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Content
Raw materials in the chemical industry a general overview Use of renewable raw materials in the European chemical
industry Motivation for the use of renewable raw materials Economical advantages Security of supply Climate protection Competition in use of renewable raw materials Technical use concepts of renewable raw materials in the chemical industry Summary of messages
Oil and gas meet the demands in an approved way since a long time
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Aromatics
Other 4%
Sugar 14%
estimations based on data from: EU, IENICA, EHGA, CIRFS, EIHA, EuropaBio, AAF, Rper, Kaup, EurObservER, FAO
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Economical Advantages
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Security of Supply
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Biomass Potentials
Evaluation of future biomass potentials is very difficult
factors which will influence the potentials e.g.: - many
Growth in population Food consumption Climate change Future efficiency in techniques to produce and to convert
biomass
Water availability Other ressource availibility. Uncertainty in the calculation of future biomass is very high Political target setting must be based on sustainability More efficient techniques for use are needed (biorefinery concept) More efficient techniques to produce biomass are needed (plant
biotechnology)
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22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Minimum
Maximum
Europe East 3%
Europe West 4%
55 % of the biomass in 2050 will be harvested in Africa South of Sahara, der Caribbean and South America and in the former Soviet Union.
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Competition in the Use of Biomass and Landuse Competition in biomass use: Food Feed Electricity and heat production Transport fuel Building materials Feedstock in the chemical industry Paper industry Wood industry Severe competition in the use of biomass and also in the land
use to produce the biomass
3% chemistry
Agricultural products
6-7 billion t Dry Matter per year 95% food energy living
5% chemistry like
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Use Competition
Climate Protection
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recognize
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Comparison of Efficiencies in Biomass Use Technical use of biomass can be for energy production,
transport fuels and feedstock for chemical industry Highest saving potentials in fossil energy and CO2-emissions by use of biomass in energy production Efficient processes for energy production are already known and practically available Progress in research and development necessary to further enhance the efficient use of biomass for the production of transport fuels and as feedstock in the chemical industry.
Technical Concepts for the Use of Renewable Raw Materials in the Chemical Industry
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Today
Use of biomolecules in biotechnological Processes Today very high dynamics Potential: big
Tomorrow
Use of Biomass in Biorefineries to produce Basic Chemicals Today: basic Research Potential: very big
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1st Generation: Use of Naturally Synthesized Molecules Examples Plant oils and fats for tensides Oils as Lubricants Cellulose as an additive in paints and adhesives and
as fiber for textiles and compounds
Active ingredients for pharmaceuticals Market for these raw materials is known and covered Growth with the general market growth Inefficient use of biomass because often not more than
30% of the total biomass can be used
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3rd Generation: Biorefineries Production of Basis Chemicals Concept of biorefineries: Extraction of useful plant
components (20%) and (chemical/biotechnological) treatment of the rest (Lignin, Cellulose 80%) to produce basic chemicals Further Research and development is necessary to develop the processes Possible advantages: Present production structure can be maintained; no really new investments are necessary Problem of competition in the use of biomass is smaller, because unspecific biomass can be used completely Possible problems: Effectiveness of processes from the thermodynamic point of view: process is very near to the burning of biomass
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Lignin
Plastics
Carbohydrates
Chemicals
Vegetable oils
Fuels
Proteins
Animal feed
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Hurdles in the Use of Biomass in the Chemical Industry Technical hurdles A lot of R&D to optimize processes to increase efficiency
is still to be done Economical hurdles Biomass price is a major factor in the chemical production based on renewable raw materials, future of biomass prices are very uncertain. Imports at world market prices Logistic hurdles Infrastructure must be developed Wide spread of biomass limits development of large scale production plants (economically and ecologically)
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New technical concepts must be developed This means for the chemical industry
increased use of white biotechnology and evaluating the concept of biorefineries Support in R&D is needed
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Backup
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74,1 Mio. t petrochemical and about 6,4 Mio. t renewable raw materials are used in the EU-25 chemical industry in 2003, i.e. roughly 8 % of the raw materials are RRM.
10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0%
EU-15
EU-25
6% 1999
8%
2003
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37%
43%
Castor Oil Palm und Soybean Oil Coconut Oil
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20%
Starch 24%
Molasses 31%
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US Cent/l
50
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Availibility of Biomass in EU 27
The usable agricultural area of the EU-27 amounts to 183 Mio. ha. Thereof, about 108 Mio. ha is arable land. Roughly 1/3 of the crop land will be globally available for non-food crops by 2040. Just as much land will be available EU-wide. Hence, EU-27 will potentially have roughly 61 Mio. ha of usable agricultural area including 36 Mio. ha of arable land for RRM by 2040.
Assuming a current average yield of 10-15 t/ha the potential amount of RRM sums up to about 360-540 Mio. tons.
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2,8 bn. ha
Using a scenario assuming a world population of 9 billion by 2040 results in the following supply: Demand for Food: 1,8 bn. ha (65%) Availability for Non-Food: 1,0 bn. ha (35%)
Folie 47
Source: C.GESSA AND F.TRIFIRO, THE GREEN REVOLUTION FOR CHEMISTRY, International South Europe Symposium on Non-Food Crops: From Agriculture to Industry, Bologna, 15-16 May 2003 47
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586 507
% 5 : d se a -b io B
100 98
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