DIVERSITY IN LIVING ORGANISMS

CLASS 9

ANNANT CLASSES
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Diversity In Living Organisms Classification of Kingdom Animalia (Animals): Phylum Porifera (organisms with holesthe sponges): They are simplest multicellular animals and mostly marine except Spongilla. The sponges are pore-bearing animal with canal systems. They are non-motile animals attached to some solid support. The animals are covered with a hard outside layer or skeleton. Porifera is the only phylum of multicellular organisms whose members lack a nervous. Examples: Sycon, Spongilla. Phylum Coelenterata (means hollow gut): These animals live in water. Coelenterata show more body design differentiation. The body has a sac-like body cavity with a single opening to the outside for ingestion and egestion. These are the first of multicellular animal which possess tissue level organisation with a distinct division of labour. Some of the species live in colonies (corals), while others have a solitary life-span (Hydra). Examples: Hydra, Obelia. Phylum Platyheminthes (Flat warms): They are mostly parasitic animals (living in bodies of other animals) like liverflukes and some are free-living like Planaria. They are the first simplest triploblastic animals, i. e., having three layer of cells from which differentiated tissues can be made. The body is bilaterally symmetrical, meaning that the left and halves of the body have the same design. Body cavity or coelom is absent. Examples: Planaria, Fasciola(Liverfluke). Phylum Nematoda (Thread or Roundworms): They are parasitic worms causing diseases such as alephantiasis (filarial worms) or the worms in the intestines (roundworms). The nematode body is bilaterally symmetrical and triploblastic. Body is elongated, narrow and cylindrical. Examples: Ascaris (Roundworm), Wuchereria (filarialworm). Phylum Annelida (Segmented worms): These animals are found in a variety of habitatsfresh water, marine water as well as land. They are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic animals. Annelids are the first animals with true body cavity. Examples: Pheretima (earthworm), Hirudinaria (Leech).

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ANNANT CLASSES Diversity In Living Organisms

Phylum Arthropoda (Animals with jointed legs): Arthropoda is the largest group of animals. They have segmented body which is divided into three regionshead, thorax and abdomen. They have jointed legs (3 or more pairs) and a pair of compound eye on the head. The body is bilaterally symmetrical. Open circulatory system is present. Examples: Palaemon (Prawn), scorpion. Mollusca (soft-bodied animals): They are mostly aquatic, living in sea water; some occur in fresh water. Bilaterral symmetry is present. The ceolomic cavity is reduced and there is little segmentation. They have an open circulatory system and kidneylike organs for excretion. Examples: Chiton, octopus. Phylum Echiodermata (Spiny-skinned animals): They are exclusively free-living marine animals. Body is triploblastic and has a coelomic cavity. They are hard calcium carbonate structures that they use as a skeleton. There no head or tail, no left or right side. Examples: Aserias (Starfish), Echinus (Sea urchin). Protochordata (Protofirst, Chordatanotochord): They are exclusively marine, triploblastic and coelomate. Bilateral symmetry is found. A long-rod support structure called notochord is present at some stage of life. This structure runs along the back of animal which separates the nervous tissue from the gut. Examples: Balanoglossus, Herdmania. Vertebrata: This presents the most advanced group of animals. these animals have a true vertebral column and internal skeleton. Vertebrates are bilaterally symmetrical, segmented with complex differentiation of body tissues and organs. Vertebrates are grouped into five classes: Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and Mammalia.

ANNANT CLASSES