 17 years from 814
ANNUAL WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS IN EU IN GW

MW in 1996 to 9,616 MW in 2011, an average annual growth rate of 15.6%.

FIGURE 3.1

12 10.5 10 8.5 8 5.9 4.4 4 3.2 1.7 3.2 5.8 6.2 7.6 8.3 9.6 9.6

5.5

2 0.8 0 1

1.3

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

National breakdown of wind power installations

In 2000, the annual wind power installations of the three pioneering countries Denmark, Germany and Spain represented 85% of all EU wind capacity additions. In 2011, this share has decreased to 34%. Wind power is increasingly being installed across Europe.
FIGURE 3.2

DENMARK, GERMANY AND SPAINS SHARE OF EU WIND POWER MARKET (GW)

100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Rest of EU 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2.7 3.8 5.2 4.3 4.1 3.6 3.8 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.2 1.7 2.6 3.8

3.4 5.1 5.8 6 6.3

5.2 3.4 4.7 3.4 3.3

Germany, Spain, Denmark

The european Wind energy associaTion

Wind in poWer: 2011 european sTaTisTics

Onshore and offshore annual markets

In 2011, offshore winds share of total installations was 9%, compared to 9.2% in 2010.
ANNUAL ONSHORE AND OFFSHORE INSTALLATIONS IN MW FIGURE 3.3

11000

582 883 866

9000

318 93

373

7000

51
5000

259 170

90
9,929 7,526 8,201 7,935 8,764 8,750

4
6,114

3000 4,377 1000 2001

5,743

5,203

5,749

2002

2003

2004

2005 Offshore

2006 Onshore

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Cumulative wind power installations

A total of 93,957 MW is now installed in the European Union, a growth of 11% on the previous year. Germany remains the EU country with the largest installed capacity, followed by Spain, Italy, France and the UK.
CUMULATIVE WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS IN THE EU (GW) FIGURE 3.4 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
4.8 6.5 2.5 3.5 9.7 40.5 34.4 28.5 23.1 17.3 12.9 48 56.5 75.1 64.7 84.6 94

Nine other countries have over 1 GW of installed capacity: Portugal, Denmark, the Netherlands, Sweden, Ireland, Greece, Poland, Austria and Belgium.

EU MEMBER STATE MARKET SHARES FOR TOTAL INSTALLED CAPACITY AT END 2011 (TOTAL 93.7 GW) Sweden 2.9 3% Denmark 3.9 4% Portugal 4.1 4% UK 6.5 7% Italy 6.7 7% France 6.8 7% Netherlands 2.3 3% Ireland 1.6 2% FIGURE 3.5

Other 8.3 9% Germany 29.1 31%

Spain 21.7 23%

2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995

10

The european Wind energy associaTion

Estimated wind energy production

The wind capacity installed at end 2011 will, in a normal wind year, produce 204 TWh of electricity, representing 6.3% of the EUs gross final consumption(2). Denmark remains the country with the highest penetration of wind power in electricity consumption (almost 26%), followed by Spain (15.9%), Portugal (15.6%), Ireland (12%) and Germany (10.6%). Overall, in a normal wind year, installed wind capacity at end 2011 will meet 6.3% of the EUs electricity needs.

WIND SHARE OF TOTAL ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION

FIGURE 3.6

Denmark Spain Portugal Ireland Germany EU Cyprus Greece Sweden UK Estonia Netherlands Italy Romania Bulgaria Austria Lithuania Belgium France Poland Hungary Luxembourg Latvia Czech Republic Finland Slovakia Slovenia Malta

25.9% 15.9% 15.6% 12% 10.6% 6.3% 5.4% 5.2% 4.5% 4.5% 4.4% 4.4% 4.2% 3.7% 3.4% 3.3% 3% 2.9% 2.8% 2.3% 1.7% 1.3% 0.9% 0.7% 0.5% 0% 0% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%

(2)

According to the latest figures from Eurostat, gross electricity consumption in the EU was 3,225.2 TWh in 2009

The european Wind energy associaTion

11