BRIEF CONTENTS

BOOK 2- ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN THERMAL UTILITIES

Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9

Fuels and Combustion Boilers Steam System Furnaces Insulation and Refractories FBC Boilers Cogeneration Waste heat recovery Heat Exchanger Annexure

BOOK 2 - ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN THERMAL UTILITIES

Table of Contents Chapter 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9

FUELS AND COMBUSTION Introduction to Fuels Properties of Liquid Fuels Properties of Coal Properties of Gaseous Fuels Properties of Agro Residues Combustion Combustion of Oil Combustion of Coal Combustion of Gas Combustion of Biomass Draft System Combustion Controls BOILERS Introduction Boiler Systems Boiler Types and Classifications Performance Evaluation of Boilers Boiler Water Treatment Boiler Blow Down Improving Boiler Availability Thermic Fluid Heaters Energy Conservation Opportunities

3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7

STEAM SYSTEM Introduction Properties of Steam Steam Distribution Efficient Steam Utilisation Proper Selection, Operation and Maintenance of Steam Traps Performance Assessment Methods for Steam Traps Efficient Steam Utilisation and Energy Saving Opportunities

4 4.1 4.2 4.3

FURNACES Types and Classification of Different Furnaces Performance Evaluation of a Typical Fuel Fired Furnace General Fuel Economy Measures in Furnaces

5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9

INSULATION AND REFRACTORIES Purpose of Insulation Types and Application Calculation of Insulation Thickness Economic Thickness of Insulation (ETI) Simplified Formula for Heat Loss Calculation Cold Insulation Refractories Properties of Refractories Classification of Refractories

5.10 5.11 5.12

Typical Refractories in Industrial Use Selection of Refractories Heat Losses from Furnace Walls

6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6

FBC BOILERS Introduction Mechanism of Fluidised Bed Combustion Types of Fluidised Bed Combustion Boilers Retrofitting of FBC Systems to Conventional Boilers Advantages of Fluidised Bed Combustion Boilers Application Considerations with Biomass FBC Boilers

7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8

COGENERATION Need for Cogeneration Principle of Cogeneration Technical Options for Cogeneration Classification of Cogeneration Systems Factors Influencing Cogeneration Choice Important Technical Parameters for Cogeneration Prime Movers for Cogeneration Typical Cogeneration Performance Parameters

7.9 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13

Relative Merits of Cogeneration Systems Steam Turbine Efficiency Cogeneration Heat Rate and Efficiency Assessment -Illustrative Case Trigeneration Microturbine

8 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5

WASTE HEAT RECOVERY Introduction Classification and Application Benefits of Waste Heat Recovery Development of a Waste Heat Recovery System Commercial Waste Heat Recovery Devices

9 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6

HEAT EXCHANERGS Heat Transfer Basics Concept of Heat Exchanger Heat Exchanger Types (by Flow Design) Heat Exchanger Types (by Construction) Heat Exchanger Types (by Application) Pinch Analysis and Pinch technology Application for Process and Energy Efficiency Improvements