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26

A Study on Ideas and Deeds of Treaty Revision in Late Ching

Tang, Chi-hua
Department of History, National Chengchi University

So far, historians assess lowly of diplomatic performance of the late Ching

government and neglect the continuity of diplomacy between Ching and the
Republican era. This article consults with diplomatic archives of Ching
government, works of both diplomats and scholars, and newspapers of 1860s to
1911, to explore the development of ideas and deeds of Treaty Revision in that
period.
Ching officials ideas on revising treaties started from those ministers sent
abroad in late 1870s. The first official try to revise treaty began in late 1890s but
suspended soon. Sino-Russia negotiations of 1911 was the only formal case that
showed Ching governments will and deed on treaty revision. Although after
several months painful talks in St. Petersburg negotiations have been disrupted by
the Chinese Revolution but it already paved the way for treaty revision of the
Republican era.

Keywords: To Revise the Treaty on Schedule, Tseng Chi-tze, Lu

Cheng-hsiang, Sino-Russia treaty revision negotiations of 1911