1b. the role of a surveyor under Land Development (provision for roads) CAP 97 I. II. III. IV. V.

Define the approximate positions (extents) of the land. Define the effect of division. Divide any land into lots with view to sale. Make provision of parts of the land if any which proposes to reserve for roads. Also to serve as mediator between owner of land and authority for the purpose of endorsement of such land provided for roads.

2. Recent legislation that stipulates all land within 100 meters from the coastline belongs to the Federal Government? The legislation that stipulates that all land within 100 meters from the coastline belongs to the Federal Government (title vesting) Decree No. 52 of 1993(Osborne land decree)- lands lying within 100 meters limit of the 1967 shoreline of Nigeria and any other lands reclaimed from any lagoon, sea, ocean in /or bordering the Federal Republic of Nigeria belongs to the Federal Government. Advantages of this Decree 1) The revenue discovered in this coastline belongs to the states. 2) It settles dispute between states that have common boundaries along the coast.

Disadvantage of Decree 1) The state within these coastal areas could not claim the land for use. 2) Any application for the use of such land, either for residential, commercial, agricultural or grazing, is made to the Federal Government and such process of application can be very difficult. 3) The decree cancels the jurisdiction of the court and all citizen s right under chapter 4 of the 1979 constitution and 1999 constitution of Nigeria. Implications of this legislation on the provision of the land use decree of 1978 is that it revokes the jurisdiction of the states and local Government of their coast, it also revokes the certificates of occupancy issued by state government in exercise of its rights.

Enforcement of this 100 meters y Providing securities and agencies that will ensure no activities or improvement on such land is carried out after this decree.

A special committee should be established for proper monitoring of such coastal area.

3a.

Connection of survey to government survey beacon

Connection of survey to government survey beacon is done by traversing or triangulation. If a beacon exists within one mile of the survey, the connection will be allowed, provided local conditions are permitted. This is made by a theodolite traverse which will be double chained and if exceeding twenty traverse stations, a check stellar or solar determination will be taken to control the bearings. When a survey is connected to the government survey beacon by triangulation no angle of the triangle from which the connection is computed will be less than 25 degrees. If no government survey beacon exists to which the survey can be connected by traverse or by observing a single triangle, a local origin can be created which will be permanently beaconed and the positions will be described by reference to the chief local objects, landmarks, topographical features such as hills, rivers, villages, will be adopted and the bearings will be based on stellar or solar determinations of azimuth. The local origin should be situated on some prominent point. In a case where by creation of local origin does not apply to the survey, one can employ the use of compass and steel band but note that error in linear measurements shall not exceed 1:1000 and every of such survey must obtain a reference to true north either by solar or stellar observations or by connecting the survey to a line to the azimuth of which has already been determined. The survey can then be affected by theodolite and steel band which will then form a closed traverse, also the linear error must not exceed 1:1000. Boundary marks will be erected and plans prepared as required. When the survey is made by the applicant or the agent, the plan or true copy together with the field books will be sent to the nearest survey office. 3b. Size and material for standard beacons for demarcation of property boundaries

The size and material for standard beacons in the demarcation of boundaries may include: the demarcation of the boundaries of all area surveyed under town lands and country lands. Beacons or pillars of concrete are mixed in the proportions of five parts of sand and rubble to cement, being not less than seven inches square in section and being three inches above ground, and two feet three inches below and having an iron pin or spike in the centre of the top. For plots of land forming part of a general layout accepted by the chief federal land officer, a plan showing the plots and layout has been deposited in the office of the land department, beacons not less than four inches square in section and being three inches above the ground, and one feet nine inches below the ground level is used. The symbol , and identification letter and number will be stamped upon beacons used to demarcate boundaries of land surveyed by a government surveyor; same will be done on beacons used to demarcate the boundaries of land surveyed by a licensed surveyor. 3c. Demarcation of and survey of boundary defined by a stream

Demarcation and survey of boundary defined by a stream include placing beacons on the river bank above flood level and the distance from the beacon to the river bank should be shown on the plan.

3d.

when adjoining land occupier raises objection to the boundary shown to you by the client.

When an adjoining land occupier raises objection to the boundary shown to you by the client, objection can be made by the owner of the adjoining land to the position of a boundary as pointed out by the person whom a survey is being made or as located by the surveyor from the documents of title under which the land is claimed, the surveyor will then survey the position of this boundary and show the same on the plan, but may decline to demarcate that portion to which objection has been made. The survey and demarcation shall not be regarded as incomplete in this case. 3e. when a surveyor discovers any disagreement in data or drainage to displacement of government beacons, provisions as contained in abrogated CAP194 of the laws of federation of Nigeria 1958 In the resurvey of a land, a surveyor shall observe the principle that the beacons originally placed on the ground marks the true boundary, even though the data of such boundary may not be found on resurvey to agree with the data recorded on the original plan. Survey marks shall on no account be moved unless is clearly established that they have been tampered with or have become displaced. In this case the surveyor will transmit to the director an accurate record of the position in which they are found, together with a sketch. The removal, obliteration or defacement of any survey marks which comes to the notice of a surveyor shall be reported by him in writing to the director when surveys have to be amended on instructions from the director, all erroneous beacons shall be removed or re-sited and the surveyor shall report in writing to the director that this has been done. To prevent the perpetuation of errors on original survey, and to guard against fraud in every case where material disagreement is found to exist between new and old surveys. The surveyor shall forward to the director a full report accompanied by; y A sketch showing positions of all old survey marks y Description of such marks and y Particulars of all development on or near the boundary line and any other evidence bearing on the matter. The surveyor shall make a careful search and enquiries for evidence of original survey marks. The director shall allot to the licensed surveyors a distinctive letter or letters for their use as a prefix to the consecutive numbers to be stamped on all property beacons they may use. Licensed surveyors shall forward to the director by the tenth day of each month, a list of all numbered beacons have been used, a nil return shall be rendered.

4a the coordination act of 1962 and the subsequent amendment provide for the need to give notice to the surveyor general of the federation of the survey rules to be carried out in Nigeria. The content of the counter notice to be given by the secretary general of the federation before the survey work is started. The contents of the counter notice to be given by the surveyor general of the federation before the survey work is started include; giving notice of its receipt to the person who gave it and may at any time before expiration of the period of one month, beginning with the date on which the first mentioned

notice was given, gives a counter notice to that person requiring him to all or any of the following things. This may also involve the reasons for such counter notice. 1. To erect in connection with the survey work in question, survey marks of such description and at such reasonable points or within such reasonable limits as may be specified in the counter notice; 2. Within the period of one month beginning with the date of the completion of the work or of the production of the thing or information in question, which ever last occurs, to furnish the director with; two copies of every map and plans produced by or on behalf of that person in consequence of the work, showing the data on which they were made and indicating all connections with such survey marks. y The original or a copy of the negative of all aerial photographs produced in connection with the work and y Original or a copy of all field observation notes and computations made for the purposes of the work and particulars of all permanent survey marks erected in the course or in consequences of the work. 3. In the case where there is a survey mark, two or more survey marks under the control of the government of the federation or a region and situated within a distance of less than ten miles from any point at which the work is carried out, to secure that the work is connected to the mark or as the case maybe, to such, one of the marks as that person may select. 4b. Contributions to the survey work under the coordination act of 1962 with exemptions.

In the coordination act of 1962, survey work means the carrying out or ascertaining with a view to determining the shape or size of any part of the surface of any land (including any natural feature of the land). Contributions to the survey work may include any of the following; a. Traverses with a length of ten miles or more observed by angular or linear measurements. b. Lines of levels with a length of ten miles or more observed by optical or hydrostatic methods. c. Linear measurement by means of radio transmission, radar or any electronic means in cases where the total linear measurements exceed a distance of ten miles. d. Topographical or hydrophic surveys or triangulation or trilateration covering in any case an area of more than twenty-five square miles e. Terrestrial photography specially made for survey purposes by means of a camera theodolite stereo camera or similar instrument. f. Aerial photography for survey purposes g. Heighting of points over an area of more than twenty-five square miles by aneroid barometer, altimeter, hypsometer or aircraft profile recorder. h. Astronomical observations for the determination of azimuth latitude or longitude The exemptions of the following mentioned above includes; i. By or on the instructions of the government of the federation or a region; or ii. In any part of Nigeria specified for the purposes of this exemptions by regulations made by the minister iii. Solely for the purpose of determining boundaries of any property.