INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY

This study aims to find out the employee satisfaction on Labour Welfare Measures at sakthi sugars ltd. To conduct this study the data was collected by Formulating a questionnaire & by interviewing the workers. Labour Welfare : The report of the committee on labour welfare set up by the government of India in 1960 refers to welfare as a broad concept, a condition of well being. It speaks a Measures, which promote the Physical Psychological & General well being of working population. Definition : The Oxford dictionary defines Labour Welfare as efforts to make life worth living for workmen. Aims of Labour Welfare Measures : Labour Welfare aims at providing such service facilities & amenities as would enable the workers employed in Industries / Factories to perform their work in healthy, congenial surroundings, conductive good health & high morale.

PRINCIPLES OF LABOUR WELFARE SERVICES 1. The service should satisfy real need of the workers 2. The employer should not assume a benevolent posture. 3. The cost of the service should be calculable and its financing established on a sound basis. There should be periodical assessment of evaluation of the service and necessary timely improvement on the basis of feedback. LABOUR WELFARE MEASURES INDIA : In India the provision of labour welfare measures has a long history tracing as for back as 1927 A.D. coinciding with the followed saw the enactments of many acts of the government dissected at providing some labour welfare measures, merchant shipping act 1859; the employers and workmens (Dispute) act 1860 etc. were important legislatures of the 19th century. However, there was no policy-based approach to labour welfare continued to be one of philanthropic and humanitarian activity. In 1919 the international labour organization was established to protect the welfare of the working population world over. And in the Every past of the 20th century several acts were enacted to safeguard the workers interest. After the independence of the nation the successive government took keen interest in provision of labour welfare measures on planned phase. The legislative system was strengthened to arm the government with necessary powers to ensure accordingly. The factories act 1948, the plantation labour act 1951, the mines act 1952, the employees provided fund act 1952, the labour welfare find act 1953, the

payment of bonus act 1963, and the payment of Gratuity act 1972 etc, were enacted and amended from time to time. A part form the legislative system, an administration machinery intended to protect the interest of the labour class, has been evaluated by the service agencies. The Bombay presidency womens council, the maternity and infant welfare association. The depressed classes mission societies act also are their many other institution to render certain voluntary services tro the labour. Lastly the trade union as a champion of the labour forces welfare grown in number, size. Stature and structure are also looking after the interest of the working population. CLASSIFICATION OF LABOUR WELFARE MEASURES : The welfare measures may be classified along two types, viz. 1. Statutory or Non-statutory 2. Financial or Non-financial

STATUTORY & NON STATUTORY

Statutory Washing facilities Canteen Facilities for sitting Ambulance room Shelter Restroom Lunchroom First aid applications Crches Welfare offices Bonus Gratuity Drinking water Latrines

Non Statutory Housing Medical facilities Family welfare Leave benefits Local traveling allowance Meritorious service award Scholarship forwards Suggestions box scheme Sports & Games Sports committees Quality circles Ecological balances Recreational facility Retirement facility Retirement gift Marriage gift Profit linked insurance Productivity bonus Concessional sale of goods Thrift society Vehicle loan Festival loan

FINANCIAL & NON FINANCIAL

Financial Washing allowance Bonus Gratuity House rent allowance Medical allowance Local traveling allowance Leave travel concessions Scholarship qualification Educational qualification Subsidized transport Group insurance Thrift & credit society award Vehicle loan Festival advance Productivity bonus Meritorious service and Concessional sales of essential etc. Pension benefit Family pension

Non Financial Canteen Shelter, lunch room First aid service Crches Welfare offices Housing colony Hospital services Leave benefits Suggestion box schemes Sports & Games Safety comities Quality circles Ecological balance Recreational facility Vehicle shed Drinking water Latrine Calamity assistance Ambulance room

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

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 To find out level of satisfaction of workers on various welfare measures

adopted by the company. To know the prevailing labour welfare facilities in the company. To assist the effectiveness of the welfare facilities provide by the company. To analyze the industrial relationship between management and worker. To suggest measure to improve the performance of the organization.

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

1. The study was confined only to employee satisfaction on physical environment. Here the various other aspects of HRD is not considered. 2. The employees were not able to express their opinion freely in front of their colleagues. 3. The study is based only on employees attitude and opinion and hence subject to change. 4. The study has been confined to Sakthi Sugars Ltd., alone and not with the group of companies because of time limit.

INDUSTRY PROFILE
History
The process of making developed sugar by evaporating juice from sugarcane

in India around 500BC. Sugarcane, a tropical grass, probable

originated in New Guinea. During prehistoric times its culture spread throughout the Pacific Islands and into India. By 200 BC producers in China had begun to grow it too. Westerners learned of sugarcane in the course of military expeditions into India . Nearchos, one of Alexander the Greats commanders, describers, described it as a reed that gives honey without bees. Originally, people chewed the cane raw to extract its sweetness. Sugar refining developed in South Asia, the Middle East and China, where sugar became a staple of cooking and desserts. Early refining methods involved grinding or pounding the cane in order to extract thejuncd, and then boiling down the juice or drying it in the sun to yield sugarly solids that resembled gravel. The Sanskrit word for Sugar (Sharkara), also means gravel. Similaryly, the Chinese the term gravel sugar (Traditional Chinese) for table sugar later spread to other areas of the world through trade. Mechanization Beginning in the late 18th Century , Sugar production became increasingly mechized . The steam engine first powered a sugar mill in Jamaica in 1768, and soon thereafter, steam replaced direct firing as the source of process heat. In 1813 the British Chemist Edward Charles Howard invented a method of refining sugar that involved boiling the cane juice not in an open kettle, but in a closed vessel heated by steam and held under partial vacuum. At reduced

pressure, water boils at a lower temperature, and this development both saved fuel and reduced the amount of sugar lost through caramelization. Further gains in fuel efficiency came from the multiple- effect evaporator, designed by the African- American engineer Norbert Rillieux perhaps as early as the 1820s, although the first working model tates. From 1845. This system consisted of a series of vacuum pans, each held at a lower pressure than the previous one. The vapors from each pan were used to heat the next, and little heat wasted. Today, multiple- effect evaporators evaporating water. The process of separating the sugar from the molasses also received mechanical attention: David Weston first applied the Centrifuge to this task Hawaii in 1852. Measuring Sugar Content Dissolved Sugar Content Scientists use degree Brix(Symbol Bx), are employed widely in many industries for

introduced by Antoine Brix as units of measurement of the mass ratio of dissolved substance to water in a liquid. A 25 BX Sucrose solution has 25 grams of sucrose sugar per 100 grams of liquid. Or, to put it another way, 25 grams of sucrose sugar and 75 grams of water exist in the 100 grams of solution. An infrared Brix sensor measures the vibrational frequency of the sugar

molecules, giving degrees measurement. This does not equate to Brix degrees from a density or refractive index measurement because it will specifically measure dissolved sugar concentration instead of all dissolved solids. When using a refractometer, one should report the result as refractometric dried substance (RDS) . One might speak of a liquid as having 20 Bx RDS. This refers to a measure of percent by weight of total dried solids and, although not technically the same as Brix degrees determined through an infrared method, renders an
9

accurate measurement of sucrose content, since sucrose in fact forms the majority of dried solids. The advent of in line infrared Brix measurement sensors has made measuing the amount of dissolved sugar in products economical using a direct measurement. The usual method for measuring the purity of sugar, ie the sucrose

content, is by polariemetry- the measurement of the rotation of plane polarized light by a solution of sugar. Sugar Economics Historically one of the most widely traded commodities in the world, sugar accounts for around 2% of the global dry cargo market. International sugar prices show great volatility, ranging from aound 3 to over 60 cents per pound in the past 50 years. Of the worlds 180-odd countries, around 100 produce sugar from beet or cane, a few more refine raw sugar to produce white sugar , and all countries consume sugar. Consumption of sugar ranges from around 3 kilogrammes per person per annum in Ethiopia to around 40 kg/ person/ yr in Belgium. Consumption per capital rises with income per capita until it reaches a plateau of around 35kg per person per year in middle-income countries. Many countries subsidize sugar- production heavily. The European Union, the United States, Japan and many developing countries subsidize domestic production and maintain high tariffs on imports. Sugar prices in these countries have often exceeded prices on the international market by up to three times; today with world market sugar futures prices currently strong , such prices typically exceed world prices by two times. With international trade bodies, especially in the world Trade

Organization, the G20 countries led by Brazil have long argued that because these sugar markets essentially exclude cane sugar imports, the G20 sugar producers receive lower prices.

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COMPANY PROFILE
Sakthi Sugars Limited at Sakthinagar was incorporated on 12.05.1961 and the certificate of commencement of Business was obtained on 11.05.1962. The Sugar factory at Sakthinagar with a capacity of 1250 tonnes crush per day (TCD) commenced production in the year 1964. The capacity of this Unit has been increased in stages to 4000 TCD in 1974 and 6000 TCD in 1998. The capacity of the Unit has been increased to 9000 TCD to accommodate increased quantum of sugarcane available at the command area of the factory. The performance of the sugar unit has been efficient all along from its inception and achieved its ever-best performance in the year 2005-2006 by crushing 21.65 lakh to tones of cane. Cane crush in this unit has crossed one Crore tonne mark in 1983, the maximum quantity crushed by a single factory in 19 years. This unit has bagged national efficiency award consecutively for three years since the inception of the award. This award has been given to this unit for achieving minimum loss in sugar recovery. The Command area attached to the mill has the advantage of receiving rainfall from both south west and north east monsoon and the lands are fully irrigated. Climate condition is best suitable for planting and harvesting operations throughout the year. The company is engaged in the business of manufacture of white crystal sugar, industrial alcohol, generation of power and soya products. History Of The Company: In the year 1972, the Distillery Unit was established at the precincts of Sakthinagar Sugar Unit with a capacity to produce 9000 Kilolitres of industrial alcohol per annum. The capacity of the unit was raised to 18,000 Kilolitres per

11

annum in the year 1982. The capacity of this Unit has been further increased to 27,500 Kilolitres per annum in December 1992. In the year 1988, the company has installed an Effluent Treatment (ET) plant at a cost of over Rs. 2.25 Cores for treating the distillery effluent. For this purpose, the Company had entered into technical collaboration agreements with M/s. Societe General Pour Les Techniques Nouvelles (SGN), France and with M/s. B.S.Smogless, S.P.A, Italy. The unique feature of this unit is that it will not only treat the effluent water and achieve pollution free environment but also generate bio-gas. The bio-gas can be used as a fuel substitute for raising steam in the boilers used in generation of electricity as well as in distillation. There is no indigenously developed technology in use today to match this and the company has by the collaboration agreement, acquired the right to sell this technology to other distilleries in south India. The company has since successfully executed 22 contracts by putting up similar effluent treatment plants for other distilleries, besides executing and ET plant in Thailand. In the year 1988-89 a second Sugar Unit with licensed and installed capacity of 2500 TCD has been established in Mathur-Kannariruppa Village in Sivaganga Taluk of Tamilnadu State and the Unit commenced operation in March, 1989. This Unit has adopted latest available technology for sugar manufacturing. The capacity of this unit has been increased from 2500 TCD to 4000 TCD in May 2000 to accommodate increased quantum of sugarcane available at the factorys command area. In the year 1990-91, the company has taken over a new Sugar Unit of 1250 TCD on Management contract basis from Baramba Co-operative Sugar Industries Ltd.

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The Soya Division was amalgamated with this Company with effect from 1.4.1993 pursuant to sanction of the Scheme of Amalgamation of Sakthi Soyas Ltd., by the High Court of Madras vide its order dated 4.1.1995. The installed capacity of Soya Division is 90,000 MT per annum. The Companys Sugar Unit with a crushing of 2500 TCD at Haripur Village in Dhenkanal District of Orissa State started commercial production in May 1994. The capacity of this unit has since been restructured to 1500 TCD to be commensurate with the present sugarcane availability.

In the year 1995, the company has installed a Distillery with 10,000 KL of Industrial Alcohol per annum capacity at the precincts of Dhenkanal Sugar Unit to take advantage of captive molasses available from both the sugar units in Orissa. The Company has set up of 32 MW Co-generation Plant at the precincts of its papers Ltd. (TNPL), with whom the company has a barter arrangement, have agreed to foot the cost of Boilers and its accessories required for the Project aggregating to Rs.40 Crores initially. The cost of one boiler, viz., Rs. 20 Crores has to be reimbursed by the company over a period of 9 years with interest at 12% p.a. The total exportable surplus power will work out to 144 Million units per year valued at about Rs. 46 Crores and the entire energy is intended to be sold to TNEB. In view of huge gap in the demand and supply of power in the State of Tamil Nadu, no difficulty is envisaged in evacuation of power to TNEB. Since the companys outlay on the Project works out to only Rs. 38 Crores (excluding TNPLs investment of Rs. 40 Crores), the payback period is very short. The Project was commissioned for commercial for commercial production during November 2003.
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The company has also set up a soft drink bottling unit at its Sivaganga sugar unit at a cost of about Rs.17 Crores. M/s. Hindustan Coca-Cola Beverages (P) Ltd., to whom the company has been supplying quality sugar for the past 4 years, has required the company for bottling the carbonated soft drinks on a contractual basis, which is ready for commissioning. In the sugar de-control scenario, taking up of the proposed venture will not only facilitate off-take of sizeable quantum of sugar produced by the company but also add to the revenues of the company from margins on bottling operations. Pursuant to the Governments decision to permit missing of Ethanol with petrol as fuel, the company is setting up an Ethanol plant at a cost of Rs. 1.75 Crores at its Sakthinagar Distillary Unit. Presently, the distillery unit produces about 260 lakh litres of Alcohol and the average realization on the same is Rs. 13 per litre. The company proposes to produce about 140 lakh litres of Ethanol per annum and with the realization of about Rs. 19.50 per litre there will be additional contribution of about Rs. 11 Crores per annum to the company.

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BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Dr. N. MAHALINGAM Chariman Sri. M. MANICKAM Vice Chairman & Managing Director Sri. V.K. SWAMYNATHAN Executive Director MAIN BANKERS State Bank of India Canara Bank Punjab National Bank Indian Overseas Bank Oriental Bank of Commerce Bank of India Infrastructure Development Finance Company Ltd Sri. M. PANDI (Nominee of IIBI) Allahabad Bank Sri. B.RAMAKRISHNAN (Nominee of TIDCO) IDBI Bank Limited Sri. C. RANGAMANI (Nominee of GICI) Citibank N A Centurian Bank of Punjab Limited Vice President Finance & Company Secretary Sri. S. BASKER REGISTER & SHARE TRANSFER AGENTS Auditors Registered Office : M/s P.N. RAGHAVENDRA RAO & CO Coimbatore Intime Spectrum Registry Limited C-13, Pannalal Silk Mills Compound L.B.S. Marg. Bhandup (West), Mumbai 400 078. Branch Office : Intime Spectrum Registry Limited Surya, 35, May Flower Avenue, Behind Senthil Nagar, Sowripalayam Road, Coimbatore 641028 Sri. M. BALASUBRAMANIAM Sri. P.K. CHANDRAN Sri. G.G. GURUMURTHY Sri. S.S. MUTHUVELAPPAN Sri. M. SRINIVAASAN Sri. N.K. VIJAYAN Sri. K. DAVIDSON (Nominee of IDBI) Sri. S. DORESWAMY (Nominee of ICICI)

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REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Concept of Labour Welfare Concept of Labour Welfare is flexible and elastic and differs widely with time, region, industry, social values and customs, degree of industrialization, the general socio economic development of the people and the political ideologies prevailing at a particular time. It is also moulded according to the age group, sex, socio cultural background, marital and economic status and educational level of the workers in various industries . Accordingly, the concept cannot be very precisely defined. However, efforts have been made by the expert bodies to do so, each in his own way. The labour investigation committee preferred to include under Labour Welfare. Anything done for the intellectual, physical, moral and economic betterment of the workers, whether by employers, by government or by the other agencies, over and above what is laid down or what is normally expected of the contractual benefits for which workers may have bargained. According to the committee on Labour Welfare services should mean: Such services, facilities and amenities as adequate canteens, rest recreation facilities sanitary and medical facilities, arrangements for travel to and from place of work, and for the accommodation or workers employed at a distance from their homes; and such other services, amenties and facilities, including social security measures, as contribute to the conditions under which workers are employed.
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The ILO report refers to Labour Welfare as Such services, facilities and amenities may be established in or in the Vicinity of undertaking so enable the persons employed in them to perform their work in healthy, congenial surrounding and provided with amenities conductive to good health and high morale. The Encyclopedia of social sciences has defined Labour Welfare work as : The voluntary efforts of the employers to establish, within the existing industrial system, working and sometimes, living and cultural condition of the employees beyond what is required by law, the custom of the country and the conditions of the market. Basic Features of Labour Welfare: A perusal of the above definitions indicates that the term Labour Welfare has been used in a wide as well as narrow sense. In the boarder sense, it may include not only the minimum standard of hygiene and safety laid down in general labour legislation, but also such aspects of working life as social insurance schemes, measures for the protection of women and young workers, limiration of hours of work, paid vacations, etc. In the narrow sense welfare in addition to general physical working conditions in mainly concerned with the day-to-day problems of the workers and the social relationships at the place of work. In some countries, the used of the welfare activities provided is confined to the workers employed in the undertaking concerned, while in others, the workers families are allowed to share in many of the benefits which are made available.

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On the basis of the various definitions, the basic characteristics of labour welfare work may note thus: It is the work which is usually undertaken within the premises or in the vicinity of the undertaking for the benefit of the employees and the members of their families. The work generally includes those item of welfare which are over and above what is provided by statutory provisions or required by the custom of the industry or what the employees expect as a result of a contract of service from the employers. The purpose of providing welfare amenities is to bring about the development of the whole personality of the workers his social, psychological, economic, moral, cultural and intellectual development to make him a good worker, a good citizen and a good member of the family. These facilities may be provided voluntarily by progressive and enlightened entrepreneurs at their own accord out of their realization of social responsibility towards labour, or statutory provisions may compel them to make these facilities available, or these may be undertaken by the government or trade unions, if they have the necessary funds for the purpose. Labour welfare is a very broad term, covering social security and such other activities and medical aid, crches, canteens, recreation, housing, adult education, arrangement for the transport of labour to and from the work place. It may be noted that not only intra mural but also extra mural, statutory as well as non-statutory activities, undertaken by any of the three agencies, the
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employers, trade unions or the government for the physical and mental development of a worker, both as a compensation for wear and tear that he undergoes as a part of the production process and also to enable him to sustain and improve upon the basic capacity of contribution to the processes of production, which are all the species of the longer family encompassed by term Labour Welfare. The committee of Experts on Welfare facilities for industrial workers convened by ILO (In 1963) included the following items under a term Labour Welfare.

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ORGANISATIONAL CHART
Board of Director Managing Director

Director Administration

Director Technical

Director Production

Director Marketing

Office Manager Engineer Time Accountant Cashier Office Assistant Typist Workers Assistant
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Store in charge Supervisors Assistant warehous e Managers or Master

Factory Manager

Supervisors Bleaching and Dyeing

Finishing Superior

Workers

Workers

FUNCTIONAL AREAS

Production Department Marketing Department Human Resource Department Engineering Department Cane Department Distillery Department Cogeneration Department

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PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT
Cane The whole of the material as delivered to the cane carries comprising clean care cane trash water adhering dust etc., Imbibitions The process in which hot water or cold water is applied to baggase to enhance the extraction of juice at the next mill. First Expressed Juice The Juice expressed by the first two rollers of the milling random. Hast Expressed Juice The juice expressed before dilution begins. Secondary Juice The dilute Juice which joins the primary juice to form mixed juice. Mixed Juice The complete juice comprising Primary and secondary juice which are from the milling plant to the boiling house. Clear Juice The whole Juice which emerges from the Clarification system Faltered Juice The combined filtrates from the filters.

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Filter Cake The residue removed from the muddy Juice or settings by filtration. Masscuites The mixture of crystals and mother liquor discharges from a vacuum pan, masscuites are classified according to decreasing purity as first second and third. Baggese The residue obtained from the crushed cane in one or more mills. Syrup The concentrated Juice which is emerging from the last body of the evaporator. Molasses The effluent obtained from the centrifugal on pouring or spinning a masscuite and also distinguished as first, second etc., Brix Total dissolved soldiers present in the given solution.

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Products Manufactured in Sakthi Nagar unit Main products White crystal sugar S 30 M 30 L 30 By products Molasses. Bagasse Bio compost Exporting Countries: Sri Lanka Thailand

Singapore European Countries Arabic countries Philippines Far East Countries

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FINANCE DEPARTMENT
The following are the accounting policies of the SAKTHI SUGARS LIMITED. ACCOUNTING POLICIES 1. All ascertained income and expenses are accounted on accrual basis. Expenses less than Rs.5000 are charged on payment basis. Contract works when undertaken are accounted based on the level of completion. 2. Depreciation on fixed assets has been provided under Straight Line Method at the rates prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956, on revalued/original cost of assets as the case may be. The additional depreciation relating to increased value of revalued assets are adjusted again Revaluation Reserve. 3. Materials consumption is accounted net of CENVAT. 4. Valuation of Inventories a) Finished goods are valued at lower of Cost or the Net Realisable Value. b) Raw materials are valued as follows Sugar Division Soya Division realizable price. d) Newsprint, Fertilizer and Chemicals are valued at cost. : Raw Sugar at landed Cost. : At Cost on FIFO basis. Distillery Division : Molasses at Weighted Average Cost. c) Bagasse, Molasses and by products of Soya are valued at net

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e) Process stock is valued at estimated cost. f) Stores and Spare parts are valued at monthly weighted average cost. 5. Retirement Benefits Contribution payable by the company under defined contribution schemes towards Providend fund and superannuation fund for the year are charged to profit and loss account. Gratuity liability to the employees on actuarial basis upto 30.06.2006 has been accounted. The Company has opted for Life Insurance Corporation of India Group Gratuity Scheme. Leave salary is provided as per actuarial valuation. 6. a) Fixed Assets are shown at cost/revalued figures, less accumulated

depreciation. Fixed Assets added during the year are valued at cost net of CENVAT but includes all direct expense like freight, erection charges and interest on related borrowing. b) Fixed Assets taken on lease are treated as the assets of the company and they are accounted at cost. Interest portion of the lease amount is charged to the Profit and Loss Account. c) The payment made towards goodwill for cane ryots in excess of statutory obligations and to employees as per wage board settlement, is amortized over a period of ten years in accordance with AS-26. 7. Investments are accounted at cost. The diminution if any in value of long term investments such decline is other than temporary in the opinion of the management.

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8. Expenses and income in foreign exchange are accounted for at the rate prevailing on transaction. Charges in foreign exchange rates at the year end are taken into account wherever and fluctuation are dealt in accordance with AS-11. 9. Deferred Revenue Expenditure Technical know-how, re-structuring fees, crop development expenses, soya product launching. Reserve and Development expenses incurred upto 30.06.2003, are written off over a period. Voluntary Retirement Scheme payments, syndication and ancillary cost incurred for raising written off over a period of five years and period of loan respectively. 10. Premium on pre-payment of loans/debentures is deferred and is being written off over the unexpired term of the loans/debentures. 11. Contingent liabilities are disclosed by way of note.

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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

2005
1. Specific areas in which Research and Development carried out by the company Development of three tier nursery programme, primary, secondary and commercial nurseries, using Aerated Steam Theraphy. Pit method of cane planting, together with drip irrigation system. Designing of filter point bore wells to suit hard formation in the middle zone of 100-150 feet. Application of insecticides to control wooly aphid outbreak. 2. Benefits derived as a result of the above Research and development Enables supply of quality and disease free seed material to farmers. Improvement in cane growth and yield and conservation in water and labor requirement. Facilitates irrigation. Woolly aphid is effectively controlled. 3. Future plan of action Elaborate study and implementation of pit and drip irrigation technology. Introduction of mechanism in sugar agronomic practices Cane development to improve the average yield as well as quality. 4. Expenditure on Research and Development

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TABLE Particulars a. Capital b. Recurring TOTAL 2006: 1. Specific areas in which Research and Development carried out by the company Sugarcane Varietal Trails Conducted under Coordinated Agronomic Experiments. Multipication of raw sugarcane varieties like 86V96, 86V15 & 83R23. 2. Benefits derived as a result of the above Research and Development Increase in yield in planted and ratoon crops between 4-5MTs per acre. 3. Future plan of action To advocate pocket manuring. 4. Expenditure on Research and Development TABLE Particulars a. Capital b. Recurring TOTAL Rs. in lakhs NIL 5.89 5.89 Rs. in lakhs NIL 5.57 5.57

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DISTILLERY DEPARTMENT
The Distillery unit of Sakthi Sugars Ltd was set up in the year 1972 with an initial capacity of 135 Lakhs Litres on Industrial Alcohol per annum. The capacity of the Distillery has been annum (90,000 litres per day capacity by incorporating Continuous Fermentation System. Distillery Plant Modernization : The Distillery Plant has been modernized by stages with the latest the latest technologies and improved process methods. In the year 1995, we have converted the conventional batch-type fermenters into continuous fermentation system. DISTILLERY ALCOHOL MANUFACTURING PROCESS Sakthi is adopting continuous fermentation system which comprises of 5 fermenters. Molasses and water are added separately to the first 3 4 fermenters in suitable proportion. Yeast is cultured and added only during initial start up of the fermentation process. Air is passed into the first two fermenters and carbon-dioxide in the remaining 3 fermenters. The retention time for fermentation is around 22 24 hours. The temperature of the fermenters is maintained at 32 34 Deg C. by means of heat exchanger. During this fermentation period the sugar which is available in the molasses is converted into alcohol and carbon-di-oxide. Throughout the process, the pH is maintained in the range of 4 to 5 to control bacterial contamination. After the fermentation is completed, the fermented liquid is boiled in the boiling column and alcohol is concentrated in the rectification column and tanks. During this process, a bye-product called FUSEL OIL (a mixture of higher alcohol) is produced occasionally and if it is separated then it is collected and stored separately and sold.

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We produce both Rectified and Neutral spirit as well as Anhydrous Alcohol (Ethanol) depending upon the off-take. ANHYDROUS ALCOHOL PRODUCTION PROCESS DESCRIPTION: We have incorporated 50,000 Ltrs per day Anhydrous Alcohol (Ethanol) plant which has been designed in such a way that in future we can produce around 60,000 litres per day Anhydrous Alcohol (Ethanol). The Rectified spirit from the Rectified spirit plant will be sent to the feed thank in the Anhydrous Alcohol plant. Hot Anhydrous ethanol vapor from the Mol Sieve Units is condensed in the Mol Sieve Condenser. The anhydrous ethanol product is then further cooled down in the product cooler, to bring it close to the ambient temperature. Form the Feed Tank, rectified spirit is pumped to the Stripper / Rectifier Column. A partial stream of vapors from the Column are condensed in Condenser and sent back to the column as reflux. Rest of the vapors are passed through a super-heater and taken to the Mol Sieve units for dehydration. Steam is used in the Reboiler the condensate of which is pumped back to the boiler as feed water. The vapor passes through a bed of molecular sieve beads and water in the incoming vapor stream is adsorbed on the molecular sieve material and anhydrous ethanol vapor exits from the Mol Sieve Unit. The two Mol Sieve Units operate sequentially and are cycled so that one is under regeneration while the other under operation, adsorbing water from the vapor stream. The regeneration is accomplished by applying vacuum to the bed undergoing regeneration. The adsorbed water from the molecular sieve material desorbs and evaporates into the ethanol vapor stream. This mixture of ethanol and water is condensed and cooled against cooling towards water in the Mol Sieve regenerant Condenser enters the Mol Sieve regenerant liquid.

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The cooled regenerant liquid is weak in ethanol concentration, as it contains all the water desorbed from the Molecular Sieve Beds. This low strength liquid is recycled back to the Stripper/Rectifier Column for recovering the ethanol. The water which leaves from the bottom of the column is cooled and reused in the fermentation section as process water for the purpose of molasses dilution.

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HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT & WELFARE

i. ii. iii. iv. Workers are given two sets of stitched uniform and a pair of shoes. Welders are given three sets of stitched uniform. Workers working in mill section are given a Hamam soap. 300 houses are allotted to Workers : 150 houses within the campus. 150 houses at a distance of 2 kms. from the company. v. Subsidiaries given

Electricity Workers are given free electricity of 40 to 125 units per month according to their designation. Food Allowances Those who stay with in the campus Rs.8.50 per day is given. Those who stay out of the campus Rs.11.50 per day is given. Educational Allowances Merit scholarship is given to the employees children. Elementary and high school facilities are provided for the employees children.

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 Company is also owing SIT Polytechnique which is Providing good education at Government fixed price with Government aided education. Company is also providing free school bus facility for their employees children. Employees children are given Rs.10000 per year for doing MBBS on merit basis. For doing BE Rs. 9500 per year on merit basis is given. Medical and Other Allowances One month salary is given for medical allowances if they take medical facility in VMK Hospital. Also they are given allowances for cooperative stores and credit stores. Cultural Activities Company is owning two recreation clubs for the workers. Out of those two, one is for the family members. Retirement Benefits At the time of retirement, workers are given one month salary and a gold coin.

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Here the methodology represents the various methods through which the data collection was done. Mainly a data can be of two styles, they are; 1. Primary Data : The data which are collected directly or which are first hand data. 2. Secondary Data : The data which are already collected earlier by some ones. In the study both primary and secondary data are collected, but mostly the primary data are used in the study. 1. Primary Data: Primary data is by consulting with the staff and other employees of the organization. Primary data is the most reliable data and more accurate then any other data. 2. Secondary Data :

35

Secondary data is obtained from source other than primary. It consists of material like Internet, Magazines, Annual reports and Company records, secondary data is sufficient for an effective study.

RESEARCH DESIGN A research design is the arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in procedure. In fact, the research design is the conceptual structure within which research is conducted; it constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement and analysis of data. Descriptive Research Facts finding investigation but adequate interpretation are the descriptive research; it is more specific than exploratory research as it has a focus an aspects or dimensions of the problem studies it is designed to gather descriptive information for formulating more sophisticated studies. In the case of descriptive research that is collected by face to face observation, interviewing, mail questionnaire etc. SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

36

Chi-Square enables us to find out the degree of discrepancy between observed frequencies and theoretical frequencies and thus to determine whether the discrepancy so obtained between observed frequencies and theoretical frequencies is due to error of sampling or due to chance. In this study, the formulation of testing is done through chi-square testing to accommodate the results with population, variance, and quotients. To exhibit the result of relationship with this welfare of labour. SAMPLE SIZE Sample size should be large enough to give a confidence interval of desired width and as such the size of the sample must be chosen by some logical process before sample is taken from the universe. In this study, the results exhibits that the size of the sample 50.

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ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

QUALITY OF FOOD PROVIDED IN THE CANTEEN:

RATING HIGHLY SATISFIED SATISFIED NEUTRAL

Oi 0

Ei 25

(Oi-Ei) -25

(Oi-Ei)^2 625

(Oi-Ei)^2/Ei 25

42 38

35 20

07 18

49 324

1.4 8.52

DISATISFIED

10

15

-5

25

1.67

HIGHLY DISATISFIED TOTAL INTERPRETATION: Calculated Value Table Value Degrees of freedom

10

25

41.59

: 41.59 : 9.488 = n-1 =5-1 = 4

Level of significance : 0.05

Calculated value is greater than the table value. So hypothesis is rejected.

38

HOUSING FACILITIES:

RATING

Oi

Ei

(Oi-Ei)

(Oi-Ei)^2

(Oi-Ei)^2/Ei

HIGHLY SATISFIED SATISFIED NEUTRAL

14

35

-21

441

12.6

46 26

40 10

6 16

36 256

0.9 25.6

DISATISFIED

12

10

0.4

HIGHLY DISATISFIED TOTAL

-3

1.8

41.3

INTERPRETATION: Calculated Value Table Value Degrees of freedom : 41.3 : 9.488 = n-1 =5-1 = 4 Calculated value is greater than the table value. So hypothesis is rejected.

Level of significance : 0.05

39

DRINKING WATER:

RATING

Oi

Ei

(Oi-Ei)

(Oi-Ei)^2

(Oi-Ei)^2/Ei

YES

84

75

81

1.08

NO

16

25

-9

81

3.24

TOTAL

4.32

INTERPRETATION: Calculated Value Table Value Degrees of freedom : 4.32 : 3.841 = n-1 =2-1 = 1 Calculated value is less than the table value. So hypothesis is accepted.

Level of significance : 0.05

40

WAGES:

RATING

Oi

Ei

(Oi-Ei)

(Oi-Ei)^2

(OiEi)^2/Ei 35

HIGHLY SATISFIED SATISFIED

10

35

-25

1225

30

28

0.14

NEUTRAL

34

20

14

196

9.8

DISATISFIED HIGHLY DISATISFIED

14

10

16

1.6

12

25

3.57

TOTAL

50.11

INTERPRETATION: Calculated Value Table Value Degrees of freedom : 50.11 : 9.488 = n-1 =5-1 = 4 Calculated value is greater than the table value. So hypothesis is rejected.

Level of significance : 0.05

41

RELATIONSHIP WITH CO-WORKERS:

RATING

Oi

Ei

(Oi-Ei)

(Oi-Ei)^2

(Oi-Ei)^2/Ei

HIGLY SATISFIED SATISFIED

26

55

29

841

152

56

15

41

1681

112.01

NEUTRAL

12

10

0.48

DISATISFIED

15

13

169

11.26

HIGHLY DISATISFIED TOTAL

0.2

139.06

INTERPRETATION: Calculated Value Table Value Degrees of freedom : 139.06 : 9.488 = n-1 =5-1 = 4 Calculated value is greater than the table value. So hypothesis is rejected.
42

Level of significance : 0.05

FINDINGS

From the analysis, the result exhibits that the employees are not provided good quality of food and canteen facilities.

From the chi-square test analysis, the employees feel that they are not satisfied with housing facility.

The analysis states that, the water facility provided by the concern is almost satisfied.

The result states that the relationship with co-worker is poor. From the analysis, the result exhibits that the wages provided by the organization is poor.

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SUGGESTIONS

The organization should concentrate on welfare such as canteen, ventilation and rest room facilities.

The organization can take step to reduce the workload of the employee and this help them to work rapidly.

The organization should analyze the performance of each employee and they should motivate them by giving rewards.

The organization should concentrate on better housing facilities and transportation facilities for the employees.

The company may try to increase the employee wages and concentrate to maintain good communication between workers and co-workers.

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CONCLUSION

Traditionally business has been held responsible for quantities for the supply of goods and jobs, for costs, prices, hours of work, and standard of living. Now, business increasingly is being asked to take on responsibility for the quality of life becomes the business. The gaining importance of the aspects of Industrial life like injuries once ignored by employees, as a necessary by product of Industrialization has interested me in undertaking this study titled A STUDY ON LABOUR WELFARE MEASURES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SAKTHI SUGARS LTD., Labour comprises all human efforts of body and mind, which is exchange for a consideration in terms of cash. So, the duty of providing them with welfare measures is the companys ultimate responsibility. The collected data has been analysed through Chi Square Test. By considering some of the suggestions, which the organization feel is important. It can surely be placed in a much better position in the days to come.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
REFERENCE BOOKS: C.R.Kothari, Research Methodology, Wishwa Prakashan publications,

second edition, 2001. Biswajeet pattanayak, Human Resource Management, New Delhi prentice hall of India, 2003. K. Aswathappa Human Resource and Personnal Management New Delhi, Tata MC Graw Hill publishing company Ltd, 3rd edition, 2003. C.B. Mamoria & S.V.Gankar Personnel Management, Publishing House, twenty fifty edition 2005. Tata Mc graw Hill publishing company limited, second edition. Gary dessler, Human Resource Management, person eduction ninth Himalyas

Arun monappa & Mirza saiya dain, Personnel Management New Delhi,

edition, 2005. John W. Newstrom, keith davis organizational behaviour, human

behaviour at work 11th edition, Tata Mcgraw Hill Edition. WEBSITES www.google.com - Sugar Industry in India www. Sakthisugars.com www.dogpile.com JOURANLS Company annual report Company magazine

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APPENDIX
A STUDY ON LABOUR WELFARE MEASURES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SAKTHI SUGARS LTD QUESTIONNAIRE
Personal Data Name Age Gender Martial Status Department Experience (years) a) Below 1 year b) 1-3 years c) 3-5 years d) 5-7 years e) 7-10 years 1. The working hours of the company is a) Highly Satisfied b) Satisfied c) Neutral e) Highly Dissatisfied 2. The quality of food provided in the canteen is a) Highly Satisfied b) Satisfied c) Neutral e) Highly Dissatisfied 3. Is there any rest room provided by the company? a) Yes b) No d) Dissatisfied 4. The ventilation and the temperature maintained by the company is a) Highly Satisfied b) Satisfied c) Neutral e) Highly Dissatisfied 5. The housing facility provided by the company is a) Highly Satisfied b) Satisfied c) Neutral e) Highly Dissatisfied d) Dissatisfied d) Dissatisfied d) Dissatisfied : : : : :

47

6. The overall welfare facility provided by the company is a) Highly Satisfied b) Satisfied c) Neutral e) Highly Dissatisfied 7. Are you satisfied with the drinking water provided in the company? a) Yes a) Yes b) No b) No d) Dissatisfied 8. Has your health affected in anyway by doing this job? 9. Your satisfaction towards the first aid treatment given by the company is a) Highly Satisfied b) Satisfied c) Neutral e) Highly Dissatisfied 10. Does the Hospital have adequate doctor? a) Yes b) No d) Dissatisfied 11. The medical reimbursement facility given by the company a) Highly Satisfied b) Satisfied c) Neutral e) Highly Dissatisfied 12. The quality of the uniform provided by the company is a) Very good e) Very bad 13. The wages provided by the company is a) Highly Satisfied b) Satisfied c) Neutral e) Highly Dissatisfied 14. The night allowances provided by the company is a) Very good e) Very bad 15. The relationship with co-workers is a) Very good e) Very bad b) Good c) Neutral d) Bad b) Good c) Neutral d) Bad d) Dissatisfied b) Good c) Neutral d) Bad d) Dissatisfied

48

16. The retirement benefit offered by the company is a) Highly Satisfied b) Satisfied c) Neutral e) Highly Dissatisfied 17. How do you feel above co-operative stores & services offered by the company is a) Highly Satisfied b) Satisfied c) Neutral e) Highly Dissatisfied 18. The education facility provided by the company is a) Highly Satisfied b) Satisfied c) Neutral e) Highly Dissatisfied 19. How do you feel about leave facility offered by the company? a) Highly Satisfied b) Satisfied c) Neutral e) Highly Dissatisfied 20. Safety measures provided by the company is a) Highly Satisfied b) Satisfied c) Neutral e) Highly Dissatisfied d) Dissatisfied d) Dissatisfied d) Dissatisfied d) Dissatisfied d) Dissatisfied

49